Transliteration from Latin to Cyrillic. How to write Russian names and surnames in English letters
Transliteration of the Russian alphabet in Latin- transmission of letters, words, expressions and related texts written using the Russian alphabet (Cyrillic) using the Latin alphabet.
ISO 9:1995- the current standard adopted by the International Organization for Standardization. According to this standard, each letter of the Cyrillic alphabets uniquely corresponds to one letter of the Latin alphabet (including diacritics), regardless of the position of the letter and the language of the original text. The standard allows you to transliterate any Cyrillic text in any modern language into Latin, and then restore the original using the transliteration.
| Letter | Driver's license certificate (2000) |
international passport (1997-2010) |
GOST R 52535.1-2006 | System B GOST 7.79-2000 |
ALA-LC | BGN/PCGN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| e | e, ye | e, ye | e | e | e | e, ye |
| e | e, yo, ye | e, ye | e | yo | ë | ë, yë |
| And | i, yi | i | i | i | i | i |
| th | y | y | i | j | ĭ | y |
| X | kh | kh | kh | x | kh | kh |
| ts | ts | ts | tc | c, cz | t͡s | ts |
| b | " | " | not displayed | " | " | " |
| ъ | " | "" | not displayed | "" | "" | "" |
| Yu | yu | yu | iu | yu | i͡u | yu |
| I | ya | ya | ia | ya | i͡a | ya |
Notes:
1: At the beginning of words, as well as after vowels and b, b. 2: After consonants Ch, Sh, Shch, Zh. 3: After consonants, except Ch, Sh, Shch, Zh. 4: After b (Vasilyev) 5: After b. 6: Recommended to use c before letters e, i, y, j; And cz- in other cases.
International telegrams
When composing an international telegram originating from Russia in Russian, it must be written in Latin letters. For this, the transliteration table defined by the Instructions on the procedure for processing international telegrams in post offices, approved by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Communications and Informatization in 2001, should be used.
UN transliteration system
UN transliteration system developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and was officially adopted in 1987 at the Fifth UN Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in Montreal. Recommended for transliteration of geographical names and can be used in the production of maps. Almost identical to ISO/R 9 and GOST 16876-71, but differs from GOST 7.79-2000 in the display of the letters Shch, Yu, Ya.
BGN/PCGN system
Main article: Transliteration BGN/PCGN
BGN/PCGN system- standard adopted by the US Geographical Names Commission (in 1944) and the UK Standing Committee on Geographical Names (in 1947) for the transmission of geographical names. It is essentially a standardization of the existing practice of transferring Russian names and is well understood by native English speakers. The standard does not use diacritics or unusual letters. In the strict version of the standard, the midpoint (·) may be used to avoid ambiguities.
In practice, a simplified version of the standard is often used, in which the letter e transmitted as yo, endings -th And th simplified to -y(but not -iy And -yy), and apostrophes conveying letters are omitted b And ъ. A similar system has been adopted for the transfer of Russian names and titles in the English Wikipedia (see BGN/PCGN romanization of Russian).
Library systems
ALA-LC
Transliteration system of the American Library Association and the Library of Congress- used by libraries in the USA, Canada and Great Britain since 1975 (updated 1997).
It has two versions - practical and strict. The latter uses diacritics, and the letters of some digraphs are connected at the top by a bow.
British standard
BS 2979:1958- the main system used by Oxford University Press and used by the British Library until 1975.
Comparative table of transliteration systems
| Scientific | ISO 9:1995 GOST 7.79-2000 |
ISO/R 9 (1968), GOST 16876-71, ST SEV 1362-78, UN (1987) |
BGN/PCGN (1944) | British standard (1958) |
ALA-LC | GOST R 52535.1-2006 | International telegrams | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| system A | system B | Table 1 | table 2 | |||||||
| Ah, ah | a | |||||||||
| B, b | b | |||||||||
| In, in | v | |||||||||
| G, g | g | |||||||||
| D, d | d | |||||||||
| Her | e | e | e | e,je | e | e, ye | e | e | E | e |
| Her | ë | ë | yo | ë | jo | ë, yë | ë | ë | E | e |
| F, F | ž | ž | zh | ž | zh | zh | zh | zh | ZH | j |
| Z, z | z | |||||||||
| And, and | i | |||||||||
| Y, y | j | j | j | j | jj | y | ĭ | ĭ | I | i |
| K, k | k | |||||||||
| L, l | l | |||||||||
| Mm | m | |||||||||
| N, n | n | |||||||||
| Oh oh | o | |||||||||
| P, p | p | |||||||||
| R, R | r | |||||||||
| With, with | s | |||||||||
| T, t | t | |||||||||
| Uh, uh | u | |||||||||
| F, f | f | |||||||||
| X, x | ch, x | h | x | h, ch | kh | kh | kh | kh | KH | h |
| Ts, ts | c | c | cz, c | c | c | ts | ts | t͡s | TC | c |
| H, h | č | č | ch | č | ch | ch | ch | ch | CH | ch |
| Sh, sh | š | š | sh | š | sh | sh | sh | sh | SH | sh |
| sch, sch | šč | ŝ | shh | ŝ, šč | shh | shch | shch | shch | SHCH | sc |
| b, b | ″ | ″ | `` | ″ | ″ | ″ | ″ | ″ | - | - |
| Y, y | y | y | y` | y | y | y | ȳ(ui) | y | Y | y |
| b, b | ′ | ′ | ` | ′ | ′ | ′ | ′ | ′ | - | - |
| Uh, uh | è | è | e` | è | eh | e | é | ė | E | e |
| Yu, Yu | ju | û | yu | û, ju | ju | yu | yu | i͡u | IU | iu |
| I, I | ja | â | ya | â, ja | ja | ya | ya | i͡a | I.A. | ia |
Notes:
1: Valid alternatives. 2: According to the order of the GUGK No. 231p for 1983 and the following UN recommendations for 1987 for e, x, c, sch, yu, i in geographical names only e, h, c, šč, ju, ja. 3: At the beginning of words and after vowels. 4: Recommended to use c before letters e, i, y, j; And cz- in other cases. 5: The correspondence for the characters of the Russian alphabet Ъ and ь is not defined by the standard. 6: Russian letters Ъ and ь should not be used when transliterating telegrams; correspondence for them has not been established. 7: For technical reasons, only capital letters are used in documents.
Transliteration systems based on specific languages
There are also traditional systems built taking into account the characteristics of a particular language. They were actively used until the middle of the 20th century before the adoption of international systems.
German is used in the German Wikipedia and in German publications (for example, in Duden). The French one was used in Soviet-style international passports.
| German | French | |
|---|---|---|
| Ah, ah | a | a |
| B, b | b | b |
| In, in | w | v |
| G, g | g; w (at the end -th/-his) | g; gu (before e, i) |
| D, d | d | d |
| Her | e; je (at the beginning of words and after vowels) | e; ïe (after a vowel, but not after “and”); ie (at the beginning of words, after “ь” and “ъ”) |
| Her | jo; o (after hissing ones) | io; e (in some traditional spellings) |
| F, F | sch (or sh) | j |
| Z, z | s | z |
| And, and | i | i; ï (after a vowel, but not after “and”) |
| Y, y | i (after vowels); j (at the beginning of syllables); (in endings -th/-th omitted) | ï; (in endings -th, th omitted) |
| K, k | k; ("ks" = x) | k; ("ks" = x) |
| L, l | l | l |
| Mm | m | m |
| N, n | n | n; ne (at the end of words after “and”, “s”, “y”) |
| Oh oh | o | o |
| P, p | p | p |
| R, R | r | r |
| With, with | s, ss (between vowels) | s; ss (between vowels) |
| T, t | t | t |
| Uh, uh | u | ou; u (in some traditional spellings) |
| F, f | f | f |
| X, x | ch | kh |
| Ts, ts | z | ts |
| H, h | tsch | tch |
| Sh, sh | sch | ch |
| sch, sch | schtsch (or stsch) | chtch |
| b, b | (lowered); j (before "e") | (lowers) |
| Y, y | y | y |
| b, b | " (or omitted); j (before "e" and "i") | " (or omitted) |
| Uh, uh | e | e |
| Yu, Yu | ju | iou; ïou (after a vowel, but not after “and”); ou (after “and”); you (in some traditional spellings) |
| I, I | ja | ia; ïa (after a vowel, but not after “and”); a (after “and”); ya (in some traditional spellings) |
see also
- Translit (spontaneous practice of transmitting the Russian language in Latin letters in SMS and the computer sphere)
- Russian Latin alphabet (proposals for the transition of the Russian language to the Latin alphabet)
- Latinization (a campaign to transfer the writings of the peoples of the USSR into the Latin alphabet, carried out in the 1920s - 1930s)
- Romanization (transmission of non-Latin writing using the extended Latin alphabet)
- Wikipedia:Romanization of Russian - rules for transliteration of the Russian language adopted in the English section of Wikipedia.
Notes
Links
Services
- Translitor.net - online Cyrillic transliteration service
- Translit.ru - transliterator for Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages
Documentation
- GOST 7.79-2000: System of standards for information, library and publishing. Rules for transliteration of the Cyrillic script into the Latin alphabet
- Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of May 26, 1997 N 310 “On approval of the Instructions on the procedure for issuing and issuing passports to citizens of the Russian Federation for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation” (lost force from March 16, 2010)
- Orders for the Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR
It will help you perform the correct transliteration from Russian into English of the necessary data: names, titles, URLs of website pages. Transliteration online (translit online) is a convenient and easy-to-use program that will make your work easier and help you correctly present the necessary information in Latin.
Advantages of our online transliterator:
- Taken into account the rules of various systems;
- Ready URL for inserting into the site;
- Online translation in real time.
Use proven resources and don’t waste time on lengthy transliteration!
Translit online
Below you can find out what transliteration is and also get acquainted with the main transliteration systems.
What is transliteration?
Transliteration is the most correct and relatively easy way of transmitting text written in one alphabetic system through another, for example, Russian words in Latin letters. This method was developed by Schleicher and is still in demand. This is logical, because thanks to this method it becomes possible to correctly and accurately issue a driver’s license, international passport, diplomas and other documents.
In other words, this is the rendering of Russian words in Latin letters (in English), that is, the representation of Russian words using the English alphabet. For example, “goodbye” will sound not “bye”, but “dosvidaniya”.
Where is it used?
Initially, transliteration from English into Russian was studied and used mainly by translators, but today the scope of its use has expanded significantly. Transliteration has become very popular on the Internet.
When translating, professional translators use the transliteration method if:
- It is necessary to write your full name in documents, addresses (streets), as well as other Russian letters in Latin letters. For example, Kovalenko - Kovalenko; Lebedinaya street - ylitsa Lebedinaya;
- We are talking about the realities of a locality or country that have no designation in the target language or there is a need to emphasize the flavor of the language. So, we can cite as an example the well-known borscht, which is translated as “borsch”, grandmother - “babushka”.
If we talk about Internet technologies, then transliteration into English serves to:
- Come up with a name for the site. Despite the English letters, many site names are easy to read in Russian.
Use in correspondence or online communication. Here letters are often replaced by numbers or other symbols. H is often expressed in writing as 4. Cap - Shapo4ka. It is also a favorite method of communication for gamers, who often use transliteration into English.
The most popular transliteration systems
There are various transliteration systems. They may have some differences between them. We propose to consider several of the most relevant methods of transliteration.
Transliteration according to GOST. This is an approved document that defines how to transliterate Cyrillic languages using the Latin alphabet. GOST 7.79-2000 - adapted to the international standard ISO9, adopted in Russia.
Transliteration for documents according to ICAO requirements. ICAO stands for International Civil Aviation Organization. This organization has developed its own system of transliteration of surnames and given names. This system is often included in online transliteration from Russian into English.
Transliteration using the TYP system(Traveller's Yellow Pages Transliteration). Despite the wide variety of transliteration systems, this system is quite popular and most used. It has its own distinctive rules for transliteration from Russian to English, which can be seen in the table below.
Transliteration by order of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs N 4271 used for issuing international passports.
Transliteration by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs N 995 used for issuing driver's licenses and at the moment (2018) coincides with the transliteration for international passports.
Transliteration for Yandex. Often, the name of the article itself in English letters is used as the title of the site page. To achieve good results in search engines, you need to use the Yandex algorithm.
When transliterating some letters of Russian (or any other Slavic language), such as sch, c, s, ch, y, zh, yu, in English cause the greatest difficulties. Let's look at how they are transliterated according to the systems discussed above using a summary transliteration table.
Final table of transliteration from Russian to English
Below is a summary table for transliteration from Russian into English, which shows the systems discussed above.
|
Russian letters |
TYP system |
ICAO system |
GOST 7.79-2000 |
Orders of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs N 4271 / Ministry of Internal Affairs N 995 |
|
|
You may be interested in studying the topic of English letters and sounds in more detail. With the help of the online tutorial Lim English, you can take a specialized course on this topic. and start some fun activities! |
Enter the text in Russian letters:
Translate Clear
How to say in Latin letters:
Why translate Russian letters into Latin?
Since Russia is not yet a very rich country and most companies cannot afford to organize the distribution of free samples to advertise their products, at the moment most offers for freebies come from abroad.
Since the most common language is English, order forms for free samples are often in English.
The address information and full name of the recipient in such forms must be filled out in Latin. Since both our postmen and those companies that distribute freebies will understand the Latin alphabet.
If you write in Russian, then there is a risk that the organizers of the action simply will not want to spend time translating and understanding what is written there.
If you write in English, then our postmen will not understand who and where to deliver.
The best option is to write the freebie delivery address and the full name of the freebie recipient in Latin.
Now the Internet is full of different translators, but most of them are either not convenient or take a long time to search for.
We suggest constantly using our free translator of Russian text into Latin.
When you order freebies through forms written in English, write the delivery address and full name in Latin.
Our free, simple and convenient service will allow you to translate Russian text into Latin. When we order samples from foreign sites, we always do this and get a freebie, not always of course :-), but it comes. So the method is correct.
To obtain transliteration (transcription) of Latin words online, enter/paste a word or text in Latin (up to 200 characters) and, if necessary, click the Translit button.
Salve!
Features of transliteration (transcription) of words/text in Latin
- Latin characters of any case are processed; the result is given in lowercase Russian letters:
- The following Latin characters with accents are processed: ā ē ī ō ū ; â ê î ô û ; ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ; ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ě ; œ æ ; ў ỹ ȳ ; e:
- Latin letter j in all positions it is transmitted as [th]. The possibility of using a letter is taken into account i instead of j.
- In the transliteration results the sign G conveys fricative sound [γ] , sign ў - non-syllable sound [y]. Settings allow you to use instead of a sign G signs G or X, instead of the sign ў - sign V. For Android devices instead G the default is [ h].
- The Tradition settings set allows you to transliterate Latin words according to traditional rules (using the settings you can change any option). In particular:
- s, c, combinations ti;
- positional variants of reading combinations are not taken into account ns, sm, consoles ex-;
- combinations qu, ngu [kv], [ngv]:
- combinations ae, oe transliterated as [e]:
- The Classic settings set allows you to transliterate Latin words according to classical rules (using the settings you can change any option). In particular:
- positional variants of reading letters are not taken into account s, c, combinations ti, ns, sm, consoles ex-;
- combinations qu, ngu before u transliterated as [ku], [ngu], in other cases - as [kv], [ngv];
- combination ae transliterated as [e], oe- How [ӭ] :
- use u instead of instead of v not supported:
- The Medicine settings set allows you to transliterate Latin words according to the rules adopted for reading medical, biological, and chemical Latin terms (using the settings you can change any option). In particular:
- positional options for reading letters are taken into account s, c, combinations ti, ns, sm, consoles ex-;
- combinations qu, ngu before all vowels are transliterated as [kv], [ngv]:
- combinations ae, oe transliterated as [e]:
- In “Tradition”, “Classic” modes in words of Greek origin s between vowels is processed correctly only in the following cases:
- If after there are combinations in the word th, ph, rh, ch, sm or letters y, z;
- if the word contains Greek term elements taken into account in the script:
Use the rule:
In words of Greek origin, the formal features of which are letters y, z and combinations th, ph, rh, ch, sm letter s between vowels is always read as [With]: hypophysis [hypophysis].
- Reading options at the junction of morphemes are taken into account in the following cases:
- in word forms sua:
- in forms on -nti-um:
- in comparative degree forms -t-ior-:
- in combination eu at the end of a word before m, s:
- in forms on -e-und-:
- if the word contains prefixes, term elements, words taken into account in the script:
- The accents are not placed.
Use the rules:
- In words of two or more syllables, the stress is never placed on the last syllable.
- In words of two syllables, the emphasis is on the first syllable: ró-sa [rose].
- In words of three syllables, the place of stress is determined by the penultimate syllable:
- if the penultimate syllable has a long vowel or diphthong, the stress is placed on the penultimate syllable: oc-c ī́ -do [ok-qi-do], the-s áu-rus [te-saў-rus];
- if the penultimate syllable has a short vowel, the stress is placed on the third syllable from the end: lí-qu ĭ -dus [li-qui-dus];
- if the penultimate syllable has a vowel before two or more consonants, the stress is placed on the penultimate syllable: ma-gí s-t er [ma-gis-ter];
- if the penultimate syllable has a vowel before the vowel, the stress is placed on the third syllable from the end: ná-t i-o[na-tsi-o].
Online service: text transliteration- writing Russian characters in Latin letters.
On the transliteration of Russian names and surnames
When filling out registration forms, questionnaires, and various types of documents (for example, a passport or visa), you have to write your last name, first name, and address in Latin (English) letters. This service allows automate translation ( transliteration) Russians letters in English.
How to write your last name and first name correctly in English? How to correctly name a Russian website in English letters? There are various systems or rules for the transliteration of first and last names (transliteration of Russian words). They are based on the process of simply replacing letters of the Russian alphabet with the corresponding letters or combinations of letters of the English alphabet (see below). The difference between the transliteration systems of first and last names is observed when translating some letters, for example E, Ё, Ъ, ь and diphthongs (combinations of a vowel and J).
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In order to translate english letters V Russians Paste the text into the top input field and click the "Make" button. As a result, in the lower input field you will get a translation of the Russian text into a transcript (Russian words in English letters).
Note. Since March 16, 2010, when issuing a foreign passport, new rules for transliteration of the Cyrillic alphabet for the Russian alphabet are used. The result may not match the old name, for example, on a plastic card. In order for the name to be entered correctly in the international passport (as before), that is, so that it matches the name on the credit card or driver’s license, you must additionally submit a corresponding application. Example: According to the new system, Julia will be Iuliia, most likely you will want Julia or Yuliya (which, in my opinion, is more harmonious).
When issuing a driver's license, a transliteration system different from a foreign passport is used, similar to the system for a US visa. At the request of the owner of the entry, Latin letters on driver’s licenses may
