NTR of the incident. The new scientific and technological revolution and the modern world

Of great importance for a correct understanding of the processes observed in social life is the analysis of the modern scientific and technological revolution.

- this is a qualitative transformation, the transformation of science into a productive force and the corresponding radical change in the material and technical base of social production, its form and content, character, .

influences the entire structure of production and the person himself. Main features of the scientific and technological revolution:

• universality - covers almost all sectors of the national economy and affects all spheres of human activity;
• rapid development of science and technology;
• a change in the role of man in the production process - in the process of the scientific and technological revolution, the requirements for the level of qualifications increase, the share of mental labor increases.

The modern scientific and technological revolution is characterized by the following changes in the sphere of production:

Firstly, the conditions, nature and content of labor change due to the introduction of scientific achievements into production. Previous types of labor are being replaced by machine-automated labor. The introduction of automatic machines significantly increases labor productivity, removing restrictions on speed, accuracy, continuity, etc., associated with the psychophysiological properties of a person. At the same time, the place of man in production changes. A new type of “man-technology” connection is emerging, which does not limit the development of either man or technology. In automated production, machines produce machines.

Secondly, new types of energy are beginning to be used - nuclear, sea tides, earth's bowels. There is a qualitative change in the use of electromagnetic and solar energy.

Third, natural materials are being replaced with artificial ones. Plastics and polyvinyl chloride products are widely used.

Fourth, production technology is changing. For example, mechanical impact on a work item is replaced by physical and chemical impact. In this case, magnetic-pulse phenomena, ultrasound, ultra-frequencies, electro-hydraulic effect, various types of radiation, etc. are used.

Modern technology is characterized by the fact that cyclic technological processes are increasingly being replaced by continuous flow processes.

New technological methods also impose new requirements on tools (increased accuracy, reliability, ability to self-regulate), on objects of labor (precisely specified quality, clear feeding mode, etc.), on working conditions (strictly specified requirements for illumination, temperature the regime in the premises, their cleanliness, etc.).

Fifthly, the nature of control changes. The use of automated control systems changes the place of humans in the management and production control system.

At sixth, the system of generation, storage and transmission of information is changing. The use of computers significantly speeds up processes associated with the production and use of information, improves methods of decision-making and evaluation.

Seventh, the requirements for professional training are changing. The rapid change in the means of production poses the task of constant professional improvement and raising the level of qualifications. A person is required to have professional mobility and a higher level of morality. The number of intellectuals is growing, and the requirements for their professional training are increasing.

Eighth, a transition is taking place from extensive to intensive development of production.

Development of equipment and technology in the conditions of scientific and technological revolution

In the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution, the development of technology and technology occurs in two ways:

• evolutionary;
• revolutionary.

Evolutionary path consists of constant improvement of technology and technology, as well as in magnification power productivity of machines and equipment, in growth carrying capacity of vehicles, etc. So, in the early 50s, the largest sea tanker could hold 50 thousand tons of oil. In the 70s, supertankers with a carrying capacity of 500 thousand tons or more began to be produced.

Revolutionary path is the main through the development of technology and technology in the era of the scientific and technological revolution and consists in the transition to a fundamentally new technique and technology. The revolutionary path is the main path of development of technology and technology in the era of scientific and technological revolution.

Production automation process

During the period of the scientific and technological revolution, technology enters a new stage of its development - automation stage.

Transformation of science into a direct productive force And production automation- This the most important characteristics of the scientific and technological revolution. They change the connection between man and technology. Science plays the role of a generator of new ideas, and technology acts as their material embodiment.

Scientists divide the production automation process into a number of stages:

• The first is characterized by the spread of semi-automatic mechanics. The worker supplements the technological process with intellectual and physical strength (loading, unloading machines).
• The second stage is characterized by the appearance of computer-controlled machines based on the computer equipment of the production process.
• The third stage is associated with complex production automation. This stage is characterized by automated workshops and automatic factories.
• The fourth stage is the period of completed automation of the economic complex, becoming a self-regulating system.

The foregoing indicates that the scientific and technological revolution is expressed in qualitative transformation of the people's life support system.

The scientific and technological revolution transforms not only the sphere of production, but also changes the environment, everyday life, settlement and other spheres of public life.

Characteristic features of the course of the scientific and technological revolution:

• Firstly, the scientific and technological revolution is accompanied by the concentration of capital. This is explained by the fact that the technical re-equipment of enterprises requires the concentration of financial resources and their significant costs.
• Secondly, the process of scientific and technological revolution is accompanied by a deepening division of labor. Thirdly, the growth of the economic power of firms leads to increased influence on their part on political power.

The implementation of the scientific and technological revolution also has some Negative consequences in the form of increasing social inequality, increasing pressure on the natural environment, increasing the destructiveness of wars, decreasing social health, etc.

One of the most important social tasks is to realize the need to make maximum use of the positive consequences of the scientific and technological revolution and reduce the volume of its negative consequences.

The scientific and technological revolution (STR) is a period of time during which there is a qualitative leap in the development of science and technology, radically transforming the productive forces of society. The scientific and technological revolution began in the middle of the 20th century, and by the 70s it had increased the economic potential several times. The achievements of scientific and technological revolution were primarily taken advantage of economically, which turned them into an accelerator of scientific and technological progress.

The components of scientific and technological revolution are science, technology, technology, production, and management.

The most important features characterizing the scientific and technological revolution are the following.

1. The exceptionally rapid development of science, its transformation into a direct productive force. An extremely important economic indicator of the scientific and technological revolution era is the cost of R&D (research and development work). A huge share of them are in developed countries: , . At the same time, US expenses significantly exceed those of other countries. In Russia, R&D costs are significantly lower than not only in the United States, but also in other countries, which, naturally, is a consequence of the low technical level of production. It is obvious that the development of science cannot occur without a modern education system. Japan's significant successes in the development of knowledge-intensive industries and in the implementation of scientific and technological progress in industry are directly related to the education system - one of the best in the world.
2. Radical changes in the technical base of production. We are talking about the widespread use of computers, robots, the introduction of new technologies and the intensification of old methods and technologies, the discovery and use of new sources and types of energy, and increasing labor efficiency through a highly qualified workforce.
3. Scientific and technological progress influences the sectoral structure of material production, while the share of industry in it sharply increases, since the growth of labor productivity in other sectors of the economy depends on it. Agriculture in the era of scientific and technological revolution acquires an industrial character. In the industry itself, the share of the manufacturing industry has increased, which accounts for 9/10 of the cost of all products. Among the industries, chemical, electric power, on which scientific and technological progress primarily depends, and mechanical engineering began to stand out. The current state of scientific and technological progress is usually judged by the share of science-intensive products in the total volume of production. NTR has made big changes to . The share of railway transport in the total volume of transportation has decreased, as its role has decreased. Most international trade is provided by sea transport, but it is almost not involved in passenger transport, which is “outsourced” to air transport.
4. In the era of scientific and technological revolution, the problem of managing modern production is of particular importance. Production management has become extremely complex and is associated with the coordination of the development of science, technology and production. Management in the era of scientific and technological revolution requires special training. They are especially widely represented in the USA and Japan. Graduates of these schools - production managers - are called managers. Their preparation has also begun in Russia in recent years.

1. Resource factor.

It determined the location of production from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Many resource basins have become centers of industry. For example, the Urals are the first base of industrialization in Russia. In the era of scientific and technological revolution, such a “link” of industry to mineral resource bases appears much less frequently, but for the location of extractive industries, the resource factor continues to be the main one. Since many old basins and deposits are severely depleted, it is in the mining industry that the first shift has been observed to areas of new development, often with extreme conditions.

The resource factor still continues to play an important role in industrialization and influences the location of production.

2. Knowledge-intensive factor.

One of the important factors in the location of production in the era of scientific and technological revolution is the attraction to the centers of science and education. First of all, this circumstance determines knowledge-intensive industries, and they gravitate towards scientific centers and educational institutions. Some countries are characterized by a strong territorial concentration of scientific research, while others, on the contrary, are dispersed. In the era of scientific and technological revolution, many Western countries are characterized by the integration of science and production. As a result, scientific-industrial complexes or technopolises emerge. Thus, in Japan in the 80s they began to create technopolises, selecting science-intensive areas for them: aerospace technology, robotics, computer production. Similar technopolises can be found in the USA.

3. Gravity factor towards skilled labor.

This factor has always influenced and continues to influence the location of production. Now any country needs not just, but highly qualified people capable of operating modern technology.

4. Environmental factor.

It existed before, but during the scientific and technological revolution it acquired special significance. Taking into account the environmental factor during the construction of economic facilities has become mandatory. The legislation provides for serious sanctions against persons who neglect this factor.

In the era of scientific and technological revolution, such factors as consumer, energy, and territorial have not lost their importance. Individual states continue to play a significant role.

Hello dear readers! In this article I would like to talk about how the development of science and technology took place on Earth. What are the development paths for this...

The development of civilization is associated with scientific and technological progress. There are separate periods of deep and rapid changes in productive forces. This process is based on the transformation of science into a direct productive force of society. Such periods are called - scientific and technological revolution (STR) .

The beginning of modern scientific and technological revolution dates back to the middle of the 20th century, in which, as a rule, 4 main features are distinguished.

Firstly, it is versatility. This revolution concerns all spheres of human activity and covers almost all sectors of the national economy. Modern scientific and technological revolution is associated with such concepts as television, nuclear power plants, spaceships, jet planes, computers, etc.

Secondly, this is the rapid development of technology and science. The distance from a fundamental discovery to its application in practice has sharply decreased. 102 years have passed from the discovery of the principle of photography to the first photograph, and for example, for a laser this period was reduced to only 5 years.

Thirdly, this is a change in the human role in the production process. Requirements for the level of qualifications of labor resources increase in the process of scientific and technological progress. Some mental work, of course, increases under these conditions.

Fourthly, modern scientific and technological revolution originated during the Second World War as a military-technical one, and in many ways continued to remain so throughout the entire period after the war.

Today, the modern scientific and technological revolution is a complex system that consists of four interacting parts: 1) the science; 2) technology and engineering; 3) production; 4) management.

In the era of scientific and technological revolution, science is a very complex component of knowledge. This is a large area of ​​human activity that employs many people around the world. The connection between production and science has especially increased. Production has become more scientific, that is, the level of costs for scientific research in the production of products is increasing.

Expenditures on science in developed countries amount to 2–3% of GDP. And in developing countries these costs are only a fraction of a percent.

The development of technology and engineering in the conditions of scientific and technological revolution occurs along two paths - revolutionary and evolutionary.

Revolutionary path– fundamental in the development of technology and technology in the era of scientific and technological revolution. The essence of this path is the transition to a fundamentally new technology and technique. It is no coincidence that the second wave of scientific and technological revolution, which began in the 70s, is often called the “microelectronic revolution.”

The transition to the latest technologies is also of great importance. At the level with traditional ways of improving production, the newest areas of production are intensively developing, of which 6 main areas can be distinguished.

1. Electronization. This is the saturation of electronic computer technology in all areas of activity.

2. Complex automation or the use of robotics, and the creation of new flexible production systems, automatic factories.

3. Restructuring the energy sector. It is based on energy conservation, the use of new energy sources, and improving the structure of the fuel and energy balance.

4. Production of fundamentally new materials, for example, titanium, lithium, optical fiber, beryllium, composite, ceramic materials, semiconductors.

5. Accelerated development of biotechnology.

6. Spaceization and the emergence of the aerospace industry, which contributed to the emergence of new alloys, machines, and devices.

Evolutionary path manifests itself in an increase in the carrying capacity of vehicles, in an increase in the productivity of equipment and machinery, as well as in the constant improvement of technology and technology.

For example, the largest sea tanker, in the early 50s, could hold 50 thousand tons of oil, and in the 70s, they began to build super tankers that could hold 500 thousand tons or more.

New requirements for management characterize the modern stage of scientific and technological revolution. Modern humanity is experiencing a period of information revolution, which began with the transition from conventional (paper) to electronic (computer) information.

One of the newest knowledge-intensive industries has become the production of various information technology. Computer science, in this situation, is of great importance. Computer science is the science of collecting, processing and using information.

Thus, it is not for nothing that the scientific and technological revolution bears such a name. It, like any other revolution, brings all kinds of changes: in production, science and technology, it greatly helps modern humanity in development, and is already an integral part of everyday life.

For the fifth year now, ANO NTR, in partnership with MegaFon, has been implementing the interregional project “Living for Real,” in which teams of senior orphans and graduates of orphan institutions from 22 regions of Russia took part and continue to be active. This year the project will start in 5 more regions.

The program has been implemented by the SUEK – REGIONS Foundation and the New Development Technologies ANO since 2016. It is aimed at developing in young people a technological culture, project and entrepreneurial thinking, leadership qualities and teamwork skills, instilling a sense of responsibility for their professional self-determination and choice of life path.

For several years now, ANO NTR, with the support of the Chevron company, has been leading the project “Social Entrepreneurship - the Path to the Successful Integration of Disabled People in the Krasnodar Territory.” We have repeatedly talked about the successful work of the School of Social Entrepreneurship, the achievements of its graduates, and the friendly and efficient team on the pages of our website.

The program is a continuation of the 2018 project and is aimed at increasing the efficiency of strategic planning and implementation of territorial development plans through the synergy of public initiatives, government and business resources.

The next training session of the annual program “School of Social Entrepreneurship”, implemented by the SUEK-REGIONS Foundation and the ANO “New Development Technologies”, was held in Krasnoyarsk

During the seminar “The school is ahead of change: the system of design and research work of schools and kindergartens,” 30 representatives of preschool and general education institutions in the territories of presence of the Siberian Coal Energy Company (SUEK) reported on the work on using the knowledge already acquired in practice and continued to master modern pedagogical methods and techniques.

40 public sector employees and aspiring businessmen from the settlements of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kemerovo Region and Khakassia - regions where enterprises of Siberian Coal Energy Company JSC operate - took part in the first educational session.

A seminar “School ahead of change: a new vision of the place of educational institutions in the life of society” was held in Abakan, to which heads and employees of educational institutions of the territories where the Siberian Coal Energy Company (SUEK) operates were invited.