How to mark the coordinates on the map. Geographic latitude and geographic longitude

Geographic latitude and longitude are plotted on a world map. With their help, it is easy to determine the location of the object.

A geographical map of the world is a reduced projection of the earth's surface on a plane. Continents, islands, oceans, seas, rivers, as well as countries, large cities and other objects are applied on it.

• A coordinate grid is plotted on a geographic map.
• On it you can see clearly information about the continents, seas and oceans, and the map allows you to create an image of the relief of the world.
• Using a geographical map, you can calculate the distance between cities and countries. It is also convenient to search for the location of land and ocean objects.

The shape of the Earth is like a sphere. If you need to determine a point on the surface of this sphere, then you can use the globe, which is our planet in miniature. But there is the most common way to find a point on Earth - these are geographical coordinates - latitude and longitude. These parallels are measured in degrees.

Geographic map of the world with latitude and longitude - photo:

The parallels that are drawn along and across the entire map are latitude and longitude. With their help, you can quickly and easily find any place in the world.

The geographical map of the hemispheres is convenient for perception. Africa, Eurasia and Australia are depicted on one hemisphere (eastern). On the other - the western hemisphere - North and South America.

Even our ancestors were engaged in the study of latitude and longitude. Even then there were maps of the world, not similar to modern ones, but with their help you can also determine where and what object is located. A simple explanation of what the geographic latitude and longitude of an object on a map is:

Latitude is a coordinate value in the system of spherical numbers that defines a point on the surface of our planet relative to the equator.

• If the objects are located in the northern hemisphere, then the geographic latitude is called positive, if in the southern hemisphere - negative.
• South latitude - the object is moving from the equator towards the North Pole.
• North latitude - the object is moving towards the South Pole from the equator.
• On a map, latitudes are lines that are parallel to each other. The distance between these lines is measured in degrees, minutes, seconds. One degree is 60 minutes and one minute is 60 seconds.
• The equator is zero latitude.

Longitude is a coordinate value that determines the location of the object relative to the zero meridian.

• This coordinate allows you to find out the location of the object relative to the west and east.
• Lines of longitude are meridians. They are located perpendicular to the equator.
• The zero point of longitude in geography is the Greenwich Laboratory, which is located in east London. This line of longitude is called the Greenwich meridian.
• Objects that are to the east of the Greenwich meridian are the east longitude area, and those to the west are the west longitude area.
• East longitudes are considered positive, and west longitudes are considered negative.

With the help of the meridian, such a direction as north-south is determined, and vice versa.

Latitude on a geographical map is measured from the equator - this is zero degrees. At the poles - 90 degrees of geographical latitude.

From what points, what meridian is the geographic longitude measured?

Longitude on a geographical map is measured from Greenwich. The prime meridian is 0°. The farther away from Greenwich an object is, the greater its longitude.

To determine the location of an object, you need to know its geographical latitude and longitude. As mentioned above, latitude shows the distance from the equator to a given object, and longitude shows the distance from Greenwich to the desired object or point.

How to measure, find out the geographical latitude and longitude on the world map? Each parallel of latitude is indicated by a specific number - a degree.

Meridians are also indicated by degrees.

Measure, find out the geographical latitude and longitude on the world map

Any point will be located either at the intersection of the meridian and the parallel, or at the intersection of intermediate indicators. Therefore, its coordinates are indicated by specific indicators of latitude and longitude. For example, St. Petersburg is located at the following coordinates: 60° north latitude and 30° east longitude.

As mentioned above, latitude is parallels. To determine it, you need to draw a line parallel to the equator or a nearby parallel.

• If the object is located on the parallel itself, then it is easy to determine its location (it was described above).
• If the object is between parallels, then its latitude is determined by the nearest parallel from the equator.
• For example, Moscow is located north of the 50th parallel. The distance to this object is measured along the meridian and it is equal to 6 °, which means that the geographical latitude of Moscow is 56 °.

An illustrative example of determining the geographical coordinates of latitude on a world map can be found in the following video:

Video: Geographic latitude and geographic longitude. Geographical coordinates

To determine geographic longitude, you need to determine the meridian on which the point is located, or its intermediate value.

• For example, St. Petersburg is located on the meridian, the value of which is 30°.
• But what if the object is located between the meridians? How to determine its longitude?
• For example, Moscow is located east of 30° east longitude.
• Now add the number of degrees along the parallel to this meridian. It turns out 8 ° - it means that the geographical longitude of Moscow is 38 ° east longitude.

Another example of determining the geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude on a world map in a video:

Video: Finding latitude and longitude

All parallels and meridians are indicated on any map. What is the maximum value of geographic latitude and longitude? The greatest value of geographical latitude is 90°, and longitude is 180°. The smallest value for latitude is 0° (Equator), and the smallest value for longitude is also 0° (Greenwich Mean Time).

Geographic latitude and longitude of the poles and equator: what is it?

The geographic latitude of the points of the earth's equator is 0°, the North Pole +90°, the South -90°. The longitude of the poles is not determined, since these objects are located on all meridians at once.

Determination of geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude on Yandex and Google maps online

Schoolchildren may need to determine geographic coordinates using maps in real time when doing tests or exams.

• It's convenient, fast and simple. The determination of the geographical coordinates of latitude and longitude on Yandex and Google maps online can be done on various services on the Internet.
• For example, it is enough to enter the name of an object, city or country, and click on it on the map. The geographical coordinates of this object will appear instantly.
• In addition, the resource will show the address of the point being determined.

The online mode is convenient in that you can find out the necessary information here and now.

How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google maps?

If you do not know the exact address of an object, but you know its geographical coordinates, then its location is easy to find on Google or Yandex maps. How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google maps? Do the following:

• Go, for example, to the Google map.
• Enter a geographic coordinate value in the search box. It is allowed to enter degrees, minutes and seconds (for example 41°24’12.2″N 2°10’26.5″E), degrees and decimal minutes (41 24.2028, 2 10.4418), decimal degrees: (41.40338, 2.17403).
• Click "Search", and the object you are looking for on the map will open in front of you.

The result will appear instantly, and the object itself will be marked on the map with a “red drop”.

Finding satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates is easy. You just need to enter keywords in the Yandex or Google search box, and the service will instantly give you what you need.

For example, "Satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates." Many sites will open with the provision of such a service. Choose any, click on the desired object and determine the coordinates.

Satellite maps - determining the coordinates of latitude and longitude

The Internet gives us great opportunities. If earlier it was necessary to use only a paper map to determine longitude and latitude, now it is enough to have a gadget with a network connection.

Video: Geographical coordinates and determination of coordinates

Rice. 2 Geographic coordinates

The position of various objects on the Earth's surface can be determined using geographic coordinates. To read the coordinates, a system of points and circles is conventionally plotted on the globe (Fig. 2). Let us introduce a number of definitions. The imaginary line around which the earth rotates daily is called the earth's axis. Its points of intersection with the earth's surface are called geographic or true poles: northern PN and southern PS. When a sphere is cut by a plane, a circle is obtained, and a circle is formed on the surface of the sphere. If the cutting plane passes through the center of the ball, then the circle has the largest dimensions and is called big. Circles formed from the section of a ball by planes that do not pass through its center are called small. The circumference of the great circle QQ /, whose plane is perpendicular to the earth's axis, is called equator. It divides the globe into northern and southern hemispheres. Circles of small circles, the planes of which are parallel to the plane of the equator, are called parallels(pp /). The circles of great circles, the planes of which pass through the axis of the Earth, are called geographic or true meridians. The half circle of the PnMPs meridian enclosed between the poles and passing through a given point M is called meridian of the observer (place). The PnGPs meridian passing through the astronomical observatory in Greenwich (England) is called Greenwich(initial or zero) meridian. The Greenwich meridian, together with the opposite meridian PnG / Ps, divides the globe into eastern and western hemispheres.

The geographic coordinate system includes two spherical coordinates: latitude and longitude.

Geographic latitude- this is the angle at the center of the Earth between the equatorial plane and a plumb line drawn through a given point (angle MOL, see Fig. 2). Latitude is measured by a meridian arc from the equator to the parallel of a given point. It is measured north or south of the equator from 0 to 90°. If the point is in the northern hemisphere, its latitude is assigned the name N (northern), if in the southern - S (south). Latitude is denoted by a Greek letter "" (fi). Example: j = 45 0 15¢.2 N; j = 55 0 05¢.1 S

Geographic longitude - is the angle at the center of the Earth between the plane of the Greenwich meridian and the plane of the meridian of the given point (angle GOL, see Fig. 2). Longitude is measured by the smaller of the arcs of the equator between the Greenwich meridian and the point meridian and is measured from the Greenwich meridian to the east or west from 0 to 180 °. If the point is in the eastern hemisphere, then the name E (eastern) is attributed to the longitude, if in the western - W (western). Longitude is denoted by a Greek letter "" (lambda). For example: l \u003d 125 0 16¢.9E; l \u003d 105 0 00¢,1W.

Latitude difference and longitude difference. The geographic coordinates of the vessel change as a result of movement. The changes in latitude and longitude of a ship are called latitude and longitude differences. Latitude difference(RSh) of two points on the earth's surface is measured by a meridian arc enclosed between the parallels of these points. The highest value of RS can be 180°, which would correspond to the movement of the vessel from one pole to another. If the ship was moving along any one parallel, then RSH is equal to 0°. The calculated RSH is assigned the name “to N” or “to S”, depending on the direction in which the ship was moving. Longitude difference(RD) of two points on the earth's surface is measured by the smaller of the arcs of the equator enclosed between the meridians of these points. Since the smaller of the arcs of the equator is always taken as the difference in longitudes, its value cannot exceed 180 °. If, when adding opposite longitudes, a value greater than 180 ° is obtained, then the addition of up to 360 ° is taken as a taxiway. Such a case may occur when the vessel crosses the 180° meridian. The calculated value of the taxiway is assigned the name of E or W, depending on the direction in which the ship moved. If the northern latitude and eastern longitude are conditionally assigned a plus sign (+), and the southern latitude and western longitude (-), then the value of RH and RD can be calculated using algebraic formulas:

Rice. 3 Latitude difference and Longitude difference

The sign of the result obtained when calculating by formulas will show the names of RSH and RD. If the addition of up to 360 ° is taken when calculating the RD, then the name of the RD is changed. In order not to be mistaken in the meaning and naming of the calculated RSH and RD, one should have a good idea of ​​the relative position of the meridians and parallels on the globe (see Fig. 3,). In practice, it may be necessary to find the coordinates of the point at which the ship arrived, if the coordinates of the point of departure are given, as well as the RS and TW characterizing the position of the point of arrival. Calculations can be made using algebraic formulas.

The service allows you to quickly determine any geographical coordinates of any geographical objects. The service uses Google Maps in its work.

Also, this service solves a related problem, which looks like this: "How to get the coordinates of settlements from Google Maps?"

In addition, it returns the height above sea level at the specified point.

It can be useful in various life and everyday situations. For calculating astronomical observations, for pointing satellite dishes at a geostationary satellite and many other tasks.

For example:

Learn the sunrise and sunset manually or automatically (Sunrise and sunset and moon)

and much more

Syntax

For Jabber clients: geo<имя объекта>

Object name - any geographical object. It can be written both in Russian and in English. National names in national encoding are supported.

Get the result in the form of information about the latitude and longitude of the found object, in fractions of degrees. I hope everyone knows how to convert fractions of a degree into minutes and seconds?

Exact search when searching for duplicate cities, is formed as follows

geo Paris,+Russia

geo Soviet,+Orenburg,+Russia

Examples

geo Anchor Gap

Found geographical feature Yakornaya Shchel", Krasnodar Krai, Russia

Geographic latitude 43.7739478

Geographic longitude 39.5043029

Altitude above sea level 10.322803497314

geo moscow,+USA

Found geographical object Moscow, ID, USA

Geographic latitude 46.7323875

Geographic longitude -117.0001651

Altitude above sea level 786.34655761719

geo Novosibirsk

Geographical object found Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia

Geographic latitude 55.0166667

Geographic longitude 82.9333333

Altitude above sea level 121.5465927124

Geographic coordinates of any cities in the world | 2011-07-08 11:00:45 | Varlamov Dmitry |

The concept of geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude) is information recorded in a special way about the correctly defined position of an object on the earth's surface in the format that is adopted in a given coordinate system.

To solve most practical problems, the surface of the planet can be taken as a plane, where the location of a point is characterized by only two coordinates. In modern geography, such coordinates are called the latitude and longitude of a point. As a first approximation, these properties of a point can be represented as the distance at which it is separated from the initial value of latitude and longitude.

To correlate the position of the object with the real world, a model of the Earth was created in the form of a map with geographical objects depicted on it: continents, mountains, rivers, cities, and the like. On top of these objects, a degree grid is applied, which serves to determine the coordinates of any place of interest.

How to determine latitude and longitude? There are several ways.

Depending on the goals set for the compilers of maps, the coordinate system may be different. In this case, the model of the Earth can be taken either as an ideal sphere, or as a special geometric figure - the geoid.

Spherical coordinates

If the map represents only a small part of the earth's surface and has a small scale, then a spherical coordinate system is used in its construction.

In this system, from the point considered on the surface of the planet to the geometric center of the sphere, a line is drawn perpendicular to its surface, which is called the normal to the point. The angle between this normal and the equatorial plane will be the geographic latitude of the point of interest.

There is also a spherical coordinate system for points above or below the surface. In this case, the normal turns into a third coordinate, which is the height of the point above sea level. Such a coordinate system is used to calculate the orbits of near-Earth satellites.

Astronomical coordinates

How to determine the latitude and longitude of a point with great accuracy - this task becomes more difficult as the scale increases. The fact is that the discrepancies between the real shape of the Earth and its spherical model appear much more clearly on finely scaled maps. For such cases, an astronomical coordinate system is used that takes into account the true shape of the planet.

Due to the fact that the planet rotates at a sufficiently high speed, its internal substance in the form of a liquid mantle experiences centrifugal force. It pulls the planet at the equator and pulls it together at the poles. Therefore, the radius of the Earth at these 2 points is different: 6357 km from the center of the planet to the pole and 6378 km from the center to the equator.

Such a geometric figure is called the geoid. All points on the geoid surface are directed not to its geometric center, but to its center of mass.

Here lies the main difference between the astronomical coordinate system and the spherical one. In the first line - which in this system is called a plumb line - from a point parallel to the direction of gravity and perpendicular to the earth's surface, and in the second - to the center of the planet.

To determine the plumb line, astronomical observations of the celestial sphere using special instruments or mathematical calculations based on these observations are used. For each region, it will be different, since the substance within the planet is unevenly distributed.

The concept of latitude

If you connect a line with points that are at an equal distance from the pole, you get a parallel. Such parallels can be extended farther and farther from one pole towards the other. At the same time, their length will grow as they move away, since the plane described by them will increase.

At a certain distance, when the parallel is an equal distance from both poles, it will have a maximum length. This parallel is called the equator, and it limits the plane, which is called the equatorial.

The flat dihedral angle between this plane and the parallel on which the object is located is called geographic latitude. The smaller this angle, the closer the considered point is to the equator line. At the equator itself, latitude will be zero.

The parallels are located on either side of it, and the latitude takes on a positive or negative value depending on which hemisphere the object is in.

The concept of longitude

Perpendicular to the parallels, the earth's surface is crossed by other lines called meridians. These arcs also describe a plane in the form of a circle, each of the 2 sides of which is in the opposite hemisphere. The meridian passing through the English city of Greenwich is commonly called "zero" or "reference".

The flat dihedral angle between this meridian and the one on which the point under study stands is called geographic longitude. A straight angle with a value of 180 0 is directly opposite zero, on the other side of the planet. Longitudes are positive to the east of the reference meridian and negative to the west. All meridians converge at one point at the poles of the planet.

Measuring distances with a graticule

To measure distances using a graticule, you need to know what 1 0 of the arc corresponds to. Meridians have a constant length throughout their entire length and 1 0 corresponds to approximately 111 km. The only necessary condition that must be observed in order to find out the distance along the meridian is that both objects must be on the same meridian.

Thus, if the distance between objects is 15 0, then the distance between them will be: 5 x 111 = 555 km.

As for the parallels, as they move away from the equator, their length decreases and it is quite difficult to find out the exact value in kilometers. Therefore, to calculate the distance between objects located on the same parallel, one should be guided by the table below.

Latitude	Distanceue, km
0 0 (equator)	111,3
5 0	110,9
10 0	109,6
15 0	107,6
20 0	104,6
25 0	102,1
30 0	96,5
35 0	91,3
40 0	85,4
45 0	78,8
50 0	71,7
55 0	64,0
60 0	55,8
65 0	47,2
70 0	38,2
75 0	28,9
80 0	19,4
85 0	9,7
90 0 (pole)	0

Geographic degree

How to determine latitude and longitude and with the help of what quantities to express it became an urgent task with the beginning of the Age of Discovery. The first cartographers proposed to use degrees to determine geographic coordinates.

This is explained by the fact that latitude and longitude are inherently flat dihedral angles, for the calculation of which the same units of measurement are applicable as in other areas of geometry.

Geographic map of the world with latitude and longitude

The main characteristic that geographical maps have is the scale at which they are drawn. In the general case, the scale is a reduction indicator, which shows how many times the object depicted on the map is smaller than the real one. It is written as a mathematical ratio as 1:1000000. The larger the number on the right, the smaller the scale of the map.

Small-scale maps give only a superficial idea of ​​the coordinates of objects on the earth's surface and the error in determining coordinates from them is about 20, which, in terms of distance, gives an error of several tens of kilometers. In addition, there is a certain difficulty in transferring the spherical shape of the Earth to the flat surface of a paper map.

In order to get around this limitation, the world map is divided into areas bounded by meridians at 40 and parallels at 60. Thus, maps were obtained in the form of a trapezoid (in geography it is customary to call these maps "squares") with a scale of 1: 1,000,000. On this scale, 1 cm equals 1 km.

Each received square has an alphanumeric designation according to the Latin alphabet from A to V. To avoid confusion, when designating squares belonging to the southern hemisphere, a small Latin letter “s” is placed before their name: from sA to sV.

To further increase the accuracy of the map, each square is further divided into 144 pieces of 20 by 30 minutes. They are numbered in order from left to right and top to bottom. On this scale, 1 cm equals 1 km. The geographical coordinates of an object, the accuracy of which requires an error of up to several meters, is determined from large-scale topographic maps.

Determination of longitude and latitude

Most geographical maps have a large scale, so they do not contain all the meridians and parallels, but only some of them, as a rule, in increments of 5 to 15 0. This is explained by considerations of convenience: otherwise, a dense degree grid would not allow the user to make out the details of the map.

The line dividing the globe into northern and southern hemispheres is the equator.

Accordingly, any object on the earth's surface has a northern or southern latitude, depending on which side of the equator it is located. It is important to know that the equator line is also at the same time the line from which latitude is measured. As a rule, latitude values ​​in degrees are located on the zero meridian, which stretches from north to south.

The plane, which is limited by the 0th and one hundred and 180th meridians, divides the planet into 2 hemispheres: eastern and western. Everything to the right of the 0 meridian (or to the left of the 180 meridian) has east longitude. By analogy, the second hemisphere has a western longitude (if you look to the left of the zero meridian and to the right of the 180 meridian).

It is somewhat easier to find the designation of longitude on the map, since its value is indicated on the parallel closest to the equator, or on the equator itself. The 180th meridian is also the official international date line. If the map depicts a certain geographical area, then the values ​​​​of latitudes and longitudes are applied directly to the degree grid itself.

How to calculate latitude?

The first step is to find out the hemisphere (northern or southern) in which it is located. Then determine the parallels closest to it, between which it is located. Then it all comes down to elementary mathematics.

Saint Petersburg

The easiest example of determining the geographic latitude of a place. This city is located in the northern hemisphere on the 60th parallel. Accordingly, its coordinate is 60 0 north latitude.

Moscow

The capital is also located in the northern hemisphere, but between the parallels. Therefore, it is first necessary to determine the value of the step with which the latitudes are plotted on the map. For example, if these are 50 and 60 parallels, then the step value is 60 - 50 = 10 degrees, and if 40 and 60 parallels, then 60 - 40 = 20 degrees. Now you need to mentally count the number of degrees that the city is from the lower parallel.

In this case, you can rely on the eye, since the accuracy of determining the coordinates on a geographical map is within 2 0 . Now that the number of degrees is determined (in the example it is 6 0), it must be added to the lower parallel: 50 + 6 = 56 0 north latitude.

Magadan

This method has other options when the desired object is located closer to the more northerly parallel. For example, the city of Magadan is located just south of the sixtieth degree and is far from the south parallel. In this case, it is much more convenient to calculate the number of degrees from the north parallel and subtract the measured amount from it: 60 - 1 \u003d 59 0 north latitude.

kilimanjaro

The coordinates of objects located geographically in the southern hemisphere are determined in such a way that the degrees are measured from the equator towards the South Pole. Mount Kilimanjaro is located in Africa in the southern hemisphere between the equator and the 10th parallel. It is only three degrees from the equator. Thus, its coordinate is: 0 + 3 = 3 0 south latitude.

Cape Town

The capital of South Africa is also located on the southern tip of the African continent between 30 and 40 degrees a little closer to the first parallel. Its coordinate will be: 30 + 3 = 33 0 south latitude.

How to calculate longitude?

Determining longitude is no different from finding latitude. However, there is a nuance here - you must first determine the hemisphere in which the object is located.

New Orleans

One of the most famous cities in the United States is located in the Western Hemisphere on the Gulf of Mexico. It is located almost on the 90th meridian. The reading of degrees from in this hemisphere should be carried out from the zero meridian in the western direction. Thus, the coordinate of New Orleans is 90 0 west longitude.

Los Angeles

The city is also located in the Western Hemisphere on the Pacific coast between 120 and 110 meridians.

The further north or south of the equator an object is located, the easier it is to determine its longitude, as the distance between degrees decreases as you approach the poles. Los Angeles is 2 degrees from the 120 meridian and its coordinate is 120 - 2 = 118 0 west longitude.

Murmansk

This northern port is located to the right of the zero meridian, which means that it is located in the eastern hemisphere. The meridians closest to it are 30 0 and 40 0 ​​. The number of degrees from the 30th meridian to Murmansk is 3 and its coordinate: 30 + 3 = 330 east longitude.

Maximum coordinate value

The maximum longitude of a geographic feature is 180 0 . Since this meridian does not belong to any hemisphere, when writing this coordinate, the name of the hemisphere is omitted. If we are talking about the maximum longitude in each hemisphere, then this is 179 0 as east or west longitude, respectively.

Geographic latitude starts from the equator line, which is a zero line that does not belong to any hemisphere, so the minimum latitude value is 0 0 without a hemisphere designation.

Parallels encircling the entire Earth conditionally divide it into 180 degrees from pole to pole. But, since the equator divides the planet into 2 hemispheres, the maximum longitude of the object will be 180/2 = 90 0 north or south latitude.

Pole and equator

How to determine the latitude and longitude of the poles, which are the extreme points on the geographical map of the world, because they have coordinates that are different from the rest on the globe, is discussed below.

Since latitude is inherently the angle between the equator and the desired object, the maximum angle between any of the poles and the equator will be right. It follows that the geographic latitude of the pole is 90 0 regardless of the hemisphere.

The meridians that determine geographic longitude converge at one point at the pole. Therefore, there is no geographic longitude at the poles.

Thus, there is only one coordinate at the poles: 90 0 north or south latitude.

Geographic coordinate system

Geographic coordinates are currently calculated in 4 main ways, each with its own degree of accuracy:

Convert received degrees to minutes and seconds

Since 1 geographical degree in kilometers is a rather large value, other units of measurement, minutes and seconds, have been introduced to more accurately determine the location of an object on the map. Converting degrees to minutes and seconds will result in the coordinate being a decimal fraction.

In this case, you should be guided by the fact that there are 60 minutes in one degree, and 60 seconds in a minute:

• 5 0 18′ 25″ = 18 + 25/60 = 18 + 0.417 = 5 0 25.417′.
• 179 0 59′ 59″ = 59 + 59/60 = 18 + 0.983 = 179 0 59.983′.

If we translate all the coordinates, then there are 3600 seconds in one degree:

• 5 0 18′ 25″ = 5 + 18/60 + 25/3600 = 5 + 0.78 + 0.00694 = 5.78694 0
• 179 0 59′ 59″ = 179 + 59/60 + 59/3600 = 5 + 0.983 + 0.0164 = 5.9994 0

The recording of geographic coordinates is subject to strict rules that cannot be deviated from, as this is an international system that must be understood anywhere in the world. How to determine latitude and longitude and record geographic coordinates is given below. There are several recording formats, but they have a single rule: latitude coordinates are written first, and then longitude.

Recording received coordinates

Recording in the classical form, adopted in Russian-language literature, is conducted in Russian. In order to separate units of measurement from each other, it is customary to designate them with superscripts: degrees with the sign "0", minutes with the sign "'", and seconds with the sign """.

In this case, the names of the hemispheres, as well as latitudes and longitudes, are written in abbreviated form, only their first letter is written. For example, the coordinates of Moscow: 55°45′21″ s. sh. 37°37′04″ in. e. In this format, the words "latitude" and "longitude" are not written at all, and the hemispheres are written by the first letter of their English version: North (north), South (south), West (west), East (east).

Depending on the type of record, latitude and longitude can also take negative values ​​without specifying the name of the hemisphere: the northern hemisphere for latitude and the eastern hemisphere for longitude are positive. The rest are with a minus sign.

In addition to all of the above, the coordinate record itself exists in several formats:

• In the form of a decimal fraction with only degrees.
• As a decimal with only degrees and minutes
• In the form of a decimal fraction indicating degrees, minutes and seconds.

Recording in all these formats of Moscow coordinates will look like this:

1. 55.755831°, 37.617673°
2. 55°45.35'N, 37°37.06'E
3. 55°45′21″N, 37°37′4″E

As you can see from the example, integer values ​​are separated from decimal points. To recalculate coordinates in another format, divide minutes by 60 and seconds by 3600 to write only degrees, or multiply to write the full format.

In the vastness of the World Wide Web, there are a huge number of services on which this recalculation is automated.

The development of international communication would be impossible without an accurate determination of its location (latitude and longitude). In the modern era, this has allowed even ordinary users to confidently lay their route in an unknown area and not be afraid to get lost.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video on how to determine latitude and longitude

Geographic latitude and geographic longitude:

Or a map of the desired object, you need to know its geographical coordinates -.

Remember how you found a point on the coordinate plane in math lessons? In the same way, you can find any point on the planet using the system of parallels and meridians, or, as it is also called,.

First, set the geographic latitude of the point. That is, determine how far it is from the equator. To do this, calculate the value of the meridian arc from the equator to this point in degrees. Geographic latitude can vary from 0° to 90°. All points in the Northern Hemisphere have a northern latitude (abbreviated north latitude), and in the southern hemisphere they have a southern latitude (abbreviated south latitude).

Determination of geographical coordinates

To determine the geographic latitude of any point on the globe and map, you need to find out on which parallel it is located. For example, if Moscow is located on the parallel between 50° and 60° N. latitude, then its latitude is approximately 56 ° N. sh. All points of the same parallel have the same latitude. In order to establish the geographical longitude of a point, you need to find out how far it is from the initial (zero) meridian. It is conducted through the old building of the Greenwich Observatory, built in 1675 near London. This meridian is chosen conditionally as the zero meridian. It's called Greenwich. The magnitude of the arc of the parallel from it to a given point is measured in the same way as the geographic latitude - in degrees. If you move from the zero meridian to the east, then the longitude will be east (abbreviated east), and if you move west, west (abbreviated west). The value of longitude can be from 0° to 180°. To determine the geographical longitude of any point means to establish the longitude of the meridian on which it is located. So, Moscow is located at 38 ° E. d., and at 30 ° E. e. Latitude and longitude are signed on the top and bottom frames of the map. On a map of the hemispheres, longitude is marked at the equator.

The latitude and longitude of any point on the surface of the Earth is its geographical coordinates. For example, the geographic coordinates of Moscow are 56° N. sh. and 38° E. d.