Poets who died in the war. Literary and musical composition dedicated to the memory of poets who died in the war Young poets who died in the Second World War
Young poets who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War
We still found those yards from where they went to the front. Front gardens, sheds, a linden under the window, a lorry that raised clouds of dust in our street - a lot around was antediluvian, that is, pre-war.
And that lilac, at which the graduates of 1941 said goodbye, showered its color on us when we played war. After the rain, dark water with stars swirled in the pre-war barrel. In the evening, leaving the yard all covered in dust and abrasions, suddenly a mysterious wind from the garden touched our flushed faces, and it seemed to us that there, in the garden, someone was crying softly and these were not leaves under the moonlight, but girlish shoulders trembling.
The night butterfly inaudibly beats against the glass, trembles. So the agenda trembles in the mother's hand. The cherished notebook for poetry is not yet in the backpack, but under the pillow.
In May, evening twilight turns too quickly into morning. Shut up, alarm clocks. Don't rattle, washstand. Shut up, loudspeakers. A locomotive with a red star on its chest, stay still on the siding ... Let me finish the verses.
***
Vsevolod Bagritsky
1941
I hate to live without undressing,
Sleep on rotten straw.
And, giving to the frozen beggars,
To forget the tired hunger.
Chilling, hiding from the wind,
Remember the names of the dead
From home do not receive an answer,
Change junk for black bread.
***
Nikolai Ovsyannikov
1942
That May we still laughed
Loved the greenery and the lights.
Neither the voice of the violins nor the piano
We were not predicted war.
We did not guess, arguing
(We were cramped on the ground)
What years and expanses
We are destined to overcome.
Paris desecrated and terrible,
Seemed to be on the edge of the earth
And the Novodevichy Tower
Peace, like Sophia, guarded.
And only by surprise, one by one,
Here nonsense captured poetry,
Breaking the rhythm, disturbing the lines
With your dry breath.
Now we are similar and older
Now in the barracks night
On the morning rise and marches -
The trumpeters sound the alarm.
Now, my friend and interlocutor,
Romance and sweat shirts
No longer fiction and nonsense,
And our difficult fate.
She will lead us to that suburb
Where there is no fight, where the night is quiet,
Where are we, how about distant childhood,
Let's talk about poetry for the first time.
May our youth not be resurrected
Trenches and fields old-timer!
We feel good from a bitter song,
What did you lay down near Vyazma.
***
Arian Tychacek
January 19, 1943
Having fifteen more years
I often thought before going to bed
What would be good not to grow old
Be the same age all your life.
I dreamed then to live in the world
Twenty years old all his life.
I thought - happiness in these years
There is always a person.
Now those dreams have come true:
The twentieth year of my life has come.
But there is no happiness. I can hardly find it.
Death will find me sooner.
And now I have twenty years,
Dreaming before bed again
What would be good not to grow old,
To be a little boy again.
***
Zakhar Gorodissky
August 9, 1943
If death comes close to me
And put him to sleep with him
You will tell your friends that Zakhar Gorodissky
In battles, I'm not used to retreating,
That he, having swallowed a deadly wind,
He fell not back, but forward,
So that an extra one hundred and seventy-two centimeters
Logged into won account
YOUNG POTTS DIE ON THE FRONTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Andrukhaev Khusen, 20 years old
Artemov Alexander, 29 years old
Bagritsky Vsevolod, 19 years old
Bogatkov Boris, 21 years old
Vakarov Dmitry, 24 years old
Viktoras Valaitis, 27 years old
Vintman Pavel, 24 years old
Gorodissky Zakhar, 20 years old
Guryan (Khachaturyan) Tatul, 29 years old
Zanadvorov Vladislav, 28 years old
Kaloev Khazby, 22 years old
Quicinia Levarsa, 29 years old
Kogan Pavel, 24 years old
Krapivnikov Leonid, 21 years old
Kulchitsky Mikhail, 23 years old
Lebedev Alexey, 29 years old
Livertovsky Joseph, 24 years old
Loboda Vsevolod, 29 years old
Lukyanov Nikolai, 22 years old
Mayorov Nikolay, 22 years old
Ovsyannikov Nikolai, 24 years old
Podarevsky Eduard, 24 years old
Podstanitsky Alexander, 22 years old
Polyakov Evgeny, 20 years old
Razikov Evgeny, 23 years old
Razmyslov Ananiy, 27 years old
Rimsky-Korsakov Vsevolod, 25 years old (died in the Leningrad blockade)
Rozenberg Leonid, 22 years old
Strelchenko Vadim, 29 years old
Suvorov Georgy, 25 years old
Surnachev Mikola, 27 years old
Tikhachek Arian, 19 years old
Ushkov Georgy, 25 years old
Fedorov Ivan, 29 years old
Shersher Leonid, 25 years old
Shulchev Valentin, 28 years old
Esenkojaev Kuseyin, 20 years old
If suddenly your family has preserved the memory of the guys from this list, as well as those young poets who were not on it, write to us.
Views: 0
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
A. Ekimtsev A. Ekimtsev POETS POETS Somewhere under a radiant obelisk, From Moscow to distant lands, Guardsman Vsevolod Bagritsky sleeps, Wrapped in a gray overcoat. Somewhere under a cool birch, That flickers in the moonlit distance, Guardsman Nikolai Otrada Sleeps With a notebook in his hand. And under the rustle of the sea breeze, Which warms the July dawn, Pavel Kogan sleeps without waking For exactly nineteen years. And in the hand of a poet and a soldier And so it remained for centuries The very last grenade The very last line. Sleeping poets eternal boys! They should get up at dawn tomorrow, To write Prefaces with blood to the belated first books! Somewhere under a radiant obelisk, From Moscow to distant lands, Guardsman Vsevolod Bagritsky sleeps, Wrapped in a gray overcoat. Somewhere under a cool birch, That flickers in the moonlit distance, Guardsman Nikolai Otrada Sleeps With a notebook in his hand. And under the rustle of the sea breeze, Which warms the July dawn, Pavel Kogan sleeps without waking For exactly nineteen years. And in the hand of a poet and a soldier And so it remained for centuries The very last grenade The very last line. Sleeping poets eternal boys! They should get up at dawn tomorrow, To write Prefaces with blood to the belated first books!
Boris Bogatkov was not yet 19 years old. Boris Bogatkov was not yet 19 years old. The commander of a platoon of submachine gunners, he writes poetry, creates the anthem of the division. Having raised soldiers to attack, he died a heroic death on August 11, 1943 in the battle for the Gnezdilovsky height (in the Smolensk Elnya region). He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class. The commander of a platoon of submachine gunners, he writes poetry, creates the anthem of the division. Having raised soldiers to attack, he died a heroic death on August 11, 1943 in the battle for the Gnezdilovsky height (in the Smolensk Elnya region). He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class. Boris Bogatkov Boris Bogatkov A new suitcase half a meter long, A mug, a spoon, a knife, a bowler hat... I've stocked up all this in advance, To arrive on time according to the agenda. How I waited for her! And finally, Here she is, desired, in her hands!..... Childhood has flown by, gone noisy In schools, in pioneer camps. Youth with girlish arms Embraced and caressed us, Youth with cold bayonets Flashed on the fronts now. Youth to fight for everything native Led the guys into the fire and smoke, And I hasten to join my grown-up peers.
Pavel Kogan ... I saw and experienced so much villages burned by the Germans, women whose children were killed, and, perhaps, most importantly, people in the liberated villages, who did not know for joy where to put us, what to treat us with. We always thought we understood everything. We understood, but with our heads. And now I understand with my heart. And so that not a single reptile wanders around on our beautiful land, so that no one dares to call our brave and intelligent people a slave, for our love with you, I will die, if necessary. ... I saw and experienced so many villages burned by the Germans, women whose children were killed, and, perhaps, most importantly, people in the liberated villages, who did not know for joy where to put us, what to treat us with. We always thought we understood everything. We understood, but with our heads. And now I understand with my heart. And so that not a single reptile wanders around on our beautiful land, so that no one dares to call our brave and intelligent people a slave, for our love with you, I will die, if necessary. Pavel Kogan was born in 1918 in the family of an employee in Kyiv. From 1922 he lived in Moscow. Here he graduated from high school and in 1936 entered the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and Art (IFLI). In 1939 he moved to the Literary Institute, continuing to study in absentia at IFLI. He was a passionate man, recalls David Samoilov. Just as passionately as to poetry, he treated people. He is in love with friends, but if he did not love someone, he did not recognize any merit in that. Pavel Kogan was born in 1918 in the family of an employee in Kyiv. From 1922 he lived in Moscow. Here he graduated from high school and in 1936 entered the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and Art (IFLI). In 1939 he moved to the Literary Institute, continuing to study in absentia at IFLI. He was a passionate man, recalls David Samoilov. Just as passionately as to poetry, he treated people. He is in love with friends, but if he did not love someone, he did not recognize any merit in that. Letter from the front
"WE" "WE" There is such accuracy in our days, That the boys of other centuries, Probably, will cry at night About the time of the Bolsheviks. And they will complain to the dear ones, That they were not born in those years, When the water rang and smoked, Falling on the shore, the water. They will invent us again A fathom, a firm step And they will find the right foundation, But they will not be able to breathe like that, How we breathed, how we were friends, How we lived, how in a hurry We composed bad songs About amazing deeds. There is such accuracy in our days, That the boys of other centuries, Probably, will cry at night About the time of the Bolsheviks. And they will complain to the dear ones, That they were not born in those years, When the water rang and smoked, Falling on the shore, the water. They will invent us again A fathom, a firm step And they will find the right foundation, But they will not be able to breathe like that, How we breathed, how we were friends, How we lived, how in a hurry We composed bad songs About amazing deeds. We were all, any, Not very smart at times. We loved our girls, Jealous, tormented, excited. We were all. But, tormented, We understood: in our days such a fate fell to Us, That let them envy. They will invent us wise, We will be strict and direct, They will embellish and powder, And yet we will make our way! We were all, any, Not very smart at times. We loved our girls, Jealous, tormented, excited. We were all. But, tormented, We understood: in our days such a fate fell to Us, That let them envy. They will invent us wise, We will be strict and direct, They will embellish and powder, And yet we will make our way!
Mikhail Kulchitsky Dreamer, dreamer, lazy-envy! What? Are bullets in a helmet safer than drops? And the riders rush by with a whistle of sabers spinning with propellers. I used to think: Lieutenant Sounds pour us, And, knowing the topography, He stomps on the gravel. War is not fireworks at all, But simply hard work, When the infantry slides up through the plowing black with sweat. Dreamer, dreamer, lazy envious! What? Are bullets in a helmet safer than drops? And the riders rush by with a whistle of sabers spinning with propellers. I used to think: Lieutenant Sounds pour us, And, knowing the topography, He stomps on the gravel. War is not fireworks at all, But simply hard work, When the infantry slides up through the plowing black with sweat. March! And the clay in the stomping stomp To the marrow of the bones of frozen feet Wraps up on the boots With the weight of bread in a month's ration. March! And the clay in the stomping stomp To the marrow of the bones of frozen feet Wraps up on the boots With the weight of bread in a month's ration. On the fighters and buttons like Scales of heavy orders. Not for the order. There would be a Motherland On the fighters and buttons like Scales of heavy orders. Not for the order. If there was a Motherland Mikhail Valentinovich Kulchitsky was born in 1919 in Kharkov. After graduating from ten years, he worked for some time at the Kharkov Tractor Plant. After studying for a year at Kharkov University, he transferred to the second year of the Literary Institute. Gorky.
Vsevolod Bagritsky Poet Vsevolod Eduardovich Bagritsky, the poet's son and the poet himself, was born in Odessa. In 1926, the Bagritsky family moved to Moscow. After school, Vsevolod studied at the State Theater Studio. I started writing poetry very early. The poet Vsevolod Eduardovich Bagritsky, the son of the poet and the poet himself, was born in Odessa. In 1926, the Bagritsky family moved to Moscow. After school, Vsevolod studied at the State Theater Studio. I started writing poetry very early. He got into the active army only after persistent requests, in January 1942, since he was released from military service for health reasons. Vsevolod Bagritsky was appointed to the army newspaper "Courage" on the Volkhov front. He got into the active army only after persistent requests, in January 1942, since he was released from military service for health reasons. Vsevolod Bagritsky was appointed to the army newspaper "Courage" on the Volkhov front. We spent two days in the snow. No one said: I'm cold, I can't. We saw and the blood boiled. The Germans were sitting by the hot fires. But, winning, one must be able to Wait, indignantly, wait and endure. Dawn rose through the black trees, Darkness descended through the black trees. But lie still, since there is no order, The minute of the battle has not yet come. We spent two days in the snow. No one said: I'm cold, I can't. We saw and the blood boiled. The Germans were sitting by the hot fires. But, winning, one must be able to Wait, indignantly, wait and endure. Dawn rose through the black trees, Darkness descended through the black trees. But lie still, since there is no order, The minute of the battle has not yet come. The rocket will surface and the dusk breaks. Now do not wait, comrade! Forward! We surrounded their dugouts, We took half alive ... And you, corporal, where are you running? The bullet will take your heart. The fight is over. Now rest, Reply to letters... And again on the road! The rocket will surface and the dusk breaks. Now do not wait, comrade! Forward! We surrounded their dugouts, We took half alive ... And you, corporal, where are you running? The bullet will take your heart. The fight is over. Now rest, Reply to letters... And again on the road!
Nikolai Mayorov Nikolai Mayorov was born in Ivanovo in a working-class family. After graduating from school, he entered the Faculty of History of Moscow State University, and from 1939 he began to attend a poetry seminar at the Literary Institute. He began to write early, he published his first poems in the university newspaper. In the summer of 1941, together with other students, at the construction of anti-tank ditches near Yelnya. In October 1941 he achieved enrollment in the army. Nikolai Mayorov was born in Ivanovo in a working-class family. After graduating from school, he entered the Faculty of History of Moscow State University, and from 1939 he began to attend a poetry seminar at the Literary Institute. He began to write early, he published his first poems in the university newspaper. In the summer of 1941, together with other students, at the construction of anti-tank ditches near Yelnya. In October 1941 he achieved enrollment in the army. We lit fires and turned rivers back. We missed the sky and water. The stubborn life in every man The traces of the iron are marked. Thus, signs of the past have sunk into us. And how we loved, ask the wives! Centuries will pass, and portraits will lie to you, Where the course of our life is depicted. We were tall, fair-haired. You will read in books, like a myth, About people who left without having finished smoking their last cigarette... We lit fires and blew rivers back. We missed the sky and water. The stubborn life in every man The traces of the iron are marked. Thus, signs of the past have sunk into us. And how we loved, ask the wives! Centuries will pass, and portraits will lie to you, Where the course of our life is depicted. We were tall, fair-haired. You will read in books, like a myth, About people who left without having finished their last cigarette ...
Musa Jalil In May 1945, a fighter of one of the units of the Soviet troops that stormed Berlin found a note in the courtyard of the Nazi prison Moabit, which said: In May 1945, a fighter of one of the units of the Soviet troops that stormed Berlin found a note that said: “I, the famous Tatar writer Musa Jalil, was imprisoned in the Moabit prison as a prisoner who was charged with political charges, and, probably, I will soon be shot. If any of the Russians get this recording, let them say hello from me to my fellow writers in Moscow. The news of the feat of the Tatar poet came to his homeland. “I, the well-known Tatar writer Musa Jalil, have been imprisoned in the Moabit prison as a prisoner on political charges, and I will probably be shot soon. If any of the Russians get this recording, let them say hello from me to my fellow writers in Moscow. The news of the feat of the Tatar poet came to his homeland. After the war, verses from the Moabit Notebook were published After the war, verses from the Moabit Notebook were published If life passes without a trace, In baseness, in captivity, what an honor! Only in the freedom of life is beauty! Only in a brave heart is eternity! If your blood was shed for the Motherland, You will not die among the people, horseman, The blood of a traitor flows into the mud, The blood of the brave burns in the hearts. Dying, the hero will not die. Courage will remain for centuries. Glorify your name with struggle, so that it does not fall silent on your lips! If life passes without a trace, In baseness, in captivity, what an honor! Only in the freedom of life is beauty! Only in a brave heart is eternity! If your blood was shed for the Motherland, You will not die among the people, horseman, The blood of a traitor flows into the mud, The blood of the brave burns in the hearts. Dying, the hero will not die. Courage will remain for centuries. Glorify your name with struggle, so that it does not fall silent on your lips!
Musa Jalil I will not kneel, executioner, before you, Although I am your prisoner, I am a slave in your prison. My time will come and I will die. But know: I will die standing, Although you will cut off my head, villain. I will not kneel, executioner, before you, Although I am your prisoner, I am a slave in your prison. My time will come and I will die. But know: I will die standing, Although you will cut off my head, villain. Alas, not a thousand, but only a hundred in battle I was able to destroy such executioners. For this, when I return, I will ask for forgiveness, On my knees, at my homeland. Alas, not a thousand, but only a hundred in battle I was able to destroy such executioners. For this, when I return, I will ask for forgiveness, On my knees, at my homeland.
From the "Moabite Notebook" "Friend! Do not grieve that we die early ... We are not one of those who could turn off the path. We are dying at the forefront, There is nothing to reproach us with before death. "Friend! Do not grieve that we die early ... We are not one of those who could turn off the path. We are dying at the forefront, There is nothing to reproach us with before death. “... Like a banner, raising loyalty to the Motherland, Dzhigit went through fire and water. Not with an automatic weapon, not with a horse, but with an oath to his people "" ... Like a banner, raising loyalty to the Motherland, Dzhigit went through fire and water. Not with a gun, not with a horse, but with an oath to his people ”(Moabit Notebook, November 1943) (Moabit Notebook, November 1943)
Semyon Gudzenko Semyon Petrovich Gudzenko (March 5, 1922, Kyiv February 12, 1953, Moscow) was a Soviet front-line poet. Semyon Petrovich Gudzenko (March 5, 1922, Kyiv February 12, 1953, Moscow) was a Soviet front-line poet. In 1939 he entered IFLI and moved to Moscow. In 1941 he volunteered for the front, in 1942 he was seriously wounded. After being wounded, he was a front-line correspondent. He published his first book of poems in 1944. After the end of World War II, he worked as a correspondent for a military newspaper. In 1939 he entered IFLI and moved to Moscow. In 1941 he volunteered for the front, in 1942 he was seriously wounded. After being wounded, he was a front-line correspondent. He published his first book of poems in 1944. After the end of World War II, he worked as a correspondent for a military newspaper.
From the notebooks of a soldier Semyon Gudzenko: "Wounded. In the stomach. I lose consciousness for a minute. Most of all I was afraid of a wound in the stomach. Let it be in the arm, leg, shoulder. I can't walk. They are being taken on a sleigh." “Before the attack”, 1942 When they go to their death, they sing, and before that you can cry. After all, the worst hour in battle is the hour of waiting for an attack. The snow is pitted with mines all around, all blackened from mine dust. Gap - and a friend dies. And that means death passes by. Now it's my turn, I'm the only one being hunted. Damn the forty-first year - you, infantry frozen in the snow. It seems to me that I am a magnet, that I attract mines. Gap - and the lieutenant wheezes, and death again passes by. But we are no longer able to wait, and we are being led through the trenches. The fight was short. And then they jammed the icy vodka, And I plucked someone else's blood from under my nails with a knife.
They did not return from the battlefield... Young, strong, cheerful... Dissimilar to each other in particular, they were similar to each other in general. They did not return from the battlefield... Young, strong, cheerful... Dissimilar to each other in particular, they were similar to each other in general. They dreamed of creative work, of hot and pure love, of a bright life on earth. They dreamed of creative work, of hot and pure love, of a bright life on earth. The most honest of the most honest, they were the bravest of the bravest. The most honest of the most honest, they were the bravest of the bravest. They did not hesitate to join the fight against fascism. This is written about them: They did not hesitate to fight against fascism. This is written about them: They left, your peers, Without clenching their teeth, without cursing fate. And the path was not to be short: From the first battle to the eternal flame...
Vladimir Avrushchenko
died at the front in 1941.
Abdullah Alish
was taken prisoner in October 1941. In the concentration camp, he was an ally of Musa Jalil in the underground struggle. In August 1943 he was thrown into the Moabit prison in Berlin. Executed by the Nazis in 1944.
Jack Althausen
died in battle near Kharkov in May 1942.
Alexander Artemov
Alexander Alexandrovich Artemov was born in 1912. He began writing poetry at the age of fifteen. At first I read them at parties and Komsomol meetings, then I began to publish them in Far Eastern publications, and soon in Moscow and Leningrad magazines. In 1939, in Dalgiz, he published the collection "Pacific Ocean"; in 1940 - "Winners".
He was fond of history, studied the past of the North and the Far East, wrote about past campaigns, about explorers and explorers. He also wrote a cycle of poems about the heroes of the Civil War, a ballad about Mikhail Popov, Sergei Lazo's adjutant.
In 1940, Alexander Artemov entered the Literary Institute. Gorky. But the study did not last long. In 1941, the poet volunteered for the front and died in the battles for the Motherland in 1942.
Vsevolod Bagritsky
Vsevolod Eduardovich Bagritsky was born in 1922 in Odessa in the family of a famous Soviet poet. In 1926, the Bagritsky family moved to the city of Kuntsevo. V. Bagritsky began to write poetry in early childhood. During his school years, he placed them in a handwritten journal; while still at school, in 1938-1939 he worked as a literary consultant for Pionerskaya Pravda. In the winter of 1939-1940, Vsevolod joined the creative team of the youth theater, led by A. Arbuzov and V. Pluchek. V. Bagritsky is one of the authors of the play "The City at Dawn". Then he writes, together with the studio students I. Kuznetsov and A. Galich, the play "Duel".
From the first days of the war, V. Bagritsky rushed to the front.
On the eve of 1942, V. Bagritsky, together with the poet P. Shubin, was appointed to the newspaper of the Second Shock Army, which came from the south to the rescue of the besieged Leningrad.
He died on February 26, 1942 in the small village of Dubovik, Leningrad Region, while writing down the story of a political instructor.
V. Bagritsky was buried near the village of Sennaya Kerest, near Chudov. On the pine tree under which Bagritsky is buried, a somewhat paraphrased quatrain by M. Tsvetaeva is carved:
I do not accept eternity
Why was I buried?
I didn't want to go to the ground
From my native land.
Konstantin Belkhin
died in 1943 in the Arctic.
Boris Bogatkov
Boris Andreevich Bogatkov was born in September 1922 in Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory). His father and mother are teachers. His mother died when Boris was ten years old, and he was brought up by his aunt. Bogatkov studied in Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk. From childhood he was fond of poetry and drawing. He knew well the poems of Pushkin, Lermontov, Mayakovsky, Bagritsky, Aseev. In 1938, for the poem "The Thought of the Red Flag" he received a diploma at the All-Union Review of Children's Literary Creativity. In 1940 Bogatkov arrived in Moscow. He worked as a sinker at the construction of the subway and studied at the evening department of the Literary Institute. Gorky.
From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Bogatkov was in the army. During a raid by fascist aviation, he was seriously shell-shocked and demobilized for health reasons. In 1942 he returned to Novosibirsk. Here he wrote satirical poems for TASS windows, published in local newspapers. And stubbornly sought to return to the army. After long troubles, Bogatkov is enrolled in the Siberian Volunteer Division. At the front, the commander of a platoon of submachine gunners, senior sergeant Bogatkov, continues to write poetry, composes the anthem of the division.
On August 11, 1943, in the battle for the Gnezdilovsky heights (in the Smolensk-Yelnya region), Bogatkov raised machine gunners to attack and, at the head of them, burst into enemy trenches. In this battle, Boris Bogatkov died a heroic death. His name is forever entered in the lists of the division, his machine gun was transferred to the best shooters of the platoon.
Dmitry Vakarov
Dmitry Onufrievich Vakarov was born in 1920 in the village of Iza (Transcarpathia). His father, a poor peasant, traveled to America three times in the hope of getting rich. But he returned as poor as he left, and in addition - sick. From childhood, Dmitry knew hunger and injustice. However, the need, deprivation did not break the young man who matured early. In 1938, while still studying at the Khust gymnasium, Dmitry Vakarov began to write revolutionary poetry. Once on the walls of the gymnasium, the slogans "Long live the USSR" appeared. The director called the border intelligence officers. Dmitry Vakarov and his friends were arrested and subjected to seven days of interrogation. But the gendarmes never learned the name of the one who wrote the slogans. Twice more Vakarov was arrested and tortured in his homeland. But they never got a word out of him.
In the spring of 1939, Hortiy's Hungary occupied Transcarpathia and established a regime of fascist terror here. In the atmosphere of arrests and executions, Vakarov continued to conduct communist propaganda, continued to write invocative poems. He hopefully followed the liberation campaign of the Soviet Army in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus and dedicated agitated lines to it.
In the fall of 1941, Vakarov entered the Faculty of Philology at the University of Budapest. He made a living teaching Russian at a school of foreign languages. In Budapest, the young poet established contact with the anti-fascist underground. In March 1944, Dmitry Vakarov was captured by the Hungarian counterintelligence and "for treason" was sentenced by a military tribunal to life imprisonment. Hitler's Hungarian henchmen, in anticipation of their impending collapse, handed over political prisoners to the Gestapo. In November 1944, Vakarov was sent to the Nazi death camp in Dachau, deprived of his first and last name, giving the prisoner number 125530. At the end of December, he was transferred to the Natzweiler concentration camp, where orders were even more monstrous than in Dachau. In early 1945, executioners from Auschwitz began to arrive here. In March 1945, when American aircraft bombed factories and facilities around Natzweiler, Vakarov, along with other prisoners, was transferred to the Dautmergen concentration camp. Here, the fascist fanatics decided to send the exhausted Vakarov to "treatment", that is, to death in special cells. The poet did not want to "treat", resisted and was killed by the Nazis.
Victoras Valaitis
died at the front in 1944.
Tatul Guryan
Tatul Samsonovich was born in 1912 in Western Armenia. Having lost his parents early, he moved to Baku, where he went to work and at the same time began to study. After graduating from high school, Guryan left for Moscow. He was admitted to the literary faculty of the Editorial and Publishing Institute. Upon his return to Baku, he got involved in literary and creative work.
Guryan began to write in childhood, published since 1929. Guryan's first collection of poetry, The Blood of the Earth, was published in 1932. In 1933, the Azerbaijani state publishing house "Azerneshr" published his poem "Dnepr". In 1935, a new collection of the poet "Growth" was released. Guryan wrote the drama in verse "Frik", a number of poems, including "Sayat-Nova". T. Gurian's poems were published in 1941 as a separate book. T. Guryan also acted as a translator. He translated poems by Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, Samed Vurgun, and others. When the Patriotic War began, the courageous voice of the poet sounded in the ranks of the soldiers of the Soviet Army. Tatul Guryan died on June 22, 1942 during the defense of Sevastopol.
Musa Jalil
Musa Mustafievich Dzhalilov (Musa Dzhalil) was born in 1906 in the village of Mustafa, Orenburg province. He received his primary education in a village school, then studied at the Khusainia madrasah in Orenburg, later in Kazan at the workers' faculty, and in 1931 he graduated from Moscow State University.
Musa Jalil worked in the Tatar-Bashkir Bureau of the Komsomol Central Committee, edited the children's magazines Kechkene Iptoshlyar (Little Comrades) and Oktyabr Balasy (Child of October), took an active part in the creation of the Tatar State Opera and Ballet Theater, wrote for this theater the libretto of the operas "Altinchech" and "Ildar". He published several collections of poetry. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, Musa Jalil headed the Writers' Union of Tatarstan.
On the very first day of the war, Musa Jalil went into the ranks of the army and in June 1942 on the Volkhov front, seriously wounded, was taken prisoner. In the concentration camp, he conducted active underground work, for which he was thrown into the fascist dungeon - the Moabit prison. In prison, Musa Jalil created a cycle of poems, the fame of which went far beyond the borders of our Motherland.
In 1944 Moabite executioners executed the poet.
Friends in the dungeon kept his notebooks. One of them was handed over to the Soviet representatives in Brussels by the Belgian anti-fascist Andre Timmermans, Jalil's comrade in the Moabit dungeon. Later, the Writers' Union of Tataria also received the poet's second notebook.
Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Vladislav Zanadvorov
Vladislav Leonidovich was born in 1914 in Perm. In 1929, he graduated from an eight-year secondary school with a geological exploration bias in Sverdlovsk and entered the geological exploration technical school. “Since 1930,” says the poet’s autobiography, written in 1939, “I began to wander on my own - in geological parties, on expeditions. These were the years of the first five-year plan, when we - teenagers - were imperiously attracted to life, and, of course, we could not sit at home. Worn-out textbooks were thrown into a corner, hiking boots were shod on their feet, and the wandering wind burned their cheeks.
Without graduating from a technical school, Zanadvorov left for Leningrad, where he worked in a geological exploration trust. In 1933-1934, he went on expeditions to the Kola Peninsula, the Far North, beyond the Arctic Circle, in Kazakhstan.
In 1935, Zanadvorov entered the Faculty of Geology of Sverdlovsk University, then transferred to Perm, where in 1940 he graduated with honors and the right to enter graduate school at the Geological Academy. But Zanadvorov remains a practicing geologist and leaves for work in the city of Verkh-Neyvinsk. Taking a great interest in geology, Zanadvorov simultaneously writes poetry and prose. In 1932, his poems from the cycle "Kizel" and the poem "The Way of an Engineer" were first published in the Sverdlovsk magazine "Shturm". In the 1930s, Zanadvorov was a member of the Rezets literary group, his poems were published in the magazine of the same name, in the almanacs Ural Contemporary and Prikamye. In 1936, Zanadvorov's story "Copper Mountain" was published as a separate book for youth. The first collection of poems "Prostor" was published in 1941 in Perm.
In February 1942, Zanadvorov was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army. He was a participant in the great battle on the Volga and died a heroic death in the November battles of 1942.
Posthumously in 1946, Zanadvorov's collection "Devotion" was published, the preparation of which began during the life of the poet, in 1941. In 1945, the collection "Marching Lights" was released, in 1953 "Selected Poems and Stories" were published, in 1954 - the book "Wind of Courage".
Yuri Inge
Yuri Alekseevich was born in 1905 in Strelna. At the age of fifteen, he went to the factory “Red Triangle, at first he was a laborer, then a rubber band worker. He worked at the Triangle until 1929. In 1930 he began to publish, and in 1931 he published his first book, The Epoch.
He participated in the military campaigns of the Baltic ships in landing operations in the winter of 1939-1940.
June 22, 1941 finds J. Inge in Tallinn. He writes the poem "The War Has Begun", which is broadcast on the same day by the radio of Leningrad. With great activity, Yu. Inge is included in the work of the Red Navy press, invocative poems, poetic feuilletons, captions for satirical posters, as well as stories, essays, feuilletons appear from his pen.
On August 28, 1941, the Nazis torpedoed the Valdemaras ship. Y. Inge was on board. On this day, the newspaper "Red Baltic Fleet" published his last poem.
Yuri Inge was known and hated by the Nazis. Subsequently, Gestapo documents were found in liberated Tallinn - Inge's name was on the list of those sentenced to death in absentia.
Khazbi Kaloev
was born in 1921 in the village of Zaka (North Ossetia). In 1934, after an incomplete secondary school, Kaloev entered the workers' faculty, from which he graduated in 1937. Later, Kaloez studied at the Russian department of Tbilisi State University, and from there he transferred to the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute. The war prevented him from completing his education.
Khazbi Kaloev began to write as a schoolboy, in the 30s. Since 1936, his poems have been published in newspapers and magazines. He wrote in Ossetian and Russian. On the eve of the war, Kaloev wrote the drama "Sons of Baga" and set to work on the drama "Bloody Path", which he finished already at the front.
At the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Kaloev joined the army from his student days.
Tank commander Khazbi Kaloev was killed in action near Belgorod in 1943.
In 1957, a collection of poems by Khazbi Kaloev "Ray of the Sun" in Ossetian was published in Ordzhonikidze.
Fatyh Karim
(Fatih Valeevich Karimov) was born in 1909 in the village of Aet, Bishbulik region, Bashkir ASSR. He received his primary education in his native village; in 1925 he entered the preparatory courses at the Pedagogical College in Belebey. From 1926 to 1929 he studied at the land management technical school in Kazan.
Fatykh Karim wrote his first poems and stories in 1926-1927, published on the pages of republican newspapers. After graduating from the technical school, he collaborates in the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines: "Young Leninist", "Peasant Newspaper", "Attack", "Liberated Woman". In 1931-1933, Fatykh Karim, while on active duty in the ranks of the Soviet Army, actively participated in the work of the Komsomolets newspaper. Upon his return from the army, he becomes the executive secretary of the editorial board of youth and children's literature of the Tat State Publishing House. The first collection of poems by Fatykh Karim - "The Song Begins" (in Tatar) - was published in 1931. His poems "The Seventh Nov", "Fifty Dzhigits", "Light of Lightning", "Anikin" and others were very popular.
In 1941, he went to the front as an ordinary sapper soldier. Later he became an officer. During the war years, two collections of his poems were published - "Love and Hate" (1943), "Melody and Strength" (1944). Along with poetry, Fatykh Karim created during the war years the story "Notes of a Scout" (1942). "In the Spring Night" (1944) and the play "Shakir Shigaev" (1944), wrote a number of works for children.
Fatykh Karim died a heroic death shortly before the victory - in February 1945 - on the outskirts of Koenigsberg.
Levarsa Kvitsinia
died at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, fighting on the border, in the Bialystok region, as part of a border detachment.
Pavel Kogan,
who led the search for scouts, was killed near Novorossiysk on September 23, 1942.
Boris Kostrov
Boris Alekseevich was born in 1912 in the family of an office worker at the Putilov factory. While still in high school, he began to write poetry, which he read at school parties.
After completing his studies, he entered the factory. Volodarsky. Soon the Komsomol organization sent him to work in one of the state farms in the Leningrad region.
In 1933 Boris Kostrov returned to Leningrad. His first poems are published in the magazines "Cutter" and "Star". However, the young poet decides to continue his studies. He enters the Workers' Literary University, after graduating from which he leaves for the Ostrovsky district, where he works in the editorial office of the newspaper "For Kolkhoz".
Returning to Leningrad in 1937, Boris Kostrov published in periodicals, and in 1941 he published the first book of lyrical poems, Zakaznik.
June 24, 1941 Boris Kostrov voluntarily joined the army. He took part in the battles near Leningrad, fought in Karelia, on the Kalinin front, was wounded three times. In 1943 he was sent to a tank school. After graduating from college, with the rank of junior lieutenant, he returned to the front along with a self-propelled artillery mount received at the factory.
On March 11, 1945, the commander of the self-propelled gun, communist officer Boris Alekseevich Kostrov, was seriously wounded during the assault on Kreutzburg in East Prussia and died three days later. He was buried with military honors in the central square of the city.
Boris Kotov
Boris Alexandrovich was born in 1909 in the village of Pakhotny Ugol, Tambov Region. His father is a folk teacher. After graduating from secondary school, B. Kotov worked in the village of Storozhevsky Khutor as a secretary of the village council and taught courses on the elimination of illiteracy. In 1931 he moved to Novo-Gorlovka and entered the mine.
The first poems of B. Kotov were published in 1928 in the regional newspaper. In the future, his poems were published in the newspapers "Kochegarka", "Socialist Donbass", in the almanac "Literary Donbass", in the collective collections "We hand over a sample", "Combine", "On-mountain".
Being very demanding of himself, B. Kotov published relatively little. Unpublished prose was found in his archive. Shortly before the war, the poet prepared his first collection, which was not destined to see the light of day. Everything written by B. Kotov (poems, epigrams, songs, excerpts from the story "Liquidator's Notes", several front-line letters) was included in the book "Unfinished Song", published in Donetsk in 1960.
In the spring of 1942, Boris Kotov joined the army and became a mortar operator in one of the rifle units. On September 29, 1943, he died in battle on the Dnieper bridgehead.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Sergeant Boris Alexandrovich Kotov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Vasily Kubanev
Vasily Mikhailovich was born in 1921 in the Voronezh region. In 1938 he graduated from high school and began working in the Ostrogozhsk regional newspaper Novaya Zhizn. In 1940 he went to teach in the village of Gubarevka. Then he returned to Ostrogozhsk again, to the editorial office of the same newspaper. Vasily Kubanev began to write early, at the age of 14, he was published in the regional newspaper. Before the war, his works appeared in collections of local poets and in the anthology Literary Voronezh.
Kubanev already had big plans, his own views on life and art were taking shape. He worked on a large article about art, which he considered for himself as a "tactical program for life", hatched the idea of a large epic canvas, which is called "The Whole" in the poet's letters and diaries. “I am ready to work tirelessly all my life to create my Whole,” Kubanev wrote in one of his diary entries.
In August 1941, V. Kubanev volunteered for the front. A few months later he returned to Ostrogozhsk. Kubanev came from the army as a seriously ill person, and in March 1942 he died. During the war Kubanev's apartment was destroyed, his manuscripts perished.
Friends collected a lot of literary samples, poems of the poet, published his letters and diaries. In 1955, a collection of poems compiled by B. Stukalin, “Before Sunrise,” was published in Voronezh. In 1958, the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house published a more expanded collection of the poet's works. This book, supplemented by new findings, was republished in 1960.
Mikhail Kulchitsky
Mikhail Valentinovich was born in 1919 in Kharkov. His father, a professional writer, died in 1942 in a German dungeon.
Mikhail Kulchitsky, after graduating from ten years, worked for some time as a carpenter, then as a draftsman at the Kharkov Tractor Plant. After studying for a year at Kharkov University, he transferred to the second year of the Literary Institute. Gorky. At the same time he gave lessons in one of the Moscow schools.
Kulchitsky began writing and publishing early. He published his first poem in 1935 in Pioneer magazine. At the Literary Institute, he immediately drew attention to himself by the scale of his talent, poetic maturity, and independent thinking. Teachers and comrades saw in Kulchitsky an established poet and pinned great hopes on him.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Kulchitsky was in the army. In December 1942, he graduated from the machine-gun and mortar school and left for the front with the rank of junior lieutenant.
Mikhail Kulchitsky died near Stalingrad in January 1943.
The poems created by Kulchitsky in the army, which he mentions in his letters, have not survived.
Boris Lapin
Boris Matveyevich was born on June 9, 1905 in Moscow. As a teenager, together with his father, a military doctor, he got into the civil war.
At the age of sixteen, Boris Lapin began to write poetry; in 1922 his collection "The Lightning Man" was published, in 1923 - "1922 Book of Poems".
After graduating from the Bryusov Institute in 1924, Lapin chose the life of a traveler and essayist. He worked as a census taker of the Statistical Office in the Pamirs, served in a fur factory in Chukotka, participated in archaeological and geobotanical expeditions, traveled around Central Asia, visited the ports of Turkey, Greece and other countries as a navigator-intern, traveled to Japan, visited Mongolia twice. I studied several languages on my own.
Travels provided material not only for numerous newspaper essays signed "Border Guard", but also for such books as "The Tale of the Pamir Country", "Pacific Diary", "Raid on Garm", "Feat", etc. From the beginning of the 30- 1990s, B. Lapin usually wrote in collaboration with Z. Khatsrevin (“Stalinabad Archive”, “Far Eastern Stories”, “Journey”, “Stories and Portraits”). The works of talented writers were very popular. B. Lapin did not publish more poetry collections, but in the books written jointly with Z. Khatsrevin, sometimes there were poetic inserts and passages.
In 1939, B. Lapin, becoming an employee of the army newspaper, participated in the battles at Khalkhin Gol.
In July 1941, B. Lapin and Z. Khatsrevin left for the front as correspondents for the Red Star. In September 1941, they both died near Kiev.
Alexey Lebedev
Alexey Alekseevich was born in 1912 in Suzdal, in the family of a factory employee. Mother is a teacher.
In 1927 the Lebedevs moved to Ivanovo. After graduating from high school, Alexey at one time worked as an assistant to a plumber. The dream of the sea made him go to the North, to become a sailor. After a three-year voyage on the ships of Sevrybtrest and the merchant fleet, A. Lebedev returned to Ivanovo, worked and studied at the same time at the evening construction college. In 1933 he left to serve in the Navy. He was a radio operator, a submariner.
From 1936 to 1940, A. Lebedev studied at the Higher Naval School of the Red Banner. Frunze (Leningrad).
In 1939, a collection of poems by A. Lebedev "Kronstadt" was published, in 1940 - "Lyrics of the Sea". The last years of his life he was published in the newspaper "Red Baltic Fleet" and in the newspaper of the Baltic submariners "Dozor".
On the eve of the war, A. Lebedev graduated from college and was appointed submarine navigator.
On November 29, 1941, the submarine, on which Lieutenant Alexei Lebedev served, ran into a mine while performing a combat mission in the Gulf of Finland. The poet perished along with his ship.
Vsevolod Loboda
Vsevolod Nikolaevich was born in 1915 in Kyiv. His father is a teacher of Russian language and literature, his mother graduated from the conservatory and was an opera singer.
Love for literature manifested itself in Vsevolod in childhood. For ten years he wrote poetry and composed stories. In 1930, Loboda graduated from high school, moved to Moscow and soon went to study at the FZU of the Shchelkovo educational and chemical plant. At the same time, Loboda began to publish.
In 1932-1934, V. Loboda at the Mytishchi Carriage Works edited the large-circulation newspaper "Forge". From September 1934 he worked in the journal "Higher Technical School".
In 1935, Loboda entered the Literary Institute. Gorky. In subsequent years, he collaborated in the journals "Literary Study" and "Bonfire", published articles, wrote poetry.
In the first months of the war, V. Loboda worked on the radio, and then went to the front. He was a machine gunner, artilleryman, fought near Leningrad and Staraya Russa, near Velikiye Luki and in the Baltic. At one time he worked in the divisional newspaper. During the war years, he did not stop writing poems, which were printed in the divisional circulation or kept in the notebooks of friends.
Vsevolod Loboda died on October 18, 1944 in Latvia, near the city of Dobele.
Nikolai Mayorov
Nikolai Petrovich was born in 1919 in the family of an Ivanovo worker. Even at the age of ten he began to write poems, which he read at school evenings, published in the wall newspaper. After graduating from school in Ivanovo, he moved to Moscow and entered the Faculty of History of Moscow State University, and from 1939 he also began to attend a poetry seminar at the Literary Institute. Gorky. He wrote a lot, but rarely published, and then, as a rule, in the university newspaper.
The head of the poetry seminar P. G. Antokolsky wrote about Mayorov: “Nikolai Mayorov did not have to look for himself and his theme. His poetic world was sharply delineated from the very beginning, and he felt his strength in self-restraint. His lyrics, which tell about sincere male love, are organic in this poetic world.
D. Danin, recalling N. Mayorov, a friend of his student years, says: “He knew that he was a poet. And, preparing to become a historian, he first of all asserted himself as a poet. He had a right to it.
Inconspicuous, he was not quiet and unresponsive. He defended his opinions, as he recited poetry: shaking his fist in front of his chest, slightly turned with the back to the opponent, as if the hand was carrying a boxer's glove. He was easily aroused, all rosy. He did not spare other people's vanity and was sharply defined in his assessments of poetry. He did not like long-winded literature in verse, but he adored the earthly materiality of the image. He did not recognize poetry without a flying poetic thought, but he was sure that it was precisely for a reliable flight that she needed heavy wings and a strong chest. So he himself tried to write his poems - earthly, durable, suitable for long-distance flights.
In 1939 and 1940, N. Mayorov wrote the poems "Sculptor" and "Family". Only fragments of them have survived, as well as a few poems from this period. The suitcase with papers and books left by N. Mayorov at the beginning of the war with one of his comrades has not yet been found.
In the summer of 1941, N. Mayorov, together with other Moscow students, digs anti-tank ditches near Yelnya. In October, his request for enlistment in the army was granted.
The political instructor of the machine-gun company Nikolai Mayorov was killed in action near Smolensk on February 8, 1942.
Bagautdin Mitarov
died at the front in 1943 during the liberation of Vinnitsa.
Vytautas Montvila
Vytautas Montvila was born in 1902 in Chicago, where his father, a worker, moved with his family from Lithuania. But the hopes of escaping poverty and unemployment in America did not come true, and a few years before the First World War, the Montvila family returned to their homeland.
After studying for a short time, Vytautas left school and became a shepherd, later a stonemason. In 1924 he entered the Mariampol Teachers' Seminary. Soon the police arrest him for participating in an anti-war demonstration. In a prison cell, Montvila meets revolutionary youth.
Thus begins the hard life of a proletarian and revolutionary - poverty, homelessness, prison.
After Montvila's release, he studied for some time at Kaunas University. But in 1929, he was arrested on suspicion of "anti-state activities", accused of preparing an assassination attempt on Prime Minister Voldemaras, and sentenced to ten years in hard labor. The inter-party squabble of the then masters of Lithuania saves Montvila from a hard labor prison. He becomes a road worker, then a compositor, then a salesman in a bookstore, secretary of the drivers' union ...
On the roads of Lithuania, in a prison cell, in a typesetting shop, Montvila creates his angry poems calling for struggle. Since 1923 they have been printed on the pages of the progressive press. Later, his collections "Nights without an overnight stay" (1931), "On the wide road" (1940) were published.
In spirit, in poetic structure, many of the works of V. Montvila are close to Mayakovsky, whom he translated into Lithuanian. According to Y. Baltushis, Mayakovsky's article "How to make poetry?" served as a "bible" for V. Montvila.
Vytautas Montvila warmly welcomed Lithuania's entry into the family of Soviet republics (1940). And although he did not live long in liberated Lithuania, he considered this period the most fruitful. He became one of the most active, militant Lithuanian poets.
“In these nine months I wrote more than in my entire life,” said V. Montvila, referring to poems about Lenin, about the revolution, about the Red Army, about the Communist Party, created on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. He called his last poetic cycle, uniting these verses, "The Wreath of Soviet Lithuania."
The war found V. Montvila translating Mayakovsky's poem "Good". As soon as the Nazis broke into the Soviet Baltic, they threw Montvila into prison. The poet steadfastly endured inhuman torture. The Nazis did not get any information from him, they did not get him to abdicate. Soon Vytautas Montvila was shot.
Simion Mospan
died at the front in East Prussia.
Varvara Naumova
Varvara Nikolaevna Naumova was born in 1907. After graduating from Leningrad University, she worked in the editorial offices of the Leningrad magazines Literary Study and Zvezda. She was fond of poetry and wrote poetry herself. The first book of poems, written by her in the late 1920s, was published in 1932. It was called "The Drawing". Shortly after the publication of the book, Naumova left Leningrad and, together with a geological exploration expedition, went to the far North, to Tiksi Bay. The two years Naumova spent on the shores of the Arctic Ocean gave her many new topics. Her poems, called "Spring in Tiksi", are covered with the breath of the North.
Upon returning to Leningrad, V. Naumova worked at the Institute of the Peoples of the North, translating the poems of the northerners. In her translations, the poems "Ulgarrikon and Gekdalukkon", "Sulakichan", poems in the collections "The Sun over the Plague", "The North Sings" were published. Her new poems were published in the journals Leningrad, Zvezda and Literary Contemporary. On the eve of the war, V. Naumova was preparing a second book of poems.
In the autumn of 1941, when the fascist hordes reached the walls of Leningrad, V. Naumova, together with hundreds of Leningraders, went to defense work, they became her front.
V. Naumova died at the end of 1941.
In 1961, a collection of the poetess Spring in Tiksi, prepared by her friends, was published in Leningrad.
Evgeny Nezhintsev
Yevgeny Savvich Nezhintsev was born in 1904 in Kyiv. Started working at the age of fifteen. He was a timekeeper, a watchman, a clerk, an assistant locksmith.
Yevgeny Nezhintsev is one of the first workers' correspondents; in 1922, he published the first note in the Kyiv newspaper Proletarskaya Pravda. In the same year, youthful poems by E. Nezhintsev were published.
In 1927, Evgeny Nezhintsev graduated from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute and came to the construction of the Volkhov hydroelectric power station. He wrote and published poetry, was a professional writer, but did not leave his specialty as an electrical engineer. In Kyiv in 1930 his book "Apple Pier" was published, and in 1931 - "The Birth of a Song".
E. Nezhintsev was also engaged in translations. He translated into Russian many works of the classics of Ukrainian literature: T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, M. Kotsyubinsky and modern poets: M. Rylsky, A. Malyshko, P. Usenko, T. Masenko.
Evgeny Savvich Nezhintsev died during the siege of Leningrad on April 10, 1942.
Ivan Pulkin
Ivan Ivanovich Pulkin was born in 1903 into a peasant family in the village of Shishkovo, Moscow Region (not far from Volokolamsk). He finished three classes of the parochial school. It was not possible to study further, and soon he was sent as a boy to a tavern. In 1915 he came to Moscow and entered the printing house as an apprentice compositor. In 1917 he returned to the village, farmed, helped his mother.
After the October Revolution, he joined the rural Komsomol cell. He studied at the political education courses in Volokolamsk, was engaged in propaganda work.
In 1924 he moved to Moscow and joined the editorial office of the newspaper "Young Leninist". He studied at the Higher Literary and Art Institute. Bryusov. In 1929 he worked for the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. From 1930 to 1934 - editor at the State Publishing House of Fiction.
Ivan Pulkin has been in print since 1924. First, in the "Young Leninist", in the magazines "Change", "Komsomoliya", in the "Journal of Peasant Youth"; since the late 1920s - in October, Novy Mir, Izvestia.
In 1934, Pulkin was convicted by the Special Meeting of the NKVD and exiled for 3 years to Western Siberia. There he collaborated in the newspaper Zorkiy Strazh and in the camp newspaper Perekovka. After early release he returned to Moscow. In the prewar years, Ivan Pulkin was a bibliographer at the Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature. Began to be published again in the central editions.
In the early days of the Great Patriotic War, I. Pulkin joined the people's militia. He was wounded in the bombing. Still not recovered, he went to the front. Ivan Pulkin died in December 1941. The date and place of death are unknown.
Samuil Rosin
Samuil Izrailevich Rosin was born in 1892 in the town of Shumyachi, Mogilev province. His father is a carrier. The family lived in poverty, and Rosin did not have to study. He began to work as a painter and at the same time was engaged in self-education, read a lot.
In the early 1920s, Rosin moved to Moscow. At one time he serves as a teacher in an orphanage, and then he devotes himself entirely to literary activity.
Rosin began writing poetry at the age of 14. The first poem "To the day laborer" was published in 1917. In 1919 he published a collection of poems for children "Grandma's Tales", built on folklore material. In the same year, a collection of lyrical poems by the poet "Shells" was published. In subsequent years, Rosin published the poem "Shine" (1922), the collection "To All of Us" (1929), the poem "Sons and Daughters" (1934), the books "Harvest" (1935), "In Love" (1938). With each new book, Rosin improved as a subtle and deep lyricist. Rosin's pre-war poems are full of a premonition of the danger hanging over the country, and the consciousness of his responsibility for everything that happens in the world.
In July 1941, Rosin, along with other Moscow writers, voluntarily joined the ranks of the Soviet Army. He entered the front-line poems in a notebook, which has not been preserved. Samuil Rosin died in heavy defensive battles near Vyazma in the autumn of 1941.
Boris Smolensky
Boris Moiseevich Smolensky was born in 1921 in Novokhopersk, Voronezh Region. From 1921 to 1933 the family lived in Moscow. His father, journalist M. Smolensky, at that time headed a department in Komsomolskaya Pravda, later edited a newspaper in Novosibirsk, where in 1937 he was arrested on slander. Since that time, Boris not only studies, but also works, helping his family.
Interest in poetry in Boris Smolensky appeared early. Since the second half of the 1930s, he has been writing poetry, the main theme of which is the sea, its brave people. True to his theme, Smolensky enters one of the institutes in Leningrad, preparing to become a sea captain. At the same time, he studies Spanish, translates Garcia Lorca, participates in the delivery of a literary composition about K. Marx and F. Engels for the famous reader V. Yakhontov.
In early 1941, Smolensky was drafted into the army. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War - at the front. Front-line poems, as well as a poem about Garcia Lorca, which Smolensky mentions in letters to relatives, perished.
November 16, 1941 Boris Smolensky fell in battle.
During his lifetime, B. Smolensky's poems were not published.
Sergey Spirit
Sergei Arkadyevich Spirit was born in January 1917 in Kyiv. His father is a lawyer, a participant in the First World War.
From the school bench, Sergey was fond of poetry - Russian, Ukrainian, French (from childhood he spoke French). He translated Ukrainian and French poets, he wrote poetry himself.
A capable young man who knew literature well, Sergei Spirit immediately after the seven-year period was admitted to the Russian department of the Faculty of Language and Literature of the Kyiv Pedagogical Institute. After graduating from the institute, he worked as an editor of the literary department at the Kiev Radio and studied in absentia in graduate school. At the same time, he was collecting material for a book about Lermontov that he wanted to write. He also acted as a prose writer and critic.
Spirit's poems were published in the "Kiev Almanac" and the magazine "Soviet Literature", published in Kyiv. By the spring of 1941, Spirit prepared a collection of poems that did not see the light of day due to the start of the war.
On June 24, 1941, Sergei Spirt was summoned to the draft board. He was registered with the military as a translator from French. But translators from French were not required, and Spirit became an ordinary fighter. He died in the summer of 1942.
Georgy Stolyarov - nunknown poet from the Sachsenhausen camp
In 1958, while excavating the territory of the former fascist concentration camp Sachsenhausen (20 kilometers north of Berlin), the foreman of builders Wilhelm Hermann discovered a notebook in the ruins of the barracks that served as the kitchen of the Sondercamp, on the cover of which were the words: “Unforgettable. Poems in captivity. Wilhelm Herman handed over the find to the Soviet officer Senior Lieutenant Molotkov. On December 31, the newspaper of the group of Soviet troops in Germany "Soviet Army" reported about the notebook from Sachsenhausen, which also published several poems. In January 1959, information about the notebook, along with some of the poems, was published in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper. January 14, 1959 - publication in Komsomolskaya Pravda. The editors of Komsomolskaya Pravda undertook a broad search for the author of camp poems. The search involved former prisoners of Sachsenhausen, their friends and relatives, as well as employees of Soviet embassies and Soviet correspondents abroad. Despite all efforts, the name of the author of the poems has not yet been established.
There is an assumption that the notebook contains poems belonging to different authors. This assumption is based mainly on two circumstances: firstly, the verses in the notebook are written in an even, firm handwriting and without blots, and secondly, many verses were known not only to the prisoners of Sachsenhausen, but also to Ravensbrück, Buchenwald and other death camps. The former prisoners name Peter from the Kharkiv region, Victor from Donetsk, Nikolay, Ivan Kolyuzhny and others as possible authors of the poems. read his poems to him. The notebook contains two acrostics containing the names of Anton Parkhomenko and Ivan Kolyuzhny. It can be the authors of poems and friends of the poet.
The notebook is made of checkered paper. Fifty poems are written in clear, small handwriting. The last one is dated January 27, 1945.
Addition from Lilia: “The author is already known - this is a former prisoner of conc. camp Sachsenhausen school teacher Georgy Fedorovich Stolyarov, who later died in the Stalinist camps.
How far this terrible war has gone from us. The children of the war have long reached retirement age, they are already over 70. The grandchildren of the war veterans have also become pensioners or are approaching this threshold. But we must not forget what happened in the forty-first - forty-fifth years. Today I want to remember the poets who died on the fields of the Great Patriotic War. We must not forget the feat of Mussa Jalil, who was tortured to death in fascist dungeons. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Boris Kotov, also a Hero of the Soviet Union, died while crossing the Dnieper. Under Leningrad, Vsevolod Bagritsky remained forever, near Smolensk - Boris Bogatkov, Nikolai Mayorov, near Kiev - Boris Lapin, near Stalingrad - Mikhail Kulchitsky. Mirza Gelovani, Tatul Guryan, Pavel Kogan, Sultan Dzhura, Georgy Suvorov, Mikola Surnachev, Vytautas Montvila, Ali Shogentsukov, Dmitry Vakarov fell heroically… Read the poems of the poets who died in the war. Understand how much we have lost! How much they gave us! Eternal memory to them!
DMITRY VAKAROV
killed by the Nazis in the Dautmergen concentration camp in 1945, he was 25 years old.
Tears are powerless
Tears profuse
Falling into the wilderness.
It flows with them
flies with them
The bitterness of the soul.
tears of the people,
Tears are hot
They are flowing.
Tears of the Motherland
For revenge
We are all called.
Evil is holy
In my heart.
I call
Night and day:
Beat with anything
Hit with an ax!
DAVID KANEVSKY
died in 1944 in an air battle near Budapest, he was 28 years old.
***
You who fell on the battlefield
Not offended by crying, no, -
The last time we walked with you
As if with a living, in the color of years.
You were a tank driver
He connected his fate with fire.
You were killed at dawn
You didn't say goodbye.
We read your will
On a stubborn forehead in the semi-darkness,
And in expanse in an open field
We gave you to the earth.
Wormwood winds, clean rivers,
Flickering poplar wings:
You are a real person
He was a brave man.
1942
BORIS KOSTROV
died of a severe wound received in battle in East Prussia in 1945, he was 33 years old.
Motherland.
noisy,
Boundless like the sea
All your roads lead to the Kremlin.
And in your valleys and on the hills
Labor and Valor
Easily
Live.
You're so,
What you will not find more beautiful
At least go around the whole earth three times.
You are like the sea
No, like our heart
Forever with us
motherland,
In the chest!
1941
ALEXEY LEBEDEV
died in 1941 while performing a combat mission on a submarine in the Gulf of Finland, he was 28 years old.
The sailor lies on the sandy bottom
Blue-green in the dark.
Over the angry ocean
Rumbled a short fight
And here there is no thunder and no rumble ...
Gliding over the muddy sand
Touched by a well-fed shark
Cheeks sailor's fin.
Shrapnel pierced the lungs,
But in the deep blue darkness
Sailor's eyes are open
And pointing straight up.
As if in dead peace
We languish with severe longing,
He remembers the short fight
Regretting that I broke up with him.
1941
NIKOLAI MAYOROV
died in battle in the Smolensk region in 1942, he was 23 years old.
***
I don't know which outpost
Suddenly I will be silent in tomorrow's battle,
Without touching the belated glory,
For which I sing songs.
The expanse of Russia, gave Ukraine,
Dying, I remember ... And again -
The woman you have
I didn't dare to kiss.
1940
***
We are not allowed to quietly rot in the grave -
Lie at attention and open the coffins -
We hear the thunder of early morning firing,
Summon a hoarse regimental trumpet
From the big roads we walked.
We know all the statutes by heart.
What is death to us? We are even higher than death.
In the graves we lined up in a detachment
And we are waiting for a new order. Let it go
They don't think the dead can't hear
When their descendants talk about them.
On the eve of Victory Day, we are publishing an article about the poets who died during the Great Patriotic War.
|
Photo from en.wikipedia.org |
While still a schoolboy, Mayorov began to write poetry. He participated with them in school evenings, published in the wall newspaper. And while studying at the history department of Moscow State University, he becomes a student of a poetic seminar at the Literary Institute. Gorky. Seminar leader P.G. Antokolsky said about Mayorov: "His poetic lyrics, which tell about sincere male love, are organic in this poetic world." In the summer of 1941, together with other students, the poet digs anti-tank ditches near Yelnya. And already in October, he learns that his request for enrollment in the army has been granted. On February 8, 1942, the political instructor of a machine-gun company, Nikolai Mayorov, was killed in battle in the Smolensk region ... We were tall, fair-haired, If it were not for the fight, not the eternal quest (Fragment of the poem "We", date unknown) |
The textbook-reader for students of the 8th grade of the national school is included in a series of textbooks created under the program for schools with native (non-Russian) and Russian (non-native) languages of instruction (grades 4-11) under the guidance of Professor M. V. Cherkezova, and meets the requirements federal component of the state educational standard. The methodological apparatus of the textbook helps to understand the content of the read works more deeply, to determine their artistic originality, and also to intensify the speech activity of students. The completeness of the perception of the world literary process is facilitated by the introduction of a small section into the textbook-reader, including works of foreign literature, which will help students in terms of the dialogue of cultures to compare themes, ideas and artistic images.
 Photo from the site sovsekretno.ru |
Musa Mustafievich Dzhalilov edited the children's magazines "Little Comrades" and "Child of October", participated in the creation of the Tatar State Opera and Ballet Theater, wrote the libretto of two operas for it. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, Musa Jalil headed the Writers' Union of Tatarstan. The poet went to war at the very beginning. He was seriously wounded and taken prisoner in 1942, when he fought on the Volkhov front. In the concentration camp, the poet actively conducted underground work, for which he was severely punished and sent to the fascist Moabit prison. In prison, the poet wrote a cycle of poems that gained fame far beyond the borders of the Motherland. In 1944, the executioners of the Moabit prison executed prisoners, including Musa Jalil. The poet was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Happens sometimes The soul is sometimes very hard. There is no sorrow on your face, not a shadow, Rage, kill - there is no fear. |
 Photo from poezia.ru |
Pavel Kogan was born in Kyiv. In 1922, his family moved to Moscow, from where, while still a schoolboy, he repeatedly set off on foot across Russia to see with his own eyes how the life of the newly collectivized village works. Kogan entered the Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature, and later transferred to the Gorky Literary Institute. Having become a participant in the poetic seminar of I. Selvinsky, Kogan stands out among others as the most gifted poet. His poems are permeated with revolutionary patriotic themes, but at the same time, they are closer to romanticism in literature. During the war, Kogan tries to get to the front, but is refused: for health reasons, he was deregistered. Then the poet decides to enter the courses of military translators. He is first taken as a translator, and then appointed assistant chief of staff of a rifle regiment for reconnaissance. September 23, 1942 Lieutenant Kogan was killed near Novorossiysk. In the field of darkness, in the field of horror - (Fragment of the poem "Star", 1937) |
The textbook is included in a series of books for grades 5-9, providing teaching according to the author's program of literary education. The concept of literary education is based on the study of literature as an art form, the comprehension of a literary work in the unity of content and form, and the identification of the national identity of Russian literature.
 Photo from en.wikipedia.org |
Elena has been writing poetry since childhood. In 1933, she graduated from the literary department of the Rostov Pedagogical Institute, and then from the Gorky Literary Institute. Like many other poets of that era, Shirman was a participant in the literary seminar of I. Selvinsky. During her studies, Elena collaborated with several Rostov editorial offices, was a literary consultant for the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper. From the very beginning of the war, Shirman became the editor of the Rostov newspaper Direct Fire, where her combat satirical poems were published. In July 1942, the poetess died heroically while in one of the districts of the Rostov region as part of the visiting editorial office of the Molot newspaper. Return It will, I know... |
 Photo from livejournal.com |
Iosif Utkin graduated from the Moscow Institute of Journalism. Began to be printed in 1922. The poet's first literary success was brought by The Tale of the Red Motel (1925). About Utkin's collection "The First Book of Poems" A. Lunacharsky said: "... the music of the restructuring of our instruments from a combat mode to a cultural one." The revolutionary pathos and soft lyricism that distinguished Utkin's poems made his poetry so popular in the 1930s. In 1941, the poet goes to the front. After being wounded, he becomes a war correspondent. Iosif Utkin died in a plane crash near Moscow in 1944. After the war, collections of selected poems were repeatedly published, and in the year of his death, the last collection “On the Motherland. About friendship. About love". song Give me goodbye The life of an army man does not indulge, Maybe I'm really bored Or will bring down death under an oak tree. Give ... maybe by chance |
 Photo from en.wikipedia.org |
Boris Kostrov began writing poetry from childhood. Often he read them at school evenings and holidays. In 1933, his poems were first published in the magazines "Cutter" and "Star". The poet enters the Workers Literary University, then works in the editorial office of the newspaper "For the Kolkhoz". In 1941, Kostrov published a book of poems called Zakaznik. From the very beginning of the war, he goes to the front. The poet fought near Leningrad, in Karelia, on the Kalinin front, was wounded three times. After graduating from the tank school, where Kostrov was sent in 1943, he returned to the front with a self-propelled artillery mount. In March 1945, self-propelled gun commander Boris Kostrov was seriously wounded during the assault on Kreutzburg in East Prussia, and three days later he died from his wound in the hospital. After battle Footcloths dry over the pipe, |
The textbook introduces students to selected works of Russian and foreign literature of the XX-XXI centuries in theoretical and critical articles; contributes to the moral and ideological development of the individual; shows the possibilities of using the Internet in solving communicative, creative and scientific tasks. Corresponds to the federal state educational standard of secondary general education (2012).
 Photo from poembook.ru |
Interest in poetry Boris Smolensky appeared in childhood. Since the second half of the 1930s, he has been writing poetry, the main theme of which is sea romance and brave people. Inspired by the sea and heroic deeds, the poet enters one of the institutes of Leningrad, preparing to become a sea captain. At the same time, he is studying Spanish, translating Garcia Lorca. At the beginning of the war, Smolensky was called to the front. In November 1941, the poet fell in battle. The war did not spare his front-line poems and the poem about Garcia Lorca, which he mentioned in his letters to relatives. I very love you. So, goodbye. I very love you. All year long (Fragment of a poem, 1939) |
