home > natural science > Yakut uluses. Uluses (districts) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Abysky ulus

Yakut uluses. Uluses (districts) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Abysky ulus

The word "ulus" is often found in the literature, but many of us often have only a general idea of \u200b\u200bthis concept. Let's try to figure out what it means.

The meaning of the word ulus is plural. This is a tribal association among the population of Central and Central Asia, and an administrative-territorial unit in the eastern and northern parts of tsarist Russia, and a village among some peoples of Central Asia and Siberia. Ulus - part of the most famous of which are the Central Asian Chagatai, the son of Genghis Khan (Chagatai ulus), as well as the Golden Horde. As for modern Russia, these are the villages and villages of Kalmykia and Buryatia, the regions of Yakutia. The most general meaning of the word ulus is a people, a generation. Sometimes you can find the use of this concept in the sense of a class, for example, "hora-ulus" - "mean, black people."

History of uluses

The people who formed the ulus did not establish any boundaries between them, recognizing the steppe as common to all. The Buryats, who moved in the 16th and 17th centuries from Mongolia to Baikal, also settled on the land in large groups of clans and still own it together. The Mongolian and Kalmyk uluses until the end of the 19th century retained the same basic features as in the time of Genghis Khan: each of them formed a nomadic horde ruled by tribal leaders - noyons. They depended on the taisha. The best and largest ulus was owned by the taisha, the less prosperous he gave at the disposal of the hereditary noyons in accordance with their tribal seniority. Their rule was not limited, but was largely regulated by ancient customary law. Its spokesmen and bearers were honorable old men - the best people of the ulus. The internal structure corresponded to the features of tribal life. An ulus is a union that was divided into small tribal groups - khotons, aimaks and edemas. Each of them was under the control of the hereditary oldest ancestor. He was responsible to the noyons or taisha for order and well-being, he maintained the integrity of such a fluid social group as the ulus. Thus, these settlements perfectly organized their defense and were able to attack themselves.

3 main pillars

The tribal nature of the device is reflected in 3 main foundations: 1) tribal solidarity; 2) responsibility; 3) mutual responsibility. Tribal solidarity means the obligatory charity of the poor and mutual assistance. Rich people came to the aid of the poor, sharing with them food, livestock and everything they needed. The gratuitous exchange of services between their members was obligatory. expressed in the fact that, for example, not only the guilty person himself was responsible for the guilt, but also all the clans of the union to which he belonged. In the case when it was impossible to detect, the fine had to be paid to the whole clan or ulus. There was also a cleansing oath, which sometimes completely freed a suspected member of society.

Several similar neighboring uluses formed a clan, or the duties of their members can also be attributed to the offering of gifts to the bride after leaving relatives; Mutual responsibility remained for a long time among the Selenga Buryats in the form of payment for stolen things or cattle. If one or more close relatives swore an oath, certifying the honesty and decency of a suspected person, he was released from punishment.

Recent Changes

However, over the past century, the device of the Buryats has changed quite seriously. The main reasons for this are the spread of Lamaism and arable farming, as well as the mixing of clans. Government measures also contributed to the decomposition of the ancient tribal organization of the Buryats. The ancient law ceased to operate, giving way to new legal relations, in parallel with this, many foundations fell, giving the ulus strength and unity.

Yakutia

The uluses of Yakutia are located in northeastern Siberia and have a common border with the Magadan region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

At the moment, this territory has 32 uluses (including 3 national ones). Let's take a closer look at some of them.

Namsky ulus

This ulus, located in Central Yakutia, covers an area of 11.9 thousand km. The largest river is the Lena, with many tributaries. It is known that within the current borders, this ulus was formed on February 10, 1930. Pyotr Beketov erected a prison and founded the city of Yakutsk. In the Namsky district, they have been raising cattle for a long time. Most of the people settled in the lowland part of the valley, the rest along the alas and near the taiga rivers. Their main occupation already in the 17th century was cattle breeding. Agriculture as such did not exist until 1804. Namsky ulus in ancient times was similar to many other parts of Yakutia. If a person fell ill, they turned to healers and shamans. In the old days, this ulus existed in the absence of medical institutions on a scientific basis.

Khangalassky ulus

This ulus has a huge tourist and recreational potential, in particular, unique natural complexes, flora and fauna, untouched nature. All this is of great interest to tourists. Khangalassky ulus, located in central Yakutia, covers an area of 24.7 thousand square kilometers and is represented by more than 50 nations and nationalities. The administrative center is the city of Pokrovsk.

In conclusion, I would like to supplement the article with etymology. From Fasmer's dictionary, we learn that an ulus is a "nomad camp" and a "row of straight fields." In some sources, these are "state-owned forests provided for the use of peasants."

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Srednekolymsky ulus
Srednekolymsky ulus (district) was formed on May 25, 1930. It is located in the north-east of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area - 125.2 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center is the city of Srednekolymsk, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2664 km, by water - 3940 km, by air - 1485 km. Flat relief prevails. A significant part of the ulus is occupied by the Kolyma lowland. In the west - the Alazeya plateau, in the east - the Yukagir plateau. The average January temperature is -38 ° C, July +12 "C. Precipitation falls annually from 150-200 mm in the north to 250-300 mm in the east. Large rivers are the Kolyma with tributaries pp. Berezovka, Kamenka, Alazeya. There are many lakes, the largest of them are Pavylon, Balyma, etc. Ulus has deposits of building materials.
The administrative center is the city of Srednekolymsk. There are 14 settlements, including 1 city, 13 rural settlements. n., 9 naslegs. According to the data for 1989, the population is 9.4 thousand people, including urban - 4.4, rural - 5.0. At present, the permanent population is 9.5 thousand people, including urban - 4.3, rural - 5.2 (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.08 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (73.7%). Russians (17.3%), Evens (3.9%), Evenks (0.3%), and other nationalities (4.5%) also live here. The average age of the population is 30 years.
The basis of the economy is agriculture (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, reindeer breeding, fur farming) and crafts (fur and fish). Agricultural land is 28.7 thousand hectares, of which hayfields 56.2%, pastures 43.8%. In the ulus there are state farms - "Alazeysky", "Svataysky", the stud farm "Aleko-Kyuelsky", collective agricultural enterprises, peasant farms, including communal-tribal ones. The industry is represented by local enterprises. Transport links are supported by river and air modes of transport. Pier on the river. Kolyma - Srednekolymsk, Lobuya. The public service ulus factory, printing house, club institutions, folk theater, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Tattinsky ulus
TATTINSKY ulus (district) was formed on March 25, 1930. It received its modern name after the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Yakut ASSR dated March 19, 1990 on the renaming of the former Alekseevsky ulus (district) into Tattinsky ulus (district). This decision was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of August 6, 1990 No. 125-I. Located in Central Yakutia. Area - 19.0 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Ytyk-Kyuyol, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 256 km, by air - 255 km. The flat relief prevails - the Central Yakut Plain, in the south - the Prilenskoye Plateau. The average temperature in January is 42 ... - 44 °С, in July +18 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large rivers are Aldan and Amga. Ulus has deposits of coal and common minerals.
Administrative center with. Ytyk-Kyuyol. Settlements - 15, settlements - 14. According to the data for 1989, the population is 16.0 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 17.7 thousand people. (01.01.1999). Population density 0.93 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (95.2%). Russians (2.3%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (0.3%), and other nationalities (1.9%) also live here. The average age of the population is 28 years.
Agriculture plays a leading role in the economy - meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding. Potatoes, vegetables, fodder crops are cultivated. Agricultural land is 86.2 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 4.0%, hayfields - 48.4%, pastures - 47.6%. In the ulus there are collective enterprises, agricultural firms "Kharbalakh" and them. P. Alekseeva, peasant farms. Local industries. Transport communications - automobile, river and air. Pier on the river. Aldan - Bulun, on the river. Amga - Harbalakh. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a vocational school, general education and music schools, and museums. Health and trade institutions.

Tomponsky ulus
TOMPON ulus (district) was formed on May 20, 1931. It is located in the east of the republic. The area is 135.8 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Khandyga, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 449 km, by water - 642 km, by air - 370 km. The mountain relief prevails. Ridges - Verkhoyansky, Sette-Daban, Suntar-Khayata, Rocky. In the north of the ulus is the Elga Plateau. The average temperature in January is from -38 °С in the mountains to -42 °С in the river valleys, in June +10 °С in the mountains and +17 °С in the river valleys. Precipitation falls in the year 250-300 mm. Large rivers - Aldan (with numerous tributaries - pp. Tompo, Khandyga, etc.), the upper reaches of the river. Adychi. Ulus has deposits of tin, tungsten, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, molybdenum, gold, silver, coal, gypsum, marble and other minerals.
The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Khandyga. Settlements - 16, including 14 rural settlements. p., 2 p. P.; 8 naslegs, 2 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 23.0 thousand people, including urban - 13.3, rural - 9.7. At present, the permanent population is 18.0 thousand people, including urban - 9.8, rural - 8.2 (01.01.1999). The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (57.1%). Sakhas (21.8%), Evens (3.2%), Evenks (0.4%), and other nationalities (17.5%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.
The leading place in the economy is occupied by industry - coal mining, production of building materials, meat and dairy production, local industry enterprises. In the ulus there are state farms - them. hero F. Okhlopkov, Pravda, peasant farms, including one tribal community. The main branch of agriculture is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, fur farming and reindeer breeding). Agricultural land is 37.2 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 6.9%, hayfields - 16.9%, pastures - 76.2%. Potatoes and vegetables are cultivated. The fur trade is developing. For the implementation of transport links, the most important are river, road and air modes of transport. Pier on the river. Aldan - Khandyga, Dzhebariki-Khaya, Krest-Khaldzhai. The public service ulus plant, printing house, club institutions, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Ust-Aldansky ulus

UST-ALDAN ulus (district) was formed on January 9, 1930. It is located in Central Yakutia. The area is 18.3 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Borogontsy, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 127 km, by air - 110 km. The relief is flat. Most of the ulus is located within the Central Yakut Plain. The average temperature in January is 42 °С, in July +17...+18 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm per year. Large rivers - Lena, Aldan. There are many lakes, the largest of them are Myuryu, Oner, Targyldzhyma. Ulus has deposits of brown coal and building materials.

Administrative center with. Borogons. Settlements - 35, settlements - 21. According to the 2002 census, the population is 22.4 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 22.9 thousand people. (01.01.2006). The population density is 1.22 people per sq. km. km. The main part of the population is Sakha.
The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding). Potatoes, vegetables and cereals are cultivated. There are agricultural enterprises and peasant farms in the ulus. There is JSC "Legoy", producing meat and dairy products, individual enterprises for the manufacture of furniture, the production of agricultural products. Transport links support road and river transport. Pier on the river. Lena - Ogorodtakh, on the river. Aldan - Dygdal. At the service of the population of the MU Interschool educational production plant, engaged in the provision of personal services to the population, a printing house, club institutions, museums, general education and music schools, health care and trade institutions. In with. Sottintsy there is a vocational school No. 19, the Lensky Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve "Friendship".

Ust-Maysky ulus
UST-MAYSKY ulus (district) was founded on May 20, 1931. It is located in the east of the republic. The area is 95.3 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of Ust-Maya, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 382 km, by air - 310 km. The relief is mountainous. Ridges - Rocky, Sette-Daban, Kyllakhsky, Ulakhan-Bom; Uchur-May Highland. The average temperature in January is from -40 °С in the northeast to -42 °С in the southwest; July from +14 °С in the mountains to +16 °С in the river valleys. Precipitation falls annually from 250-300 mm. up to 400-500 mm. A large river is the Aldan (with tributaries May, Allah-Yun, etc.). Ulus has deposits of gold, lead, zinc, rare metals, building materials.
The administrative center of the ulus was repeatedly transferred from one settlement to another. Currently, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) dated February 23, 1992 “On the transfer of the administrative center of the Ust-Maisky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)”, the administrative center of the Ust-Maisky ulus (district) from the r.p. Solnechny moved to r.p. Ust-May. In total, in the ulus, according to data as of 01/01/1999, there are 20 settlements, including 12 rural settlements. p., 7 p. n., 5 naslegs, 7 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 20.9 thousand people, including urban - 16.8, rural - 4.1. At present, the permanent population is 15.5 thousand people, including urban - 12.2, rural - 3.3 (01.01.1999). Population density 0.16 people. per square meter km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (64.2%). Sakhas (7.1%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (9.3%), and other nationalities (19.2%) also live here. The average age of the population is 33 years.
The leading place in the economy is occupied by industry - gold mining, logging, enterprises for the repair of mining and road equipment, local industry, and the production of building materials. Agriculture is of secondary importance. Dairy and meat cattle breeding is developed, potatoes and vegetables are cultivated, and fur trade is carried out. Agricultural land is 28.1 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 1.6%, hayfields - 61.1%, pastures - 36.5%. In the ulus there are state farms - "Kyupsky", "Ust-Maysky", associations of peasant farms - "Petropavlovsk", "Troitsa", "Taiga", peasant farms, including one communal-clan "Ezhansky". Transport links - river, road, air. Pier on the river. Aldan - Eldikan, Ust-Maya, Belkachi, Ust-Mil, on the river. Yudoma - Yugoryonok, Ust-Yudoma. The public service ulus plant, printing house, club institutions, museums, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Ust-Yansky ulus
UST-YANSKY ulus (district) was founded on January 5, 1967. It is located in the north of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. The area is 120.3 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Deputatsky, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2068 km, by air - 1025 km. The relief is mountainous and flat. The northern part of the ulus is occupied by the Yano-Indigirskaya lowland. The southern part is occupied by ridges - Selennyakhsky, Irgichinsky and others, Momo-Selennyakhskaya depression. The average temperature in January is 32…-40 °С, in July from +4 °С in the north to +12 °С in the south. Precipitation falls in the year 150-200 mm. in the north and 250-300 mm. south. Large rivers are Yana, Omoloy, Chondon, etc. There are many lakes, the largest of them are Bustakh, Orotko. Ulus has deposits of gold, tin, tungsten, mercury, lead, zinc, brown coal.
The administrative center of the ulus is the urban-type settlement Deputatsky. Settlements - 11, including 7 rural settlements. p., 4 p. P.; 7 naslegs, 4 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 42.9 thousand people, including urban - 35.9, rural - 7.0 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 16.2 thousand people, including urban - 11.8, rural - 4.4 (01.01.99). Population density 0.13 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (58.7%). Sakhas (8.7%), Evens (2.2%), Evenks (0.1%), and other nationalities (30.3%) also live here. The average age of the population is 33 years.
Industry occupies a leading place in the economy - mining of gold, tin, workshops for the repair of mining and road equipment, the production of building materials, a fish factory, and local industry enterprises. In agriculture, the main branches are reindeer breeding and fur farming. Agricultural land is 4.1 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 46.7%, pastures - 53.3%. Fur and fisheries are developed. the ulus has a state farm "Tumatsky", a collective enterprise "Omoloyskoe", peasant farms, including communal-tribal ones. Transport links are diverse and are provided by several main modes of transport: water (river and sea), air, road (used seasonally). Pier on the river. Yana - Nizhneyansk, Ust-Kuyga, Kular, Cossack, Ust-Yansk. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, general education, music and sports schools. Health and trade institutions.

Churapchinsky ulus
CHURAPCHINSKY ulus (district) was formed on March 25, 1930. It is located in Central Yakutia. Area 12.6 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Churapcha, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 177 km, by air - 180 km. The relief is flat. Most of the ulus is located on the Prilensky plateau. The average temperature in January is 42 °С, in July +16…+17 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large river - Amga. Lots of lakes, mostly small ones. The largest lake is Churapcha. Ulus has deposits of building materials (loam, clay, gravel-sand material, sand).
The administrative center of the ulus with. Churapcha. Settlements - 29, settlements - 17. According to the 1989 census, the population is 18.4 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 19.4 thousand people. (01.01.99). Population density 1.52 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (97.0%). Russians (1.5%), Evens (0.3%), Evenks (0.4%), and other nationalities (0.8%) also live here. The average age of the population is 29 years.
The basis of the economy is agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, fur farming). Agricultural land is 134.1 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 6.7%, hayfields - 33.4%, pastures - 60.0%. Cereals, potatoes, vegetables are cultivated. In the ulus there are state farms named after. Suburussky, them. Erilika Eristina, collective enterprises, Mugudaisky stud farm, associations of peasant farms, Notora inter-farm association. The industry on processing page - x. raw materials, local industries. The automobile, river and air modes of transport that have received the greatest development in the ulus make it possible to maintain transport links. Pier on the river. Amga - Myndagay. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, folk theaters, a vocational school, general education, music and sports schools. Health and trade institutions.

Eveno-Bytantaisky National Ulus
EVENO-BYTANTAYSKY national ulus (district) is the youngest in terms of time of formation of those currently existing in the republic. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic dated April 21, 1989, the Eveno-Bytantai national ulus (district) was separated and formed from the Verkhoyansk ulus (district) with the administrative center in the village. Batagay-Alyta. This decision was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of August 16, 1989 No. 12373-XI. It is located in the north of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area 55.6 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Batagai-Alyta, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 1120 km, by air - 850 km. The relief is mountainous. Most of the ulus is occupied by the low and middle mountains of the Verkhoyansk chain, as well as part of the Yano-Indigirka highlands. The average temperature in January is from -36 °С to -48 °С, in July +16 ... +17 °С. Precipitation falls annually from 150-200 mm. up to 250-300 mm. The headwaters of numerous tributaries of the large rivers Lena and Yana (Omola, Nimingde, Undyulung, etc.) originate in the ulus. Ulus has deposits of diamonds and brown coal.
The administrative center of the ulus with. Batagay-Alyta. Settlements - 4 (all of them rural), settlements - 3. The population according to the data for 1989 is 2.6 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 2.9 thousand people. (01.01.99). Population density 0.05 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (37.0%). Russians (27.8%), Evens (2.4%), Evenks (9.4%), Yukagirs (0.2%), Chukchi (0.1%) and other nationalities (23.1%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.
Agriculture plays a leading role in the economy. Its main branches are reindeer breeding, meat herd horse breeding and fur trade. 10% of the deer population of the republic is concentrated in the ulus. In the ulus there are state farms "Leninsky" and "Bggantaisky", the community "Dzhargalakh", as well as tribal Even communities "Tyugas" and "Lybalakh". Local industries. Transport communication both within the ulus and outside it is predominantly air. At the service of the population is the ulus complex of public services, club institutions, a folk theater, general education and music schools. Health and trade institutions.

Neryungri
THE CITY OF REPUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE NERYUNGRI with subordinate territories as a special administrative-territorial unit was formed on November 6, 1975. It is located in the south of the republic. Area 93.0 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the city of Neryungri, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 818 km, by air - 670 km. The relief is mountainous. Most of it is occupied by the Aldan Highlands, in the south - by the Stanovoy Range. The average temperature in January is 30…-34 °С, in July +12…+14 °С. Precipitation falls annually from 400-500 mm. up to 600 mm. and more in the mountains. Large rivers - Aldan with tributaries Timpton, Chulman, etc. Large lake - Big Toko. On the territory under consideration there are deposits of coal, iron ore, gold, molybdenum, rare metals, semiprecious raw materials, building materials.
The administrative center of the city of Neryungri. There are 9 settlements, including 1 city, 2 rural settlements, 6 rural settlements, 2 naslegs, 6 village administrations. The population according to the data for 1989 is 120.2 thousand people, including urban - 117.3, rural - 2.9. At present, the permanent population is 107.9 thousand people, including urban - 106.0, rural - 1.9 (01.01.99). Population density 1.09 people per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (72.5%). Sakhas (1.3%), Evenks (0.8%), and other nationalities (25.4%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.
On the territory of the City Council, a territorial production complex for the extraction of coking coal, the Neryungrinsky coal mine, an enrichment plant, the Neryungrinsky State District Power Plant, a house-building plant, the production of building materials, a plant for the repair of mining equipment and road equipment are being developed. The share of the city of Neryungri accounts for 97% of the mined coal, 24% of gold. There is a railway line BAM-Tynda-Berkakit-Ugolnaya. Railway stations - Berkakit, Zolotinka, Neryungri-Ugolnaya, Neryungri-Passenger. The City Council includes the Zolotinka reindeer-breeding and commercial state farm, the Neryungrinsky and Energostroitel state farms, and peasant farms. Transport links - railway (Small BAM), road (Amur-Yakutsk mainline), air. At the service of the population are trade and consumer services enterprises, a printing house, club institutions, museums, vocational schools, branches of the Novosibirsk Institute “Sibgiproshakht” and the Yakutsk State University. M. K. Ammosov, general education, music, sports and art schools, sports complexes, stadiums. Health and trade institutions.

Sakha - this is how the locals call their country or Yakutia in the northeastern part of Siberia, a republic is located, an area equal to five France, is the largest administrative unit on our planet.

History of Yakutia

The history of this amazing region begins at the end of the 16th century: then the conquest of the Ural Mountains and the Lena River by Russian industrialists and ordinary peasants began. The Cossack centurion Pyotr Beketov undertook to finally approve the generous territories for the Russian state, who in 1632 laid the Yakut prison on the right bank of the Lena.

It was from this time that the intensive development of the region began, which in 1851 received the status of an independent region. Yakutsk became its center. Today, this city remains the "heart" of the Republic of Sakha, where the past and present are harmoniously intertwined.

Despite the small population (304 thousand people), Yakutsk is a large administrative center with a developed infrastructure.

Ten museums, several theatres, nine institutions of higher education. And thanks to its location on the Lena River, Yakutsk is also a significant port city.

But it would not be entirely correct to designate a time period of 400 years in the history of the Republic of Sakha, since the indigenous inhabitants of Yakutia settled there long before the official approval of the state on the geographical map of the world.

Various archaeological finds give historians the right to give figures from 300 thousand to 3 million years ago as the time of settlement of this territory.

The ancestors of the Yakuts are the Turkic-speaking tribes, the Mongol-speaking Khori and Tungus. This shift has led to the emergence of a unique nation, whose culture is multifaceted and unique. Traditions that originated many millennia ago have not lost their relevance today.

Lena river

The Lena River, by the way, is the fourth longest in the world, and its width in some places is so great that it is not possible to see the opposite bank. Its features include the fact that it does not freeze like all rivers - from the upper to the lower reaches, but vice versa.

It is believed that Lena got her name from the Eveno-Evenki language, in which she was called "Elu-Ene", which translates as " big river».

Culture and folklore

The veneration of sacred objects is characteristic of the Yakut culture. The most indicative objects are hitching posts (serge). They were used for various rituals. The hitching post is a pole with a certain profile, which has depressions and thickenings. Some serge have branches at the top, which makes them look like trees.

Sacred plants are also honored in Yakutia, in which, according to religion, the spirit of the earth Aan Dar-khan Khotun lives. Rituals dedicated to the deity are held near these trees in the spring. The tree is decorated with ribbons, it is sprinkled with koumiss - the spirit must certainly respond to requests for wealth and prosperity.

The Yakut folklore also mentions other natural objects with magical properties. These are passes (aartyk) and river cliffs. During their crossing, the Yakuts perform a sacrifice to the master spirits, which must certainly make a person happy. Sacred objects in Yakutia are places of shamanic initiation. The teacher and shaman candidate must climb the Jokuo mountain range.

During the ascent, the teacher instructs the candidate and shows the roads leading to the sources of human diseases. And not every applicant after that becomes a shaman. The originality of the Yakut people can be traced in numerous historical and cultural monuments. It is natural that most of them are connected with the geographical features of the republic.

It is worth starting your acquaintance with the local flora and fauna with a visit to the Ust-Lensky Reserve, which is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful and largest in the territory of the Russian Federation - its area is 32,000 km 2. A harsh polar climate prevails there - in winter the temperature can drop to -53 ° C, although during the warm season, which, however, lasts only 2 months, the air becomes warm in summer - up to 30 ° C.

Meanwhile, the polar night, which lasts about 80 days, allows you to enjoy one of the most unique natural phenomena - the northern lights.

Reserved places of Yakutia

Biologists show particular interest in the Ust-Lensky Reserve, and tourists from different countries come there to immerse themselves in pristine nature.

Rare species of birds, mammals, including marine ones, live there in complete harmony with unique plants and lichens.

No less amazing creation of nature is located on the right bank of the Lena River. The majestic rocks, called the Lena Pillars, stretch for a long 40 kilometers. The attention of travelers and archaeologists has always been attracted by rock paintings, which can be used to study different milestones in the history of the Yakut people.

In the very north of Yakutia, it has found its refuge. It was discovered in 1970, when a research group consisting of N.K. Vereshchagin, B.S. Rusanov and P.A. Lazarev stumbled upon the remains of many long-extinct animals that once lived there: woolly rhinoceros, bison, cave lion, wolverine. But most of the archaeological finds are the bones of mammoths. It is assumed that the "cemetery" arose as a result of the ancient hunters driving animals into the ice, many of which simply drowned in the lake.

Districts of Yakutia

Abyisky ulus (district) - Belaya Gora
Aldan region - Aldan
Allaikhovsky ulus (district) - Chokurdakh
Amginsky ulus (district) - Amga
Anabar national (Dolgan-Evenki) ulus (district) - Saskylakh
Bulunsky ulus (district) - Tiksi
Verkhnevilyuisky ulus (district) - Verkhnevilyuisk
Verkhnekolymsky district - Zyryanka
Verkhoyansky district - Batagay
Vilyuysky ulus (district) - Vilyuysk
Mountain ulus - Berdigestakh
Zhigansky ulus - Zhigansk
Kobyaysky ulus (district) - Sangar
Lensky district - Lensk
Megino-Kangalassky ulus - Nizhny Bestyakh
Mirny district - Mirny
Momsky district - Khonuu
Namsky ulus - Namtsy
Neryungri district - Neryungri
Nizhnekolymsky district - Chersky
Nyurbinsky district - Nyurba
Oymyakonsky ulus (district) - Ust-Nera
Olenyok Evenk national region - Olenyok
Olekminsk district - Olekminsk
Srednekolymsky ulus (district) - Srednekolymsk
Suntarsky ulus (district) - Suntar
Tattinsky ulus - Ytyk-Kyuyol
Tomponsky district - Khandyga
Ust-Aldansky ulus (district) - Borogontsy
Ust-Maisky ulus (district) - Ust-Maya
Ust-Yansky ulus (district) - Deputatsky
Khangalassky ulus - Pokrovsk
Churapchinsky ulus (district) - Churapcha
Eveno-Bytantaisky national ulus (district) - Batagay-Alyta

Conclusion and a little mysticism

Yakutia is also full of mysteries, the answers to which are still unknown. One of these amazing phenomena is the Valley of Death, also known as Vilyui boilers. The daredevils who decided to spend the night in the valley noted that the temperature inside the boiler is so high that no severe frost is terrible in it. But here's what's interesting: after visiting the valley, these brave men were destined for a terrible fate: suffering from serious illnesses, they quickly died.

There are many versions regarding the Vilyui cauldrons: their appearance is associated both with an alien base and with the entrance to hellish dungeons. Although there is a banal, devoid of otherworldly overtones, explanation.

The valley of death is nothing but a place where the wreckage of spaceships fell. Yakutia literally breathes history, while harmoniously existing in the present. And her future, apparently, is no less impressive.

Photos of Yakutia

Uluses (districts) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Abyskiy ulus

The Abyisky ulus was formed on May 25, 1930. Territory 69.4 thousand square meters. km. It borders on Allaikhovsky, Srednekolymsky, Verkhnekolymsky, Momsky and Ust-Yansky uluses. The population of the Abyisky ulus is 4.6 thousand people. The indigenous people are Sakha and Evens. The navigable river Indigirka flows through the territory of the ulus. Its length is 1726 km, the basin area is 360 thousand square meters. km. The Indigirka flows into the East Siberian Sea. There are thousands of lakes in the ulus, the largest of them is Ozhogino, which occupies the 5th place in terms of area among the lakes of Yakutia. The lakes and rivers of the ulus are rich in fish. They are home to more than 30 species of fish: sturgeon, nelma, peled, whitefish, pike, burbot and others. Hundreds of birds, about 70 species of mammals. Arctic fox, sable, ermine, fox, muskrat have valuable fur. The relief of the ulus is varied: there is a flat area with coniferous and deciduous wood, and mountain ranges, and a tundra plane. The climate is sharply continental, the average temperature in January is -40.7 degrees, in July - +14 degrees. During the year, 218 mm of precipitation falls in the form of rain and snow.

The main branch of modern Abyy is agricultural production: animal husbandry
, horse breeding, reindeer breeding, cage fur farming, fur hunting and fishing. The large transport enterprise of the ulus is the Belogorsk river port. The port is equipped with a powerful earth-moving vessel, motor ships, lighters, tugboats, and has sufficient crane facilities. The development of aviation in the ulus began in 1955. Today, the airport serves all settlements of the ulus, provides communication with neighboring uluses and the city of Yakutsk. In 1977, a television center began to operate. Today, space communications are functioning, providing telephone, modem, and fax communications. ATS of the ulus has about two thousand subscribers; stable telephone and radio communication has been established with all settlements.

The ulus has a central ulus hospital with a polyclinic, a hospital, and a traditional medicine center. There are 5 district hospitals, an anti-tuberculosis dispensary, a center for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, and a pharmacy. The Central Ulus Hospital is equipped with imported medical equipment and diagnostic equipment. Residents of the Abyisky ulus can spend their leisure time in 5 houses of culture; Libraries and sports halls work in all settlements. The administrative center is the village of Belaya Gora, where 2463 people live. In Belaya Gora there is a secondary school, a gymnasium, a children's creativity center, an art school, 3 kindergartens, a youth sports school, an ulus library, a printing house, a television studio, and a food processing plant.

Aldan ulus

ALDAN ulus (district) was formed on May 5, 1930. It is located in the south of the republic. The area is 156.8 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center is the city of Aldan, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 534 km, by air - 470 km. The ulus contains natural resources of significant economic importance, in particular, rich deposits of gold, silver, platinum, molybdenum, mining and non-ferrous raw materials, granite, marble and other minerals. The administrative center of the ulus is the city of Aldan. There are 22 settlements in the ulus, including 12 rural, 2 cities of ulus significance, 8 settlements, 4 naslegs. According to the 1989 census, the population is 63.9 thousand people, including urban - 54.8, rural - 9.1. At present, the permanent population is 53.4 thousand people, including urban - 48.8, rural - 4.6 (as of 01.01.99). Population density - 0.34 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (77.4%). Sakhas (3.9%), Evenks (3.0%), Evens (0.4%) and other nationalities (15.3%) also live here. The average age of the population is 33 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by the mining industry - the extraction of gold, mica, there is the production of building materials, mechanical repair and motor transport enterprises, woodworking, jewelry, food industries. The share of the Aldan ulus accounts for 30% of the mined gold, 2% of the industrial production of the republic. In the ulus, state farms: "Aldansky" - reindeer breeding and commercial, "Drummer", "Pyatiletka", "Uchursky" have meat and dairy production with additional industries (vegetable growing and meat herd horse breeding). Agricultural land is 8.9 thousand hectares, of which arable land occupies 21.2%, hayfields - 44.4%. In addition, there are tribal communities in the ulus, including the tribal ethnic collective enterprise “Ugun”, which leads the traditional sectors of the economy - reindeer breeding and crafts (fur), peasant farms. Transport communications are carried out mainly along the Amur-Yakutsk highway, air and river transport also play a significant role. The main piers on the river. Aldan is Tommot and Chagda. The construction of the railway is underway, which has now crossed over the railway bridge in the area of the city of Tommot to the left bank of the river. Aldan.

Public service complexes, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a polytechnic school, a medical school, a vocational school, general education and music schools, and boarding schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Allaikhovsky ulus

ALLAIHOVSKY ulus (district) was formed on May 20, 1931. It is located in the north-east of the republic beyond the North Polar steep. The area is 107.3 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Chokurdakh, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2700 km, by water - 2830 km, by air - 1290 km. Most of the ulus is occupied by the Yano-Indigirskaya and Kolyma lowlands, in the south - the Polusny ridge, the Ulakhan-Sis ridge, in the east - the Kondakovskaya Upland. The average temperature in January is 32 ... - 38 °С, in July from +4 °С in the north to +12 °С in the south. Precipitation falls 150-200 mm. in year. Large rivers - Indigirka with numerous tributaries, pp. Allaikha, Berelekh, Shandrin and others, as well as the river. Chrome. There are many lakes, the largest of them are Mogotoevo, Ozhogino, Bakul, Soluntakh and others. The Ulus has deposits of tin, gold, semiprecious raw materials. The reserves of fossil mammoth bone are unique.

The administrative center of the ulus is the urban-type settlement of Chokurdakh. Settlements 7, including 6 - rural, 1 working settlement; 5 naslegs. According to the 1989 census, the population was 5.4 thousand people, including urban - 3.9, rural - 1.5 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 4.5 thousand people, including urban - 3.4, rural - 1.1 (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.04 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (44.6%). Sakha (30%), Evens (10.1%), Yukagirs (1.8%), Chukchi (0.5%), Evenki (0.3%) and other nationalities (12.7%) also live here. The average age of the population is 32 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture (reindeer breeding) and crafts (fur and fish). Agricultural land is 636 hectares, of which hayfields - 97%. There are peasant farms in the region, including communal-tribal ones. Fish factory. The leading transport links are water and air. Pier on the river. Indigirka - Chokurdakh, Olenegorsk, Polyarnaya. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, general education and music schools, and a local history museum. Health and trade institutions.

Amginsky ulus

AMGINSKY ulus (district) was founded on January 9, 1930. It is located in the southeast of Central Yakutia. Area 29.4 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Amga, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 201 km, by water - 1036 km, by air - 200 km. The relief is flat - the Prilenskoe plateau. The average temperature in January is from -38 °С in the south to -42 °С in the north, in July +16…+18 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large river - Amga. The ulus has stocks of building materials, including: loam, clay, gravel-sand material, sand.

The administrative center of the ulus with. Amga. Settlements - 20, settlements - 14. The population in 1989 was 15.6 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 17 thousand people. (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.58 people. per sq. km. The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture. The main industry is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding), grains, potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops are cultivated. Agricultural land is 106 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 17.5%, hayfields - 44.2%, pastures - 38.3%. There are collective farms and enterprises in the ulus: Bologursky, Kharachaan, Pobeda, Altai, Betyunsky, Somorsun, Amginsky. In addition, there is a pilot production enterprise "Myandiginskoe". The collective agricultural company "Elyasin" operates in the ulus for processing and marketing agricultural products, peasant farms, including communal and tribal ones. There is a meat and dairy plant, local industry enterprises. Transport communications - automobile, river and air. Pier on the river. Amga - Amga, Abaga, Pokrovka, Betyuntsy.

At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a vocational school, general education and music schools, and museums. Health and trade institutions.

Anabar National Ulus

ANABARSKY ulus (district) was formed on December 30, 1930. It is located in the extreme north-west of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area 55.6 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Saskylakh, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2621 km, by water - 2835 km, by air - 1285 km. The relief is flat. The main part of the ulus is located on the eastern outskirts of the North Siberian lowland, in the northeast - the Pronchishchev ridge. The average temperature in January is from -34°С in the north to -36°С in the south, in July from +4°С in the north to +10°С in the south. Precipitation falls 150-200 mm. in year. Large rivers - Anabar, Uele. Large lake - Sappia. Ulus has diamond deposits; hydrocarbon raw materials, mainly brown coal.

The administrative center of the ulus with. Saskylakh. Settlements 4, settlements 3. Population in 1989 - 4.0 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 3.7 thousand people. (01.01.1999). Population density 0.07 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (37.0%). Russians (27.8%), Evenks (9.4%), Evens (2.4%), Yukagirs (0.2%), Chukchi (0.1%) and other nationalities (23.1%) also live here. The average age of the population is 29 years.

The basis of the economy is reindeer breeding and hunting. 10% of the deer population of the republic is concentrated in the ulus. In the ulus there are state farms - "Anabarsky" and "Northern", the tribal community "Udzha", the peasant farm "Buol-Kalakh". There is a mining facility for diamond mining. Communication with other uluses of the republic is carried out by air and water transport. Pier on the river. Anabar - Saskylakh and Yuryung-Khaya. The public service ulus factory, printing house, club institutions, folk theater, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Bulunsky ulus

BULUNSKY ulus (district) was formed on December 10, 1930. It is located in the north of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. The area is 223.6 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Tiksi, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 1694 km, by water - 1703 km, by air - 1270 km. The relief is mountainous and flat. In the east - the Kharaulakhsky ridge (northern spurs of the Verkhoyansk ridge), in the west - the Chekanovsky ridge, the Kystyk plateau, in the north - the North Siberian lowland. The average temperature in January is from -32°С in the north to -40°С in the southwest, in July from +4°С in the north to +14°С in the south. Precipitation falls in the year 150-200 mm. in the north and 250-300 mm. on South. Large rivers - Lena (lower reaches), Olenyok (lower reaches). Numerous lakes in the Lena delta. Ulus has deposits of gold, diamonds, hard and brown coal, gypsum, anhydrite.

The administrative center of the ulus is the urban-type settlement of Tiksi. Settlements 13, including 11 rural settlements, 2 workers' settlements; 7 naslegs. The population in 1989 was 17.6 thousand people, including urban - 12.6, rural - 5.0. The number of resident population as of 01.01.99, thousand. people, including urban - 6.7, rural - 4.3. Population density 0.05 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (53.1%). Sakha (13.9%), Evenks (11.8%), Evens (2.2%), and other nationalities (19.0%) also live here. The average age of the population is 32 years.

The ulus occupies a prominent place in the transport links of the republic. The village of Tiksi is the sea gate of Yakutia. Agriculture is represented by reindeer breeding, fish and fur trade. 7.6% of the deer population of the republic is concentrated in the ulus. In the region there are state farms - "Bulunsky", "Taimyrsky", "Primorsky", "Borogonsky" and the collective farm "Arktika", a peasant economy, tribal communities. There is a fish factory and industrial enterprises of local importance. Water (sea and river) and air modes of transport determine the transport links of the ulus with other regions of the republic and the country. Pier on the river. Lena - Siktyakh, Kyusyur, Chekurovka, Tit-Ary and Bykovsky, on the river. Olenyok - Taymylyr, Ust-Olenyok. At the service of the population there is an ulus complex of consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, general education, music and sports schools, a folk art museum (public). Health and trade institutions.

Verkhnevilyuisky ulus

VERKHNEVILYUYSKY ulus (district) was formed on February 10, 1935. It is located in the west of the republic. Area 42.0 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Verkhnevilyuisk, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 677 km, by water - 847 km, by air - 610 km. The relief is flat - the Central Yakut Plain. In the extreme south - the Prilensky plateau. The average temperature in January is from -36 °С in the south to -40 °С in the north, in July +12…+14 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large river - Vilyuy with tributaries pp. Tyukyan, Tyung, Tonguoh. The ulus has building materials (loam) and common minerals.

The administrative center of the ulus with. Verkhnevilyuisk. Settlements -29, settlements - 21. According to the 1989 census, the population was 20.8 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 22.2 thousand people. (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.52 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (94.5%). Russians (3.0%), Evenks (0.3%), Evens (0.2%), and other nationalities (2.0%) also live here. The average age of the population is 27 years.

The basis of the economy is agriculture. The main industry is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding), grain crops, potatoes, and vegetables are cultivated. Agricultural land is 69.3 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 36.6%, pastures - 57.1%, arable land - 2.3%. In the ulus - a closed joint-stock company "Dyullyukyu", state collective enterprises and enterprises of local industry. In addition, the agricultural cooperative enterprise "Ilbe", as well as peasant farms. The transport system is based on river, road and air transport. Pier on the river. Vilyui - Verkhnevilyuisk. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a vocational school, general education and music schools. Health and trade institutions.

Verkhnekolymsky ulus

VERHNEKOLYMSKY ulus (district) was formed on April 30, 1954. It is located in the north-east of the republic. The area is 67.8 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Zyryanka, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2440 km, by water - 4282 km, by air - 1255 km. The relief is mountainous and flat. The central part is occupied by the Kolyma lowland, in the southwest - ridge. Arga-Tas, Osalinsky Ridge, in the east - the Yukagir Plateau, in the north-west - Ozhoginsky Dol. The average temperature in January is 38 °С, in July +12…+14 °С. Precipitation falls from 250-300 mm to 300-400 mm per year. Large river - Kolyma with numerous tributaries pp. Yasachnaya, Ozhogino, etc. The Ulus has deposits of gold, coal, semiprecious raw materials (agate, carnelian) and other minerals.

The administrative center of the ulus is the urban-type settlement of Zyryanka. Settlements 6, including 5 rural settlements, 1 working settlement; 4 close. The population according to the 1989 census is 10.1 thousand people, including urban - 6.8, rural - 3.3. Currently, the permanent population is 6.9 thousand people, including urban - 4.8, rural - 2.1 (as of 01.01.1999). Population density - 0.1 people. on the. sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (62.1%). Sakhas (18.3%), Evens (1.9%), Evenks (0.1%), Yukaghirs (1.8%) and other nationalities (15.8%) also live here. The average age of the population is 33 years.

Coal is mined in the ulus, there are enterprises for the repair of transport equipment, and local industry. Agriculture is represented by cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, reindeer breeding. Agricultural land is 8.4 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 52.4%, pastures - 45.8%. In the ulus there are state farms "Verkhnekolymsky" and "Arylakhsky", peasant farms; cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, reindeer breeding, fur farming and fur trade are developed. Transport - river, air and road. Pier on the river. Kolyma - Zyryanka. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a museum of the history of the peoples of the North of Yakutia. Evening river technical school, general education and music schools. Health and Trade Institutions

Verkhoyansk ulus

VERKHOYANSKY ulus (district) was founded on January 5, 1967. It is located in the north of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area 189.7 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Batagai, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 1068 km, by water - 2785 km, by air - 705 km. The relief is mountainous. The central part is occupied by the Yan Plateau, in the west - the Verkhoyansk and Orulgan ridges, in the north-west - Mt. Kular, in the east - the mountain ranges of the Chersky ridge. The average January temperature is from -38 to -48 °С; July +16…+17 °С. Precipitation falls annually from 150-200 mm. up to 250-300 mm. A large river is the Yana with tributaries of the Adych, Bytantay and others. Ulus has deposits of tin, tungsten, copper, lead, antimony, gold, silver, brown coal and other minerals.

The administrative center of the ulus is the urban-type settlement of Batagay. There are 30 settlements, including 26 - rural settlements, 3 workers' settlements, 1 city of ulus significance, 14 naslegs, 3 councils. The population according to the 1989 census is 22.1 thousand people, including urban - 14.0, rural - 8.1. At present, the permanent population is 16.4 thousand people, including urban - 8.1, rural - 8.3 (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.12 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (43.5%). Russians (38.9%), Evens (0.9%), Evenks (0.2%), and other nationalities (16.5%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.

The basis of the economy of the ulus is agriculture, represented by meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, reindeer breeding, and fur trade. Agricultural land is 80.2 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 47.1%, pastures - 52.8%. In the ulus there are state farms, collective enterprises, peasant farms. Transport links - river, road and air. Pier on the river. Yana - Batagai, Verkhoyansk, on the river. Adycha - Betenkes. An ulus household plant, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Vilyuysky ulus

VILYUYSKY ulus (district) was founded on January 9, 1930. It is located in the west of the republic. The area is 55.2 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center is the city of Vilyuysk, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 592 km, by water - 739 km, by air - 535 km. The relief is flat. The ulus is located on the Central Yakut Plain. The average temperature in January is from -38 °С to -48 °С; July +16…+18 °С. Precipitation falls 200-300 mm. in year. Large river - Vilyuy with a tributary of the river. Tyung. There are many lakes, the largest of them is Mastakh. Ulus has deposits of gas, oil, building materials.

The administrative center of the ulus is the city of Vilyuysk. There are 27 settlements, including 1 city, 1 working settlement, 25 rural settlements, 19 settlements, 1 council. The population according to 1989 data is 28.9 thousand people, including urban - 16.4, rural - 12.5. At present, the permanent population is 27.6 thousand people, including urban - 13.9, rural - 13.7 (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.5 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (68.5%). Russians (22.7%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (0.2%), and other nationalities (8.4%) also live here. The average age of the population is 29 years.

The leading place in the economy of the ulus is occupied by agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding), fur farming and fur trade. Agricultural land is 46.7 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 46.4%, pastures - 51%. Potatoes and vegetables are cultivated. There are state farms in the ulus - “Kuliatsky”, “Chochunsky”, “Nizhnevilyuysky”, “Vilyuysky”; limited liability partnerships, joint-stock companies and peasant farms. Industry - a developing gas production complex, meat and dairy and local, production of building materials. Transport links provide river, road and air transport. Pier on the river. Vilyui: Vilyuisk, Kysyl-Syr. At the service of the population there is an ulus complex of consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a teacher training college, general education, music and art schools, and museums. Health and trade institutions.

Mountain ulus

GORNY ULUS was formed on June 25, 1931. It is located within the boundaries of Central Yakutia. Area 45.6 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Berdigestyakh, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 184 km, by air - 150 km. The plateau prevails. Most of the ulus is located on the Prilensky plateau. In the north - the Central Yakut plain. The average temperature in January is -36 °С in the west and -40 °С in the east, in July +16:+17 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large rivers - Sinya, Sitte (left tributaries of the Lena River). Ulus has deposits of brown coal, common minerals.

The administrative center of the ulus with. Berdigestakh. Settlements - 17 (all rural), settlements - 9. Population according to 1989 - 10.0 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 11.2 thousand people (as of 01.01.1999). Population density - 0.25 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (93.5%). Russians (3.6%), Evens (0.3%), Evenks (0.4%), and other nationalities (2.2%) also live here. The average age of the population is 28 years.

The basis of the economy of the ulus is agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding), fur trade, fur farming. Agricultural land is 54.9 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 58.9, pastures - 38.8. There are state farms in the ulus, as well as the collective enterprise "Asyma" and peasant farms. There is a meat and dairy plant, local industry enterprises. Transport links - road and air. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, folk and children's theaters, general education and music schools. Health and trade institutions.

Zhigansky ulus

ZHIGANSKY ulus (district) was formed on December 10, 1930. It is located in the north of the republic. The area is 140.2 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Zhigansk, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 754 km, by water - 764 km, by air - 610 km. The relief is mountainous and flat: the Central Yakut Plain, in the east - the Verkhoyansk Range (western spurs), in the west - the Central Siberian Plateau. The average temperature in January is from -36 °С in the east to -40 °С in the west, in July +14…+16 °С. Precipitation falls annually from 250-300 mm. in the west up to 300-400 mm. in the east. Large river - Lena with numerous tributaries: pp. Linde, Muna, Menkere and others. Large lake - Ulakhan-Kyuyol. Ulus has deposits of brown and hard coal.

The administrative center of the ulus with. Zhigansk. There are 5 settlements, 4 settlements. According to 1989 data, the population is 5.8 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 5.0 thousand people. (as of 01.01.1999). Population density - 0.04 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Evenks (31.8%). Yakuts (30.4%), Russians (28.7%), Evens (0.8%), and other nationalities (8.2%) also live here. The average age of the population is 32 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture (reindeer breeding, fur farming) and fur trade. Agricultural land is 2.2 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 49.8%, pastures - 50.2%. In the ulus there is a state farm "Kystatyamsky", a collective enterprise "Central", tribal communities "Bakanai", "Usunku", peasant farms. Transport links are maintained by river and air transport. Pier on the river. Lena-Zhigansk and Dzhardzhan. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, general education and music schools. Health and trade institutions.

Kobyaysky ulus

KOBYAYSKY ulus (district) was formed on April 20, 1937. It is located in Central Yakutia. Area 107.8 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the settlement of Sangar, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 334 km, by water - 330 km, by air - 240 km. The relief is mountainous and flat: in the north and northeast - the Verkhoyansk Range, the rest of the ulus is occupied by the Central Yakut Plain. The average temperature in January is from -36 °С in the mountains to -40 °С in the valley, in July from +10 °С in the mountains to +18 °С in the valley. Precipitation falls annually from 200-250 mm. in the east up to 500-600 mm. in the mountains. Large rivers are the Lena (between the mouths of the tributaries of the Aldan and the Linde rivers) and its tributary. Vilyuy (lower reaches). There are many lakes on the plain, the largest of them is Nigili. Ulus has deposits of gold, silver, lead, and zinc, gas, brown and hard coal, building materials.

The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Sangar. There are 27 settlements, including 26 rural settlements, 1 village, 12 naslegs, 1 council. The population according to 1989 data is 20.4 thousand people, including urban - 10.1, rural - 10.3. At present, the permanent population is 16.7 thousand people, including urban - 6.6, rural - 10.1 (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.15 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (44.0%). Russians (40.8%), Evenks (0.1%), Evens (3.3%), and other nationalities (11.8%) also live here. The average age of the population is 30 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by industry - mining of coal and natural gas, production of building materials, fishing and local industries. Agriculture is represented by reindeer breeding, meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, cage fur farming, and fodder production. Agricultural land is 59.2 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 0.5%, hayfields - 66.3%, pastures - 1.1%. There are state farms in the ulus, a collective partnership - the Sangarsky sub-farm. In addition, a pilot goose-breeding partnership "Bargy" was organized, joint-stock companies - Mukuchi, Segen, Lyupsyugun, peasant farms. Transport links provide river and air transport. Pier on the river. Lena - Sangar, Batamay, on the river. Vilyuy - Industrial, Khatyryk-Homo, Bakyr. At the service of the population there is an ulus plant of consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a vocational school, general education, music and sports schools, health and trade institutions.

Lensky ulus

LENSKY ulus (district) was formed on January 30, 1930. It is located in the south-west of the republic. Area - 77.0 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center is the city of Lensk, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 1001 km, by water - 1027 km, by air - 840 km. The ulus is located within the Prilensky plateau. The average temperature in January is 32 °С, in July +16…+17 °С. Precipitation falls 300-400 mm per year. The large Lena River with tributaries pp. Vitim, Nuya, Peleduy. Ulus has deposits of gold, gas, oil, rock salt, building materials.

The administrative center of the ulus is the city of Lensk. There are 20 settlements, including 1 city, 17 rural settlements, 2 workers' settlements, 8 settlements, 2 settlement administrations. The population according to the 1989 census is 50.4 thousand people, including urban 41.2, rural - 9.2 (1989). At present, the permanent population is 45.5 thousand people, including urban - 37.8, rural - 7.7 (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.59 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (76.9%). Sakhas (8.7%), Evens (0.1%), Evenks (0.1%) and other nationalities (14.2%) also live here. The average age of the population is 32 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by the timber industry (logging, woodworking); enterprises servicing river and road transport, production of building materials, food industry. In recent years, the oil industry has been developing at an accelerated pace. Agriculture has an auxiliary character. Agricultural land is 15.9 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 19%, hayfields - 50.6%, pastures - 26.1%. Meat, dairy and dairy cattle breeding, fur trade, pig breeding are developed, potatoes, vegetables, grain crops are grown. In the ulus there are state farms: "Druzhba", "Lensky", "Nyuysky" and "Bechenchinsky", peasant and subsidiary farms. Transport links provide river, road and air transport. Lensk is a large river port, other piers on the river. Lena: Peleduy, Vitim, Yaroslavsky, Khamra, Saldykel, Nyuya. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, vocational schools, general education, music and sports schools, a boarding school, and a museum. Health and trade institutions.

Megino-Kangalassky ulus

MEGINO-KANGALASSKY ulus (district) was formed on February 10, 1930. It is located in Central Yakutia. Area 11.7 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Maya, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 52 km, by air - 60 km. The relief is flat. The main part of the territory of the ulus is occupied by the Central Yakut Plain, in the south - the Prilenskoye Plateau. The average temperature in January is 42 °С, in July +17…+18 °С. Precipitation falls 200-255 mm. in year. Large river - Lena (with numerous small tributaries). There are many lakes, the largest of them are Tyungyulyu, Balyktakh, Ulakhan-Tas, Tabaga, Maya. Ulus has deposits of brown coal, therapeutic mud, building materials: loam, limestone, sand.

Administrative center with. Mayan. There are 35 settlements, including 34 rural settlements, 1 working settlement, 24 naslegs, 1 council. The population according to 1989 data is 31.4 thousand people, including urban - 4.0, rural - 27.4. At present, the permanent population is 33.1 thousand people, including urban - 3.6, rural - 29.5 (01.01.1999). Population density - 2.83 people. per sq. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (85.9%). Russians (10.9%), Evenks (0.2%), Evens (0.3%), and other nationalities (2.7%) also live here. The average age of the population is 30 years.

The basis of the economy is agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding); grain and fodder crops, potatoes and vegetables are cultivated. Agricultural land is 126.8 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 45.7%, pastures - 40.9%, arable land - 11.8%. In the ulus there is a state farm "Kangalassky", collective enterprises, a stud farm named after. hero Popov, Joint-Stock Company. M. Gorky, as well as the experimental production farm "Red Star", peasant farms. Agricultural raw materials processing industry, mechanical workshops for the repair of road equipment, local industries. Transport links - river, road and air. The Amur-Yakutsk highway passes through the ulus. Pier on the river. Lena - Nizhny Bestyakh. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a vocational school, general education and music schools, and museums. Health and trade institutions. Mud bath.

Mirny ulus

MIRNINSKY ulus (district) was formed on January 12, 1965. It is located in the west of the republic. Area 165.8 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center is the city of Mirny, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 1207 km, by air - 820 km. The relief is flat. The ulus is located within the Prilensky plateau and the Central Siberian plateau. The average temperature in January is from -32 °С in the south to -40 °С in the north, in July +14…+16 °С. Precipitation falls 250-300 mm. in year. Large river - Vilyuy with numerous tributaries pp. Chona, Ulakhan-Botuobuya and others. The ulus has a wide range of natural and economic resources, rich in deposits of pyrope, chrysolite, gas, oil, brown coal and other minerals.

The administrative center of the city of Mirny. Settlements - 15, including 2 cities, 9 rural settlements, 4 workers' settlements, 3 settlements, 4 councils. The population according to 1989 data is 92.4 thousand people, including urban - 86.5, rural - 5.9. At present, the permanent population is 85.9 thousand people, including urban - 81.4, rural - 4.5 (01.01.1999). Population density 0.52 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (70.9%). Sakha (4.1%), Evenks (0.2%), Evens (0.1%), and other nationalities (24.7%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by the diamond mining industry, hydroelectric power plants on the river. Vilyue, production of building materials, enterprises for the repair of mining and road equipment, automobile enterprises, food industry. The ulus accounts for 64% of the republic's industrial production. Agriculture has an auxiliary character, which determines the existence of a number of sub-farms, the main of which are "New" and "Tas-Yuryakh" have a dairy and vegetable direction. Agricultural land is 10.6 thousand hectares, of which arable land occupies 8.6%, hayfields - 57.0%, pastures - 30.7%. There are a number of peasant farms. Transport links - road and air. The Mirny-Lensk highway connects the ulus with the main transport artery of the republic - the river. Lena. At the service of the population is an ulus plant of consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, an energy-construction technical school, a vocational school, general education, music and sports schools, a children's art studio, and museums. Health and trade institutions.

Momsky National Ulus

MOMSKY ulus (district) was formed on May 20, 1931. It is located in the north-east of the republic. Area 104.6 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Khonuu, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2000 km, by water - 3774 km, by air - 1125 km. The relief is mountainous. In the northwest - the Momo-Selennyakh depression, in the southeast - the Ulakhan-Chistai ridge (with the highest point of Pobeda -3147 m.). The rest of the territory of the ulus is occupied by the Momsky Range. The average temperature in January is from -36°С to -44°С, in July from +6°С to +14°С. Precipitation falls annually from 150-200 mm. in the intermountain basin up to 500-600 mm. in the mountains. Large river - Indigirka with tributaries pp. Moma, Chibagalakh and others. The ulus has deposits of gold, silver, zinc, lead, copper, coal, gypsum, marble and building materials.

Administrative center with. Honuu. Settlements - 7, settlements - 6. According to the data for 1989, the population is 5.5 thousand people. Currently, the permanent population is 5.3 thousand people. (as of 01.01.1999). Population density 0.05 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (67.0%). Russians (15.1%), Evens (11.8%), Evenks (0.5%), Yukagirs (0.1%) and other nationalities (5.5%) also live here. The average age of the population is 30 years.

The basis of the economy is agriculture. Its main industry is reindeer breeding; meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, fur farming, and fur trade are developed. Agricultural land is 17.5 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 28.2%, pastures - 71.3%. In the ulus there are state farms - "Iskra" and "Momsky", peasant farms, industrial enterprises for the processing of agricultural raw materials. The transport network of the ulus is based on river and air transport. The public service ulus factory, printing house, club institutions, folk theater, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Namsky ulus

NAMSKY ulus (district) was formed on February 10, 1930. It is located in Central Yakutia. Area 11.9 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Namtsy, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 84 km, by water - 96 km. The relief is flat, the ulus is located within the Central Yakut plain. The average temperature in January is 42 °С, in July +17…+18 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. The largest river flowing through the territory of the ulus is the Lena with numerous small tributaries. Ulus has deposits of quartz sand, building materials: (loam, sand).

Administrative center with. Namtsy. Settlements - 24, settlements -18. The population according to the data for 1989 is 18.2 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 19.8 thousand people. (as of 01.01.1999). Population density 1.65 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (92.0%). Russians (5.9%), Evens (0.3%), Evenks (0.4%), and other nationalities (1.4%) also live here. The average age of the population is 29 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture. The main industry is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding), grains, potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops are cultivated. Agricultural land is 73.9 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 8.4%, hayfields - 43.5%, pastures - 45.6%. In the ulus there are state farms “Namsky” and “Modutsky”, collective enterprises, the training and production farm “Namsky”, an auxiliary farm of the Ministry of Water Resources, and peasant farms. Of the industrial enterprises, those engaged in the processing of agricultural raw materials, local industry enterprises, are of the greatest importance. Transport links - river, road. Pier on the river. Lena - Count's coast. At the service of the population is an ulus plant of consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a teacher training college, a vocational school, general education and music schools, and a museum. Health and trade institutions.

Nizhnekolymsky ulus

NIZHNEKOLYMSKY ulus (district) was formed on May 20, 1931. It is located in the extreme north-east of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area - 87.1 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Chersky, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 3189 km, by water - 3421 km, by air - 1920 km. The relief is flat, the ulus is located on the Kolyma lowland. The average temperature in January is from -32°С in the north to -38°С in the south, in July from +4°С to +12°С in the south. Precipitation falls 150-200 mm. in year. Large rivers - Kolyma, Alazeya, B. Chukochya. There are many lakes, the largest of them are Nerpichye, Chukochee, Bolshaya Morskoe, Ilyrgyttyn. Ulus has deposits of gold, gemstone raw materials, building materials (clay, gravel-sand material).

The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Chersky. There are 13 settlements, including 12 rural settlements, 1 working settlement, 3 settlements, and 1 village council. According to the data for 1989, the population is 14.0 thousand people, including urban - 11.5, rural - 2.5. At present, the permanent population is 8.5 thousand people, including urban - 6.3, rural - 2.2. Population density 0.1 pers. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (64.0%). Sakhas (9.0%), Evens (3.7%), Evenks (0.1%), Yukagirs (1.9%), Chukchi (2.6%) and other nationalities (18.7%) also live here. The average age of the population is 33 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture (reindeer breeding, fur farming) and crafts (fur and fish). Agricultural land is 7.7 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 21.1%, pastures - 78.9%. In the ulus there are state farms Nizhnekolymsky, Olerinsky, Pokhodsky, peasant farms, including communal-tribal ones. There is a fish factory and enterprises of local importance. The ulus occupies an important place in the transport links of the north-eastern region of the republic. The port of Zeleny Mys is the sea gate of Yakutia and the northwestern regions of the Magadan region. Communication is carried out mainly by air transport. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, vocational schools, general education and music schools. Health and trade institutions.

Nyurbinsky ulus

NURBINSKY ulus (district) was formed on January 9, 1930. It is located in the west of the republic. Area 52.4 thousand square meters. m. The administrative center of the city of Nyurba, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 812 km, by water - 977 km, by air - 600 km. The ulus is located on the Central Yakut Plain. The average temperature in January is from -36 °С in the south to -40 °С in the north, in July +16…+17 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large river - Vilyuy with tributaries pp. Mapxa, Tyukyan. Ulus has deposits of diamonds, gold, gemstone raw materials (agate, carnelian, jasper), brown coal, building materials.

The administrative center of the city of Nyurba. Settlements - 24, including 23 rural settlements. settlement, 1 city, 18 naslegs, 1 city council. At present, the population is 25.2 thousand people, including urban - 10.0, rural - 15.2 (07/01/2005). Population density 0.48 people. per sq. km. The main part of the population is Sakha (81.8%). Russians (13.7%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (0.2%), and other nationalities (4.1%) also live here.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, fur farming); cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops are cultivated. Agricultural land is 87.9 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 6.2%, hayfields - 56.4%, pastures - 36.2%. In the ulus there are state farms, a stud farm named after. Vasiliev, as well as the agricultural company "Kyundyadinskaya", in addition, peasant farms. Industry - meat and dairy plant, local industry enterprises. Transport links are made through the use of road, river and air transport. Pier on the river. Vilyui - Nyurba, on the river. Markha - Malykay. At the service of the population there is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, general education, music and sports schools, a Museum of Friendship of Peoples, health care and trade institutions.

Oymyakonsky ulus

OIMYAKONSK ulus (district) was formed on May 20, 1931. It is located in the east of the republic. The area is 92.2 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of Ust-Nera, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 1491 km, by air - 865 km. The relief is mountainous. In the east of the ulus is the Nerskoye plateau; in the central part - Mt. Tas-Kystabyt; in the west - the Oymyakon highlands, the Elga plateau; in the extreme southwest - the Suntar-Khayata ridge; in the north - the ridges of the Chersky mountain system. The average temperature in January is from -41 °С to -51 °С, at least up to -65 °С, in July from +8 °С to +19 °С. Precipitation falls annually from 150-200 mm to 600 mm or more in the mountains. This is one of the coldest regions in the northern hemisphere. A large river flowing through the territory of the ulus is the Indigirka. Ulus has deposits of gold, silver, tin, tungsten, lead, zinc, antimony, building materials (hornfels, granite) and other minerals.

The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Ust-Nera. Settlements - 23, including 16 rural settlements. p., 7 p. n., 6 naslegs, 7 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 32.3 thousand people, including urban - 22.0, rural - 10.3. At present, the permanent population is 19.6 thousand people, including urban - 14.3, rural - 5.3 (01.01.99). Population density 0.22 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (62.5%). Sakhas (10.7%), Evens (1.0%), Evenks (0.2%), and other nationalities (25.6%) also live here. The average age of the population is 34 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by the mining industry - the extraction of gold, antimony; there are workshops for the repair of mining and road equipment, local industry enterprises. In agriculture, the main branches are animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, reindeer breeding, meat herd horse breeding) and fur trade. Agricultural land is 14.6 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 37.6%, pastures - 61.5%. There are state collective farms in the ulus, of which more than half are subsidiary; state farms - OPH "Yuchyugeisky" and "Oymyakonsky", the suburban sub-farm "Druzhba", peasant farms, including the tribal community "Molya". Transport links are provided mainly by road and air transport. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, general education, music and sports schools. Health and trade institutions.

Olekminsky ulus

OLEKMINSK ulus (district) was formed on January 9, 1930. It is located in the south-west of the republic. Area 166.7 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center is the city of Olekminsk, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 651 km, by water - 620 km, by air - 530 km. The relief is flat. Most of the ulus is occupied by the Olekmo-Charsky and Chuginskoye plateaus, in the north - by the Prilensky plateau, in the south - by the northern part of the ridge. Udokan. The average temperature in January is from -30 °С to -35 °С, in July from +12 °С in the mountains to +18 °С in the valley. Precipitation falls annually from 200 to 300 mm. The largest river is the Lena (with numerous tributaries, the largest of them is the Olekma River). Ulus has deposits of gold, rare metals, mining raw materials, building materials (loam, clay, sand).

The administrative center of the city of Olekminsk. Settlements - 54, including 1 city, 51 rural settlements. p, 2 p. p., 20 naslegs, 2 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 31.2 thousand people, including urban - 13.2, rural - 7.9. At present, the permanent population is 30.4 thousand people, including urban - 11.7, rural - 18.7 (01.01.99). Population density 0.19 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (50.3%). Sakhas (38.4%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (3.0%), and other nationalities (8.1%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.

Both agriculture and industry are developed in the ulus. The main branch of agriculture is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, pig breeding, fur farming). Grain, potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops are grown. Agricultural lands make up 70.7 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 18.7%, hayfields - 28.3%, pastures - 52.8%. Fur trade is developed. In the ulus there are state farms, the Sanyakhtakhsky collective enterprise, as well as the Tuolba tribal community, and peasant farms. The leading place in the industry is occupied by the timber industry (logging and woodworking) and the production of building materials; meat and dairy production and local industries. The main elements of the transport system that support external and internal communications are river and air transport. Pier on the river. Lena - Olekminsk, Daban, Macha, Sanyakhtyakh, Tinnaya, Chapaevo, on the river. Olekme - Dikimdya, on the river. Tokko-Tyanya. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a technical school for mechanization and electrification of agriculture, general education and music schools, a local history museum, healthcare and trade institutions.

Olenek National Ulus

OLENEKSKY ulus (district) was founded on October 1, 1935. It is located in the north-west of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area 318.1 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Olenyok, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2026 km, by water - 3989 km, by air - 1105 km. The plateau prevails. Most of the ulus is occupied by the Central Siberian Plateau. In the north - the North Siberian lowland, in the northwest - the Anabar plateau. The average temperature in January is from -36 °С in the north to -40 °С in the south, in July +12…+14 °С. Large rivers - Olenyok and Anabar (with small tributaries). Large lake - Eyik. Ulus has deposits of diamonds, gas, rare metals, building materials.

Administrative center with. Deer. Settlements - 4, 4 nasleg. The population according to the data for 1989 is 4.0 thousand people. At present, the population is 4.4 thousand people. (01.01.1999). Population density 0.01 people per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Evenks (54.3%). Sakhas (32.2%), Russians (9.1%), Evens (0.7%), and other nationalities (3.7%) also live here. The average age of the population is 28 years.

The basis of the economy is agriculture (reindeer and fur farming) and hunting. Agricultural land is 1302 hectares, of which hayfields - 55.4%, pastures - 44.6%. In the ulus there are state farms “Zhilindinsky”, “Olenyoksky” and “Eyiksky”, peasant farms, including communal-tribal ones. Transport communication - air and winter roads. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, general education and music schools, and a museum of local lore. Health and trade institutions.

Suntar ulus

SUNTAR ULUS was founded on January 9, 1930. It is located in the west of the republic. The area is 57.8 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Suntar, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 985 km, by water - 1151 km, by air - 730 km. The plateau prevails. In the north of the ulus - the Central Siberian plateau, in the south - the Prilensky plateau. The average temperature in January is 34°С, in July +17…+18°С. Precipitation falls 250-300 mm per year. Large river - Vilyuy with numerous tributaries. Ulus has deposits of gold, brown coal, mining raw materials (zeolites, gypsum, anhydrite), rock salt, building materials, and therapeutic mud.

Administrative center with. Suntar. Settlements - 46, settlements - 25. According to the data for 1989, the population is 25.3 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 26.4 thousand people. (01.01.99). Population density 0.46 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (92.5%). Russians (5.0%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (0.2%), and other nationalities (2.1%) also live here. The average age of the population is 29 years.

The basis of the economy is agriculture. The main industry is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, fur farming). Cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops are cultivated. Agricultural land is 119.5 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 49.5%, pasture - 43%. In the ulus there are limited liability partnerships, as well as collective enterprises, peasant farms. The industry is represented by the Kempendyai salt factory, a meat and dairy plant, and other enterprises of the local industry. Transport communications are carried out by road, river and air modes of transport. Pier on the river. Vilyuy - Suntar, Neck, Elgyai, Crosses. The public service ulus plant, printing house, club institutions, a museum, a vocational school, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Srednekolymsky ulus

Srednekolymsky ulus (district) was formed on May 25, 1930. It is located in the north-east of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area - 125.2 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center is the city of Srednekolymsk, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2664 km, by water - 3940 km, by air - 1485 km. Flat relief prevails. A significant part of the ulus is occupied by the Kolyma lowland. In the west - the Alazeya plateau, in the east - the Yukagir plateau. The average January temperature is -38 ° C, July +12 "C. Precipitation falls annually from 150-200 mm in the north to 250-300 mm in the east. Large rivers are the Kolyma with tributaries pp. Berezovka, Kamenka, Alazeya. There are many lakes, the largest of them are Pavylon, Balyma, etc. Ulus has deposits of building materials.

The administrative center is the city of Srednekolymsk. There are 14 settlements, including 1 city, 13 rural settlements. n., 9 naslegs. According to the data for 1989, the population is 9.4 thousand people, including urban - 4.4, rural - 5.0. At present, the permanent population is 9.5 thousand people, including urban - 4.3, rural - 5.2 (01.01.1999). Population density - 0.08 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (73.7%). Russians (17.3%), Evens (3.9%), Evenks (0.3%), and other nationalities (4.5%) also live here. The average age of the population is 30 years.

The basis of the economy is agriculture (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, reindeer breeding, fur farming) and crafts (fur and fish). Agricultural land is 28.7 thousand hectares, of which hayfields 56.2%, pastures 43.8%. In the ulus there are state farms - "Alazeysky", "Svataysky", the stud farm "Aleko-Kyuelsky", collective agricultural enterprises, peasant farms, including communal-tribal ones. The industry is represented by local enterprises. Transport links are supported by river and air modes of transport. Pier on the river. Kolyma - Srednekolymsk, Lobuya. The public service ulus factory, printing house, club institutions, folk theater, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Tattinsky ulus

TATTINSKY ulus (district) was formed on March 25, 1930. It received its modern name after the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Yakut ASSR of 01.01.01 on the renaming of the former Alekseevsky ulus (district) into Tattinsky ulus (district). This decision was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of August 6, 1990. Located in Central Yakutia. Area - 19.0 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Ytyk-Kyuyol, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 256 km, by air - 255 km. The flat relief prevails - the Central Yakut Plain, in the south - the Prilenskoye Plateau. The average temperature in January is 42 ... - 44 °С, in July +18 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large rivers are Aldan and Amga. Ulus has deposits of coal and common minerals.

Administrative center with. Ytyk-Kyuyol. Settlements - 15, settlements - 14. According to the data for 1989, the population is 16.0 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 17.7 thousand people. (01.01.1999). Population density 0.93 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (95.2%). Russians (2.3%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (0.3%), and other nationalities (1.9%) also live here. The average age of the population is 28 years.

Agriculture plays a leading role in the economy - meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding. Potatoes, vegetables, fodder crops are cultivated. Agricultural land is 86.2 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 4.0%, hayfields - 48.4%, pastures - 47.6%. In the ulus there are collective enterprises, agricultural firms "Kharbalakh" and them. P. Alekseeva, peasant farms. Local industries. Transport communications - automobile, river and air. Pier on the river. Aldan - Bulun, on the river. Amga - Harbalakh. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, a folk theater, a vocational school, general education and music schools, and museums. Health and trade institutions.

Tomponsky ulus

TOMPON ulus (district) was formed on May 20, 1931. It is located in the east of the republic. The area is 135.8 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Khandyga, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 449 km, by water - 642 km, by air - 370 km. The mountain relief prevails. Ridges - Verkhoyansky, Sette-Daban, Suntar-Khayata, Rocky. In the north of the ulus is the Elga Plateau. The average temperature in January is from -38 °С in the mountains to -42 °С in the river valleys, in June +10 °С in the mountains and +17 °С in the river valleys. Precipitation falls in the year 250-300 mm. Large rivers - Aldan (with numerous tributaries - pp. Tompo, Khandyga, etc.), the upper reaches of the river. Adychi. Ulus has deposits of tin, tungsten, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, molybdenum, gold, silver, coal, gypsum, marble and other minerals.

The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Khandyga. Settlements - 16, including 14 rural settlements. p., 2 p. P.; 8 naslegs, 2 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 23.0 thousand people, including urban - 13.3, rural - 9.7. At present, the permanent population is 18.0 thousand people, including urban - 9.8, rural - 8.2 (01.01.1999). The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (57.1%). Sakhas (21.8%), Evens (3.2%), Evenks (0.4%), and other nationalities (17.5%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by industry - coal mining, production of building materials, meat and dairy production, local industry enterprises. In the ulus there are state farms - them. hero F. Okhlopkov, Pravda, peasant farms, including one tribal community. The main branch of agriculture is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, fur farming and reindeer breeding). Agricultural land is 37.2 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 6.9%, hayfields - 16.9%, pastures - 76.2%. Potatoes and vegetables are cultivated. The fur trade is developing. For the implementation of transport links, the most important are river, road and air modes of transport. Pier on the river. Aldan - Khandyga, Dzhebariki-Khaya, Krest-Khaldzhai. The public service ulus plant, printing house, club institutions, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Ust-Aldansky ulus

The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding). Potatoes, vegetables and cereals are cultivated. There are agricultural enterprises and peasant farms in the ulus. There is JSC "Legoy", producing meat and dairy products, individual enterprises for the manufacture of furniture, the production of agricultural products. Transport links support road and river transport. Pier on the river. Lena - Ogorodtakh, on the river. Aldan - Dygdal. At the service of the population of the MU Interschool educational production plant, engaged in the provision of personal services to the population, a printing house, club institutions, museums, general education and music schools, health care and trade institutions. In with. Sottintsy there is a vocational school No. 19, the Lensky Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve "Friendship".

Ust-Maysky ulus

UST-MAYSKY ulus (district) was founded on May 20, 1931. It is located in the east of the republic. The area is 95.3 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of Ust-Maya, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 382 km, by air - 310 km. The relief is mountainous. Ridges - Rocky, Sette-Daban, Kyllakhsky, Ulakhan-Bom; Uchur-May Highland. The average temperature in January is from -40 °С in the northeast to -42 °С in the southwest; July from +14 °С in the mountains to +16 °С in the river valleys. Precipitation falls annually from 250-300 mm. up to 400-500 mm. A large river is the Aldan (with tributaries May, Allah-Yun, etc.). Ulus has deposits of gold, lead, zinc, rare metals, building materials.

The administrative center of the ulus was repeatedly transferred from one settlement to another. Currently, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) dated 01.01.01 “On the transfer of the administrative center of the Ust-Maisky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)”, the administrative center of the Ust-Maisky ulus (district) from the river. Solnechny was moved to the river. Ust-Maya. In total, in the ulus, according to data as of 01/01/1999, there are 20 settlements, including 12 rural settlements. p., 7 p. n., 5 naslegs, 7 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 20.9 thousand people, including urban - 16.8, rural - 4.1. At present, the permanent population is 15.5 thousand people, including urban - 12.2, rural - 3.3 (01.01.1999). Population density 0.16 people. on the. sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (64.2%). Sakhas (7.1%), Evens (0.2%), Evenks (9.3%), and other nationalities (19.2%) also live here. The average age of the population is 33 years.

The leading place in the economy is occupied by industry - gold mining, logging, enterprises for the repair of mining and road equipment, local industry, and the production of building materials. Agriculture is of secondary importance. Dairy and meat cattle breeding is developed, potatoes and vegetables are cultivated, and fur trade is carried out. Agricultural land is 28.1 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 1.6%, hayfields - 61.1%, pastures - 36.5%. In the ulus there are state farms - "Kyupsky", "Ust-Maysky", associations of peasant farms - "Petropavlovsk", "Troitsa", "Taiga", peasant farms, including one communal-clan "Ezhansky". Transport links - river, road, air. Pier on the river. Aldan - Eldikan, Ust-Maya, Belkachi, Ust-Mil, on the river. Yudoma - Yugoryonok, Ust-Yudoma. The public service ulus plant, printing house, club institutions, museums, general education and music schools are at the service of the population. Health and trade institutions.

Ust-Yansky ulus

UST-YANSKY ulus (district) was founded on January 5, 1967. It is located in the north of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. The area is 120.3 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the village of Deputatsky, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 2068 km, by air - 1025 km. The relief is mountainous and flat. The northern part of the ulus is occupied by the Yano-Indigirskaya lowland. The southern part is occupied by ridges - Selennyakhsky, Irgichinsky and others, Momo-Selennyakhskaya depression. The average temperature in January is 32…-40 °С, in July from +4 °С in the north to +12 °С in the south. Precipitation falls in the year 150-200 mm. in the north and 250-300 mm. south. Large rivers are Yana, Omoloy, Chondon, etc. There are many lakes, the largest of them are Bustakh, Orotko. Ulus has deposits of gold, tin, tungsten, mercury, lead, zinc, brown coal.

The administrative center of the ulus is the urban-type settlement Deputatsky. Settlements - 11, including 7 rural settlements. p., 4 p. P.; 7 naslegs, 4 councils. According to the data for 1989, the population is 42.9 thousand people, including urban - 35.9, rural - 7.0 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 16.2 thousand people, including urban - 11.8, rural - 4.4 (01.01.99). Population density 0.13 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (58.7%). Sakhas (8.7%), Evens (2.2%), Evenks (0.1%), and other nationalities (30.3%) also live here. The average age of the population is 33 years.

Industry occupies a leading place in the economy - mining of gold, tin, workshops for the repair of mining and road equipment, the production of building materials, a fish factory, and local industry enterprises. In agriculture, the main branches are reindeer breeding and fur farming. Agricultural land is 4.1 thousand hectares, of which hayfields - 46.7%, pastures - 53.3%. Fur and fisheries are developed. the ulus has a state farm "Tumatsky", a collective enterprise "Omoloyskoe", peasant farms, including communal-tribal ones. Transport links are diverse and are provided by several main modes of transport: water (river and sea), air, road (used seasonally). Pier on the river. Yana - Nizhneyansk, Ust-Kuyga, Kular, Cossack, Ust-Yansk. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, general education, music and sports schools. Health and trade institutions.

Churapchinsky ulus

CHURAPCHINSKY ulus (district) was formed on March 25, 1930. It is located in Central Yakutia. Area 12.6 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Churapcha, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 177 km, by air - 180 km. The relief is flat. Most of the ulus is located on the Prilensky plateau. The average temperature in January is 42 °С, in July +16…+17 °С. Precipitation falls 200-250 mm. in year. Large river - Amga. Lots of lakes, mostly small ones. The largest lake is Churapcha. Ulus has deposits of building materials (loam, clay, gravel-sand material, sand).

The administrative center of the ulus with. Churapcha. Settlements - 29, settlements - 17. According to the 1989 census, the population is 18.4 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 19.4 thousand people. (01.01.99). Population density 1.52 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (97.0%). Russians (1.5%), Evens (0.3%), Evenks (0.4%), and other nationalities (0.8%) also live here. The average age of the population is 29 years.

The basis of the economy is agriculture. Its main branch is animal husbandry (meat and dairy cattle breeding, meat herd horse breeding, fur farming). Agricultural land is 134.1 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 6.7%, hayfields - 33.4%, pastures - 60.0%. Cereals, potatoes, vegetables are cultivated. In the ulus there are state farms named after. Suburussky, them. Erilika Eristina, collective enterprises, Mugudaisky stud farm, associations of peasant farms, Notora inter-farm association. The industry on processing page - x. raw materials, local industries. The automobile, river and air modes of transport that have received the greatest development in the ulus make it possible to maintain transport links. Pier on the river. Amga - Myndagay. At the service of the population is an ulus plant for consumer services, a printing house, club institutions, folk theaters, a vocational school, general education, music and sports schools. Health and trade institutions.

Eveno-Bytantaisky National Ulus

EVENO-BYTANTAYSKY national ulus (district) is the youngest in terms of time of formation of those currently existing in the republic. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic dated January 1, 2001, the Eveno-Bytantai national ulus (district) was separated and formed from the Verkhoyansk ulus (district) with the administrative center in the village. Batagay-Alyta. This decision was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated 01.01.01. It is located in the north of the republic beyond the Arctic Circle. Area 55.6 thousand square meters. km. Administrative center with. Batagai-Alyta, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 1120 km, by air - 850 km. The relief is mountainous. Most of the ulus is occupied by the low and middle mountains of the Verkhoyansk chain, as well as part of the Yano-Indigirka highlands. The average temperature in January is from -36 °С to -48 °С, in July +16 ... +17 °С. Precipitation falls annually from 150-200 mm. up to 250-300 mm. The headwaters of numerous tributaries of the large rivers Lena and Yana (Omola, Nimingde, Undyulung, etc.) originate in the ulus. Ulus has deposits of diamonds and brown coal.

The administrative center of the ulus with. Batagay-Alyta. Settlements - 4 (all of them rural), settlements - 3. The population according to the data for 1989 is 2.6 thousand people. At present, the permanent population is 2.9 thousand people. (01.01.99). Population density 0.05 people. per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) is Sakha (37.0%). Russians (27.8%), Evens (2.4%), Evenks (9.4%), Yukagirs (0.2%), Chukchi (0.1%) and other nationalities (23.1%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.

Agriculture plays a leading role in the economy. Its main branches are reindeer breeding, meat herd horse breeding and fur trade. 10% of the deer population of the republic is concentrated in the ulus. In the ulus there are state farms "Leninsky" and "Bggantaisky", the community "Dzhargalakh", as well as tribal Even communities "Tyugas" and "Lybalakh". Local industries. Transport communication both within the ulus and outside it is predominantly air. At the service of the population is the ulus complex of public services, club institutions, a folk theater, general education and music schools. Health and trade institutions.

Neryungri

THE CITY OF REPUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE NERYUNGRI with subordinate territories as a special administrative-territorial unit was formed on November 6, 1975. It is located in the south of the republic. Area 93.0 thousand square meters. km. The administrative center of the city of Neryungri, which is located at a distance from the capital of the republic, Yakutsk: by land - 818 km, by air - 670 km. The relief is mountainous. Most of it is occupied by the Aldan Highlands, in the south - by the Stanovoy Range. The average temperature in January is 30…-34 °С, in July +12…+14 °С. Precipitation falls annually from 400-500 mm. up to 600 mm. and more in the mountains. Large rivers - Aldan with tributaries Timpton, Chulman, etc. Large lake - Big Toko. On the territory under consideration there are deposits of coal, iron ore, gold, molybdenum, rare metals, semiprecious raw materials, building materials.

The administrative center of the city of Neryungri. There are 9 settlements, including 1 city, 2 rural settlements, 6 r. n., 2 nasleg, 6 village administrations. The population according to the data for 1989 is 120.2 thousand people, including urban - 117.3, rural - 2.9. At present, the permanent population is 107.9 thousand people, including urban - 106.0, rural - 1.9 (01.01.99). Population density 1.09 people per sq. km. The bulk of the population (according to the 1989 census) are Russians (72.5%). Sakhas (1.3%), Evenks (0.8%), and other nationalities (25.4%) also live here. The average age of the population is 31 years.

On the territory of the City Council, a territorial production complex for the extraction of coking coal, the Neryungrinsky coal mine, an enrichment plant, the Neryungrinsky State District Power Plant, a house-building plant, the production of building materials, a plant for the repair of mining equipment and road equipment are being developed. The share of the city of Neryungri accounts for 97% of the mined coal, 24% of gold. There is a railway line BAM-Tynda-Berkakit-Ugolnaya. Railway stations - Berkakit, Zolotinka, Neryungri-Ugolnaya, Neryungri-Passenger. The City Council includes the Zolotinka reindeer-breeding and commercial state farm, the Neryungrinsky and Energostroitel state farms, and peasant farms. Transport links - railway (Small BAM), road (Amur-Yakutsk mainline), air. At the service of the population are trade and consumer services enterprises, a printing house, club institutions, museums, vocational schools, branches of the Novosibirsk Institute “Sibgiproshakht” and the Yakutsk State University. , general education, music, sports and art schools, sports complexes, stadiums. Health and trade institutions.

28.03.2023

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