home > Story > Shansky, Nikolai Maksimovich. Linguist Nikolai Maksimovich Shansky

Shansky, Nikolai Maksimovich. Linguist Nikolai Maksimovich Shansky

Doctor of Philology (1966), professor at Moscow State University (since 1968), full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1974) and Russian Academy of Education (1992). Scientific editor of a series of Russian language textbooks for secondary schools.

Biography

Bibliography

Shansky N. M. Fundamentals of word-formation analysis. - M .: Uchpedgiz, 1953. - 56 p.
Galkina-Fedoruk E. M., Gorshkova K. V., Shansky N. M. Modern Russian language: Syntax: textbook. allowance for ped. in-comrade. - M .: Uchpedgiz, 1958. - 200 p. - 75,000 copies.
Shansky N. M. Essays on Russian word formation and lexicology. - M .: Uchpedgiz, 1959. - 248 p. - 20,000 copies.(in trans.)
Galkina-Fedoruk E. M., Gorshkova K. V., Shansky N. M. Modern Russian language: textbook. allowance for philol. fak. Univ. Part 1: (Lexicology. Phonetics. Morphology) / Ed. E. M. Galkina-Fedoruk. - M .: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1962. - 344 p.
Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for students. philol. fak-tov un-comrade. - M .: Higher School, 1963. - 156 p.(in trans.)
- Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for students. philol. facts. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - M .: Higher School, 1969. - 232 p.
- Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language. - M .: Special literature, 1996. - 192 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7571-0038-9.(reg.)
- Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language. - Ed. 6th. - M .: Librokom, 2012. - 272 p. - (Linguistic heritage of the twentieth century). - ISBN 978-5-397-02318-4.(reg.)
Shansky N. M. Essays on Russian word-formation / Hardcover by the artist S. B. Genkina. - M .: Publishing House of Moscow. un-ta, 1968. - 312 p. - 10,000 copies.(in trans.)
Shansky N. M. In the world of words: A guide for the teacher. - M .: Education, 1971. - 256 p. - 150,000 copies.(in trans.)
- Shansky N. M. In the world of words: A guide for the teacher. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - M .: Education, 1978. - 320 p. - 100,000 copies.(in trans.)
- Shansky N. M. In the world of words: A book for teachers. - Ed. 3rd, rev. and additional - M .: Education, 1985. - 256 p. - 252,000 copies.(in trans.)
Shansky N. M. Lexicology of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for ped. in-t on spec. "Rus. lang. or T.". - Ed. 2nd, rev. - M .: Education, 1972. - 328 p.
Fomina M. I., Shansky N. M. Vocabulary of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for students. universities / Ed. N. M. Shansky. - M .: Higher. school, 1973. - 152 p.
Shansky N. M. Russian language: Vocabulary. Word formation: A guide for the teacher. - M .: Education, 1975. - 240 p.
Shansky N. M. Words born in October: A book for extracurricular reading: 8-10th grades. - M .: Education, 1980. - 112 p.
- Shansky N. M. Words born in October: A book for students. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - M .: Education, 1987. - 128 p.
Shansky N. M. Artistic text under a linguistic microscope: Book. for incl. reading students 8-10th grade. avg. school - M .: Education, 1986. - 160 p. - (World of knowledge). - 75,000 copies.(in trans.)
Modern Russian language: Proc. for students ped. in-t on spec. No. 2101 “Rus. lang. or T." At 3 o'clock / N. M. Shansky, V. V. Ivanov and others - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - M .: Enlightenment, 1987.
What does it mean to know the language and own it / N. M. Shansky [and others]. – L.: Enlightenment. Leningrad department, 1989. - 192 p.
Shansky N. M. Linguistic analysis of a literary text: Proc. allowance for students. ped. in-comrade. - Ed. 2nd, dorab. - L .: Education, 1990. - 416 p.
Shansky N. M. Collection of exercises on the linguistic analysis of a literary text: Proc. allowance for students. nat. groups of ped. in-tov / N. M. Shansky, Sh. A. Makhmudov. - St. Petersburg. : Enlightenment. St. Petersburg. department, 1992. - 192 p.
Shansky N. M., Bobrova T. A. Again in the world of words: A guide for a language teacher. - M .: Moscow branch of the Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2001. - 224 p. - (Portfolio of a philologist). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-94537-002-9.
Shansky N. M. Linguistic analysis of the poetic text: A book for the teacher. - M .: Education, 2002. - 224 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-09-011440-4.(in trans.)
Shansky N. M. Through the pages of "Eugene Onegin": Commentary. Optional. Olympics. - M .: Bustard, 2005. - 176 p. - (Teacher's library). - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-7107-8913-5.(reg.)
Shansky N. M. Linguistic detectives. - M .: Bustard, 2010. - 528 p. - (Informative! Entertaining!). - 7000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-358-07644-0.(in trans.)

Dictionaries

Etymological dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. N. M. Shansky. - Moscow. - T. 1-8.
Etymological dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. A. F. Zhuravlev and N. M. Shansky. - Moscow: Moscow University Press, 1999-2007. - T. 9–10.
Shansky N. M., Ivanov V. V., Shanskaya T. V. A Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language / Ed. S. G. Barkhudarova. - M .: Uchpedgiz, 1961. - 404 p. - 42,000 copies.(in trans.)
- Shansky N. M., Ivanov V. V., Shanskaya T. V. A Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language: A Teacher's Guide / Ed. S. G. Barkhudarova. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - M .: Education, 1971. - 542 p. - 200,000 copies.(in trans.)
- Shansky N. M., Ivanov V. V., Shanskaya T. V. Brief etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - M .: Education, 1975. - 544 p. - (Methodical library of the school). - 90,000 copies.(in trans.)
Shansky N. M. 700 phraseological turns of the Russian language: for speakers of the Mongolian language / N. M. Shansky [and others] - M .: Rus. yaz., 1980. - 155 p.
Bystrova E. A., Okuneva A. P., Shansky N. M. Educational phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. - M .: Education, 1984. - 272 p. - 276,000 copies.(in trans.)
Shansky N. M., Zimin V. I., Filippov A. V. Experience of the etymological dictionary of Russian phraseology. - M .: Russian language, 1987. - 240 p.
Bystrova E. A., Okuneva A. P., Shansky N. M. Brief phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. - St. Petersburg. : Enlightenment. St. Petersburg. department, 1992. - 272 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-09-002188-0.(in trans.)
Shansky N. M., Bobrova T. A. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - M .: Proserpina, 1994. - 400 p. - 20,000 copies. - ISBN 5-87957-005-3.(in trans.)
Bystrova E. A., Okuneva A. P., Shansky N. M. Educational phraseological dictionary. - M .: AST, 1997. - 304 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-15-001033-2.(in trans.)
Zimin V.I. Bustard, Russian language, 1997. - 368 p. - 20,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7107-1448-8, ISBN 5-200-02536-2.(in trans.)
- Shansky N. M., Filippov A. A., Zimin V. I. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language: Meaning and origin of phrases. - M .: Bustard, 2000. - 368 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7107-3751-8.(in trans.)
- Shansky N. M., Filippov A. A., Zimin V. I. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language: Meaning and origin of phrases. - M .: Bustard, 2007. - 384 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-358-02567-7.(in trans.)
Shansky N. M., Bobrova T. A. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language: The origin of words. - M .: Bustard, 2003. - 400 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7107-7598-3.(in trans.)
Bystrova E. A., Okuneva A. P., Shansky N. M. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language: About 1000 units. - M .: AST, Astrel, 2004. - 416 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-015108-X, ISBN 5-271-04499-8.(in trans.)
Bystrova E. A., Shansky N. M. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language: About 1500 phraseological units. - M .: AST, Astrel, Keeper, Harvest, 2007. - 384 p. - 1500 copies. - ISBN 5-17-040745-9, ISBN 5-271-15382-7, ISBN 5-9762-1740-0, ISBN 978-985-16-039-3.(in trans.)

Write a review on the article "Shansky, Nikolai Maksimovich"

Notes

Literature

Shansky Nikolai Maksimovich // Russian language: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. F. P. Filin. - M.: Sov. Encycl., 1979. - S. 397.
Kudryavtseva T. S.“I never cheated on myself”: (to the 70th anniversary of the birth of N. M. Shansky) // Russian language at school. - 1992. - No. 5/6. - S. 49-51.
Yudakin A. Shansky Nikolai Maksimovich // Yudakin A. Leading linguists of the world: Encyclopedia. - M.: Sov. writer, 2000. - S. 823-824.
Nikolai Maksimovich Shansky // Russian language at school. - 2002. - No. 6. - S. 104-107.
Nikolai Maksimovich Shansky (1922-2005) // Russian language at school. - 2005. - No. 4. - S. 106-107.
Litnevskaya E. I. On the study of word formation in secondary school / E. I. Litnevskaya // Russian literature. - 2005. - No. 4. - S. 27-35.
Arapova N. S. What are our scientists working on? Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Authors-compilers of the "Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" (Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov) // Russian language at school. 2010. No. 12. S. 50-51.
Bobylev B. G. Educational books of N. M. Shansky as the implementation of the ideal of "concrete philology" // Russian speech in a modern university. - Eagle: OrelGTU, 2007. S. 28-30.
Denisova L.P.N.M. Shansky as a classic of domestic linguistics and methods of teaching it // Russian speech in a modern university. - Eagle: OrelGTU, 2007. S. 3-6.
Zaichenkova M. S. N. M. Shansky and derivatology. // Russian speech in a modern university. - Eagle: OrelGTU, 2007. S. 7-14.
Bobrova T. A. N. M. Shansky - lexicologist // Russian speech in a modern university. - Eagle: OrelGTU, 2007.
Naumova N. O. "Linguist, poet and man" // Russian speech in a modern university. - Eagle: OrelGTU, 2007. S. 31-34.

An excerpt characterizing Shansky, Nikolai Maksimovich

- Isn't she amazing? - she said to Pierre, pointing to the departing majestic beauty. - Et quelle tenue! [And how she keeps herself!] For such a young girl and such tact, such masterful demeanor! It comes from the heart! Happy will be the one whose it will be! With her, the most non-secular husband will involuntarily occupy the most brilliant place in the world. Is not it? I just wanted to know your opinion, - and Anna Pavlovna let Pierre go.
Pierre sincerely answered Anna Pavlovna in the affirmative to her question about Helen's art of keeping herself. If he ever thought of Helen, he thought precisely of her beauty and of her unusual calm ability to be silently worthy in the world.
Auntie received two young people into her corner, but she seemed to want to hide her adoration for Helen and wanted to express her fear of Anna Pavlovna more. She looked at her niece, as if asking what she should do with these people. Moving away from them, Anna Pavlovna again touched Pierre's sleeve with her finger and said:
- J "espere, que vous ne direz plus qu" on s "ennuie chez moi, [I hope you won't say another time that I'm bored,] - and looked at Helen.
Helen smiled with a look that said that she did not allow the possibility that anyone could see her and not be admired. The aunt cleared her throat, swallowed her saliva, and said in French that she was very glad to see Helen; then she turned to Pierre with the same greeting and with the same mine. In the middle of a boring and stumbling conversation, Helen looked back at Pierre and smiled at him with that smile, clear, beautiful, with which she smiled at everyone. Pierre was so accustomed to this smile, it expressed so little for him that he paid no attention to it. Auntie was talking at that time about the collection of snuff boxes that Pierre's late father, Count Bezukhy, had, and showed her snuff box. Princess Helen asked to see the portrait of her aunt's husband, which was made on this snuffbox.
“That’s right, it was done by Vines,” said Pierre, naming a well-known miniaturist, bending down to the table to pick up a snuffbox, and listening to the conversation at another table.
He got up, wanting to go around, but the aunt brought the snuffbox right over Helen, behind her. Helen leaned forward to make room and looked around smiling. She was, as always at the evenings, in a dress that was very open, in the fashion of the time, in front and behind. Her bust, which always seemed marble to Pierre, was at such a close distance from his eyes that with his short-sighted eyes he involuntarily discerned the lively beauty of her shoulders and neck, and so close to his lips that he had to bend down a little to touch her. He could hear the warmth of her body, the smell of perfume, and the creak of her corset as she moved. He did not see her marble beauty, which was one with her dress, he saw and felt all the charm of her body, which was covered only by clothes. And, having once seen this, he could not see otherwise, how we cannot return to the deceit once explained.
“So you still haven’t noticed how beautiful I am? – as if said Ellen. Have you noticed that I am a woman? Yes, I am a woman who can belong to anyone, and to you too,” said her look. And at that very moment Pierre felt that Helen not only could, but should have been his wife, that it could not be otherwise.
He knew this at that moment as surely as he would have known it, standing under the crown with her. As it will be? and when? he did not know; he didn’t even know if it would be good (he even felt that it was not good for some reason), but he knew that it would be.
Pierre lowered his eyes, raised them again, and again wanted to see her with such a distant, alien beauty to himself, as he had seen her every day before; but he couldn't do it anymore. It could not, just as a person who had previously looked in the fog at a blade of weeds and saw a tree in it, seeing a blade of grass, again see a tree in it, could not. She was terribly close to him. She already had power over him. And between him and her there were no longer any barriers, except for the barriers of his own will.
Bon, je vous laisse dans votre petit coin. Je vois, que vous y etes tres bien, [Okay, I'll leave you in your corner. I see you feel good there,] - said the voice of Anna Pavlovna.
And Pierre, recalling with fear whether he had done something reprehensible, blushing, looked around him. It seemed to him that everyone knew, as well as he, about what had happened to him.
After a while, when he approached the large mug, Anna Pavlovna said to him:
- On dit que vous embellissez votre maison de Petersbourg. [They say you are finishing your St. Petersburg house.]
(It was true: the architect said that he needed it, and Pierre, not knowing why, was finishing his huge house in St. Petersburg.)
- C "est bien, mais ne demenagez pas de chez le prince Basile. Il est bon d" avoir un ami comme le prince, she said, smiling at Prince Vasily. - J "en sais quelque chose. N" est ce pas? [That's good, but don't move away from Prince Vasily. It's good to have such a friend. I know something about it. Isn't it?] And you're still so young. You need advice. You are not angry with me that I use the rights of old women. - She fell silent, as women are always silent, waiting for something after they say about their years. - If you marry, then another matter. And she put them together in one look. Pierre did not look at Helen, and she at him. But she was still terribly close to him. He mumbled something and blushed.
Returning home, Pierre could not sleep for a long time, thinking about what had happened to him. What happened to him? Nothing. He only realized that the woman he knew as a child, about whom he absentmindedly said: “Yes, good,” when he was told that Helen was beautiful, he realized that this woman could belong to him.
“But she is stupid, I myself said she was stupid,” he thought. - There is something nasty in the feeling that she aroused in me, something forbidden. I was told that her brother Anatole was in love with her, and she was in love with him, that there was a whole story, and that Anatole was expelled from this. Her brother is Ippolit... Her father is Prince Vasily... This is not good, he thought; and at the same time as he was reasoning like this (these reasonings were still unfinished), he forced himself to smile and realized that another series of reasonings had surfaced because of the first ones, that at the same time he was thinking about her insignificance and dreaming about how she would be his wife, how she could love him, how she could be completely different, and how everything he thought and heard about her could be untrue. And he again saw her not as some kind of daughter of Prince Vasily, but saw her whole body, only covered with a gray dress. “But no, why didn’t this thought occur to me before?” And again he told himself that it was impossible; that something nasty, unnatural, as it seemed to him, dishonest would be in this marriage. He remembered her former words, looks, and the words and looks of those who had seen them together. He remembered the words and looks of Anna Pavlovna when she told him about the house, remembered thousands of such hints from Prince Vasily and others, and he was horrified that he had not bound himself in any way in the performance of such a thing, which, obviously, was not good. and which he must not do. But at the same time as he was expressing this decision to himself, from the other side of his soul her image surfaced with all its feminine beauty.

In November 1805, Prince Vasily had to go to four provinces for an audit. He arranged this appointment for himself in order to visit his ruined estates at the same time, and taking with him (at the location of his regiment) his son Anatole, together with him to call on Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky in order to marry his son to the daughter of this rich old man. But before leaving and these new affairs, Prince Vasily had to settle matters with Pierre, who, it is true, had spent whole days at home, that is, with Prince Vasily, with whom he lived, he was ridiculous, agitated and stupid (as he should being in love) in Helen's presence, but still not proposing.
“Tout ca est bel et bon, mais il faut que ca finisse”, [All this is good, but it must be ended] - Prince Vasily said to himself once in the morning with a sigh of sadness, realizing that Pierre, who owed so much to him (well, yes Christ be with him!), does not do very well in this matter. “Youth ... frivolity ... well, God bless him,” thought Prince Vasily, feeling his kindness with pleasure: “mais il faut, que ca finisse. After Lelyna's name day tomorrow, I will call someone, and if he does not understand what he must do, then this will be my business. Yes, my business. I am the father!”
Pierre, a month and a half after Anna Pavlovna's evening and the sleepless, agitated night that followed, in which he decided that marrying Helen would be a misfortune, and that he needed to avoid her and leave, Pierre after this decision did not move from Prince Vasily and with horror felt that every day he was more and more connected with her in the eyes of people, that he could not return to his former view of her, that he could not tear himself away from her, that it would be terrible, but that he would have to connect with her own destiny. Perhaps he could have abstained, but not a day passed that Prince Vasily (who rarely had a reception) would not have an evening at which Pierre was supposed to be, if he did not want to upset the general pleasure and deceive the expectations of everyone. Prince Vasily, in those rare moments when he was at home, passing Pierre, pulled his hand down, absently offered him a shaved, wrinkled cheek for a kiss and said either “see you tomorrow” or “for dinner, otherwise I won’t see you” , or “I stay for you,” etc. But despite the fact that when Prince Vasily remained for Pierre (as he said it), he did not say a few words to him, Pierre did not feel able to deceive his expectations . Every day he said to himself one and the same thing: “We must, finally, understand her and give ourselves an account: who is she? Was I wrong before or am I wrong now? No, she is not stupid; No, she's a beautiful girl! he said to himself sometimes. “She is never wrong about anything, she has never said anything stupid. She doesn't say much, but what she says is always simple and clear. So she's not stupid. She has never been embarrassed and never is embarrassed. So she's not a bad woman!" Often it happened to her to begin to reason, to think aloud, and each time she answered him either with a short, but incidentally said remark, showing that she was not interested in it, or with a silent smile and look, which most palpably showed Pierre her superiority. She was right to dismiss all reasoning as nonsense compared to that smile.
She always turned to him with a joyful, trusting smile that applied to him alone, in which there was something more significant than what was in the general smile that always adorned her face. Pierre knew that everyone was only waiting for him to finally say one word, to step over a certain line, and he knew that sooner or later he would step over it; but some kind of incomprehensible horror seized him at the mere thought of this terrible step. A thousand times during this month and a half, during which he felt himself drawn further and further into that abyss that terrified him, Pierre said to himself: “But what is this? It takes determination! Don't I have it?"
He wanted to make up his mind, but he felt with horror that in this case he did not have that determination that he knew in himself and which really was in him. Pierre was one of those people who are strong only when they feel completely pure. And from the day that he was possessed by that feeling of desire that he experienced over Anna Pavlovna's snuffbox, an unconscious sense of the guilt of this desire paralyzed his resolve.
On Helen's name day, Prince Vasily had dinner with a small community of people closest to him, as the princess said, relatives and friends. All these relatives and friends were given to feel that on this day the fate of the birthday girl should be decided.
The guests were at dinner. Princess Kuragina, a massive, once beautiful, imposing woman, was sitting in the master's seat. On both sides of it sat the most honored guests - the old general, his wife, Anna Pavlovna Sherer; at the end of the table sat the less elderly and honored guests, and there sat the family, Pierre and Helen, side by side. Prince Vasily did not have supper: he walked around the table, in a cheerful mood, sitting down first to one or another of the guests. To each he spoke a careless and pleasant word, with the exception of Pierre and Helen, whose presence he did not seem to notice. Prince Vasily revived everyone. Wax candles burned brightly, silver and crystal of dishes, ladies' dresses and gold and silver epaulets shone; servants in red caftans scurried around the table; there were the sounds of knives, glasses, plates, and the sounds of the lively conversation of several conversations around this table. At one end the old chamberlain could be heard assuring the old baroness of his fiery love for her and her laughter; on the other hand, a story about the failure of some kind of Marya Viktorovna. At the middle of the table, Prince Vasily gathered listeners around him. He told the ladies, with a playful smile on his lips, the last - on Wednesday - meeting of the State Council, at which Sergey Kuzmich Vyazmitinov, the new St. Sergei Kuzmich, he said that from all sides he receives statements about the loyalty of the people, and that the statement of St. Petersburg is especially pleasant to him, that he is proud of the honor of being the head of such a nation and will try to be worthy of it. This rescript began with the words: Sergey Kuzmich! Rumors reach me from all sides, etc.
- So it didn’t go further than “Sergei Kuzmich”? one lady asked.
“Yes, yes, not a hair,” replied Prince Vasily, laughing. - Sergei Kuzmich ... from all sides. From all sides, Sergei Kuzmich... Poor Vyazmitinov could not go any further. Several times he began to write again, but Sergey would just say ... sobbing ... Ku ... zmi ... ch - tears ... and from all sides they were drowned out by sobs, and he could not go any further. And again a handkerchief, and again “Sergei Kuzmich, from all sides,” and tears ... so that they already asked to read another.
- Kuzmich ... from all sides ... and tears ... - repeated someone laughing.
“Don’t be angry,” Anna Pavlovna said, shaking her finger from the other end of the table, “c "est un si brave et excellent homme notre bon Viasmitinoff ... [This is such a wonderful person, our good Vyazmitinov ...]
Everyone laughed a lot. At the upper honorable end of the table, everyone seemed to be cheerful and under the influence of the most varied lively moods; only Pierre and Helene sat silently side by side almost at the lower end of the table; a radiant smile, independent of Sergei Kuzmich, was restrained on the faces of both - a smile of shame in front of their feelings. No matter what they said and no matter how others laughed and joked, no matter how appetizing they ate rhine wine, and sauté, and ice cream, no matter how they avoided this couple with their eyes, no matter how indifferent, inattentive to her, it was felt for some reason, by occasionally thrown at them glances that the joke about Sergei Kuzmich, and laughter, and food - everything was feigned, and all the forces of the attention of this whole society were directed only to this couple - Pierre and Helen. Prince Vasily imagined the sobs of Sergei Kuzmich and at the same time looked around his daughter; and while he was laughing, his expression said: “Well, well, everything is going well; Everything will be decided today." Anna Pavlovna threatened him for notre bon Viasmitinoff, and in her eyes, which flashed briefly at Pierre at that moment, Prince Vasily read congratulations on the future son-in-law and the happiness of his daughter. The old princess, offering wine to her neighbor with a sad sigh and looking angrily at her daughter, with this sigh seemed to be saying: “Yes, now there is nothing left for you and me but to drink sweet wine, my dear; now is the time for this youth to be so defiantly defiantly happy.” “And what nonsense is all that I tell, as if it interests me,” the diplomat thought, looking at the happy faces of his lovers, “this is happiness!”
Among those insignificantly petty, artificial interests that bound this society, there was a simple feeling of striving of a beautiful and healthy young man and woman for each other. And this human feeling overwhelmed everything and hovered above all their artificial babble. The jokes were not funny, the news was uninteresting, the animation obviously fake. Not only they, but the lackeys who served at the table seemed to feel the same and forgot the order of the service, looking at the beautiful Helene with her beaming face and at the red, fat, happy and restless face of Pierre. It seemed that the lights of the candles were focused only on these two happy faces.
Pierre felt that he was the center of everything, and this position both pleased and embarrassed him. He was in the state of a man deep in some kind of occupation. He didn't see anything clearly, didn't understand, and didn't hear anything. Only occasionally, unexpectedly, fragmentary thoughts and impressions from reality flickered in his soul.
“It's all over! he thought. – And how did it all happen? So fast! Now I know that not for her alone, not for myself alone, but for all this must inevitably come to pass. They are all so looking forward to it, so sure it will be, that I can't, I can't deceive them. But how will it be? Don't know; but it will be, it will certainly be!” thought Pierre, looking at those shoulders that glittered right next to his eyes.
Then suddenly he felt ashamed of something. He was embarrassed that he alone occupied the attention of everyone, that he was a lucky man in the eyes of others, that he, with his ugly face, was some kind of Paris possessing Elena. “But, it’s true, it always happens like that and it’s necessary,” he consoled himself. “And, by the way, what did I do for this?” When did it start? From Moscow, I went with Prince Vasily. There was nothing here yet. Then why didn't I stop at his place? Then I played cards with her and picked up her purse and went skating with her. When did it start, when did it all happen? And here he sits beside her as a bridegroom; hears, sees, feels her closeness, her breath, her movements, her beauty. Then suddenly it seems to him that it is not she, but he himself is so extraordinarily beautiful that that is why they look at him like that, and he, happy with the general surprise, straightens his chest, raises his head and rejoices at his happiness. Suddenly a voice, someone's familiar voice, is heard and says something to him another time. But Pierre is so busy that he does not understand what they say to him. “I ask you when you received a letter from Bolkonsky,” Prince Vasily repeats for the third time. “How distracted you are, my dear.
Prince Vasily smiles, and Pierre sees that everyone, everyone is smiling at him and Helen. “Well, well, if you know everything,” Pierre said to himself. "Well? it’s true,” and he himself smiled his meek, childish smile, and Helen smiles.
– When did you receive it? From Olmutz? - repeats Prince Vasily, who supposedly needs to know this in order to resolve the dispute.
“And is it possible to talk and think about such trifles?” thinks Pierre.
“Yes, from Olmutz,” he replies with a sigh.
From dinner, Pierre led his lady after the others into the living room. The guests began to leave, and some left without saying goodbye to Helen. As if not wanting to interrupt her from her serious occupation, some of them came up for a minute and quickly left, forbidding her to see them off. The diplomat was sadly silent as he left the living room. He imagined all the futility of his diplomatic career in comparison with Pierre's happiness. The old general grumbled angrily at his wife when she asked him about the condition of his leg. Eka, you old fool, he thought. “Here is Elena Vasilievna, so she will be a beauty even at 50.”

R. November 22, 1922, Moscow), linguist, methodologist (Russian), acad. RAO (1993; Academician of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences since 1974; Member of the Academy of Sciences of the RSFSR since 1965), der filol. Sciences (1966), prof. (1968). Graduated from Moscow State University (1945). He taught at the Ryazan Pedagogical Institute (1948-51). and Mosk. correspondence polygraph, institute (1951-1953). In 1951-56 Art. editor of Uchpedgiz. In 1953-85 he taught at Moscow State University. At the same time, in 1970-92, director of the Research Institute PRYANSH. Since 1992 he has been a chief researcher at the Center for Teaching the Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Education.

Co-author of the main textbook for Russian students philol. f-tov ped. universities "Modern Rus. language” (1957, ch. 1-2, 19872). Author of works on several sections of science about Russian. language and their teaching at school and university, in linguodidactics, as well as linguistic. analysis of the artist. text and lexicography. The initiator and leader of the preparation "Etymological. Russian dictionary. language” (v. 1-8, 1961-82; author and co-author of many articles in this edition). Based on the etymological works Sh. (co-authored). short dictionary editions intended especially for students were prepared (published in 1961 and 1989-93), as well as the “Experience of an Etymological Dictionary of Russian. phraseology" (1987). Author of popular science books about Russian. language and linguistics (“In the world of words”, 1985, etc.). Ch. ed. magazine "Rus. language at school” (since 1963).

Cit.: Basics of word formation. analysis, M., 1953; Lexicology modern. Russian language. M., 1964; Essays in Russian. word formation, M., 1968; Phraseology modern. Russian language, M., 19692; Rus. linguistics and linguodidactics, M., 1985; Linguistic artist's analysis text, M., 19902.

2nd ed., rev. and additional - M.: 1987.; Ch.1 - 192s., Ch.2 - 256s., Ch.3 - 256s.

This book is a textbook on the modern Russian language, intended for students of the faculties of the Russian language and literature. In the 2nd edition, the textbook was brought into line with the new program on the modern Russian language in 1985. editions.

Part 1.

Format: pdf

Size: 10 MB

Download: drive.google

Part 2.

Format: pdf

Size: 13.3 MB

Download: drive.google

Part 3

Format: pdf

Size: 11 MB

Download: drive.google

PART 1
Introduction (N. M. Shansky) 5
Literature 9
Vocabulary (N. M. Shansky) J0
The word in the lexical system of the Russian language II
Vocabulary of the modern Russian language from the point of view of its origin 29
Vocabulary of the modern Russian language in terms of the scope of its use 42
Vocabulary of the modern Russian language from the point of view of expressive and stylistic. 47
Vocabulary of the modern Russian language in terms of its active and passive stock 53
Literature 62
Phraseology (N. M. Shansky) 64
Phraseological turnover as a linguistic unit ... -
Phraseological turns in terms of their semantic unity 75
Phraseological turns of the modern Russian literary language from the point of view of their origin. 78
Phraseological turns from the point of view of their expressive and stylistic properties... . 85
The most important processes in the development of vocabulary and phraseology of the Russian language in the Soviet era (N. M. Shansky) 90
Literature 94
The most important dictionaries of the Russian language (N. M. Shansky) 95
Literature. 107
Phonetics (V. V. Ivanov) 108
Consonants and vowels and their classification 111
The compatibility of consonants and vowels 117
Syllabus and types of syllables 128
Accent 131
Orthoepy. . ... 133
Basic orthoepic rules of the modern Russian literary language. . ... 137
Phonological system of the Russian literary language 144
System of consonant phonemes 150
The system of vowel phonemes. 157
The relationship of strong and weak phonemes in the phonological system 160
Syntagmatics and paradigmatics of phonemes 165
Syntagmatics of phonemes 168
Phoneme paradigmatics 173
Literature. 178
Graphics and spelling (V. V. Ivanov) 179
Graphic arts. -
Spelling 182
Literature 190

PART 2
Word formation. 5
General concepts -
Morphemics 17
Lexical derivation 61
Literature 77
Morphology 78
General concepts -
noun) 90
Adjective name 120
Name numeral 134
Pronoun 143
Verb 150
Communion 204
General participle 214
Adverb 218
Status category 223
Modal words 230
Prepositions 234
Unions 240
Particles 244
Interjections 248
Onomatopoeia 253
Literature 254

PART 3
SYNTAX
GENERAL ISSUES
§ 1. Subject of Syntax 5
§ 2. The system of syntactic units -
§ 3. Syntactic links and relations 7
§ 4. Means of syntactic communication and construction of syntactic units 8
§ 5. Grammatical meanings of syntactic units 10
§ 6. Syntax in the language system 12
MODERN SYNTAX THEORIES
§ 7. The logical aspect of the study of syntax 16
§ 8. Structural aspect of the study of syntax 17
§ 9. The communicative aspect of the study of syntax 19
§ 10. The relationship of aspects of the study of syntax 25
§ 11. Structural-semantic direction 26
PHRASE
§ 12. The phrase as a unit of syntax 34
§ 13. Phrase and word. -
§ 14. The phrase among other combinations of words 36
§ 15. Classification of phrases according to the main word 38
§ 16. Grammatical connections in the phrase 40
§ 17. Semantics of phrases 42
§ 18. Whole phrases 46
§ 19. Phraseological combinations 50
§ 20. Simple and complex phrases 52
OFFER
§ 21. Main features of proposal 55
§ 22. The concept of predicativity 58
§ 23. Intonation as a property of a sentence! 62
CLASSIFICATION OF A SENTENCE IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE 63
§ 24. Classification of sentences by structure. -
§ 25. Classification of sentences according to the nature of predicative relations 64
§ 26. Functional classification of sentences 65
§ 27. Classification of sentences according to emotional coloring 68
SIMPLE OFFER 69
§ 28. The system of structural-semantic types of a simple sentence -
§ 29. The concept of the members of the proposal 71
Two-part sentences 74
Subject 75
§ 30. Ways of expressing the subject 76
Predicate 79
§ 31. Simple verbal predicate 81
§ 32. Compound verbal predicate 82
§ 33. Compound nominal predicate 83
§ 34. Compound predicate 86
One-part sentences 87
§ 35. Structural features of one-part sentences 88
§ 36. Semantics of one-part sentences. . 89
§ 37. The question of the syntactic qualification of the main member of one-part sentences 91
Definitely personal offers 92
Indefinitely personal proposals 93
Generalized personal sentences 94
Impersonal Offers 96
§ 38. The concept of impersonal sentences -
§ 39. Structure of impersonal sentences 97
§ 40. Semantics of impersonal sentences 99
Infinitive sentences 101
Nominative proposals 103
§ 41. The concept of nominative sentences. -
§ 42. Varieties of nominative sentences. . 105
§ 43. Syntactic articulation of nominative sentences 107
Vocative sentences 109
Indivisible sentences 110
Structure of a common sentence 112
Definition 117
§ 44 Appendix 119
Addition. . 120
§ 45. Direct and indirect additions 122
Circumstance 123
Complete and incomplete sentences 127
§ 46. The concept of incomplete sentences. -
§ 47. Varieties of incomplete sentences 131
COMPLICATED OFFER 139
§ 48. General information about the complicated sentence Sentences with homogeneous members
§ 49. The concept of homogeneous members of the proposal -
§ 50. The structure of the block of homogeneous members 142
§ 51. Semantics of the block of homogeneous terms 143
§ 52. Place of sentences with homogeneous members in the system of types of sentences. 146
§ 53. Generalizing words with homogeneous terms 147
§ 54. Homogeneous and non-homogeneous definitions 148
Proposals with separate members 150
§ 55. The concept of isolation
Sentences with semi-predicative isolated members 152
Proposals with separate definitions -
§ 56. Sentences with participles 153
§ 57. Sentences with adjectival phrases -
§ 58. Proposals with inconsistent definitions 154
§ 59. Offers with separate applications 155
Offers with special circumstances 156
§ 60. Sentences with adverbial phrases
§ 61. Sentences with adverbial substantive phrases 157
Sentences with clarifying isolated members 158
§ 62. Separate turns with words except, besides, etc. 160
Proposals complicated by introductory and plug-in structures 161
Sentences complicated by introductory constructions
§ 63. The concept of introductory constructions. -
§ 64. Functional-semantic groups of introductory constructions 162
§65. Sentence structure with introductory constructions 163
Proposals complicated by plug-in structures
Offers complicated by appeals 164
COMPLEX PROPOSITION 167
General questions of the theory of complex sentences
§ 66. The concept of a complex sentence
§ 67. Grammatical meaning and structure of a complex sentence. Structural-semantic model of a complex sentence 168
§ 68. Grammatical meaning and individual content of complex sentences of different groups 172
§ 69. Free and non-free complex sentences 173
§ 70. The functional aspect of a complex sentence 174
§ 71. Allied and non-union complex sentences. 176
§ 72. Compound and complex sentences 177
Complex sentences 179
§ 73. Complex sentences of an undivided and divided structure ...
§ 74. Correlative (indicative) words 181
§ 75. Subordinating unions and allied words. 184
§ 76. The question of the classification of complex sentences 187
Complex sentences of undivided structure. 189
§ 77. Complex sentences with substantive attributive clauses
§ 78
§ 79
§ 80. Complicated pronoun-correlative sentences (substantive, adjective, adverbial - qualitative-quantitative) 197
§ 81. Compound sentences pronominal-union correlative (qualitative-quantitative multi-valued) 200
Complex sentences of dissected structure 202
§ 82. Complex sentences with subordinate adverbial clauses -
§ 83. Complex sentences with subordinate clauses 211
§ 84. Complex sentences with subordinate subjunctives 212
§ 85. Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses 213
Complex sentences. 217
§ 86. General characteristics of compound sentences -
§ 87. Compound sentences with connecting unions 218
§ 88. Compound sentences with divisive unions 221
§ 89. Compound sentences with adversative conjunctions 222
§ 90. Compound sentences with connecting unions 224
§ 91. Compound sentences with explanatory conjunctions. . . 225
Associative compound sentences
§ 92. General information
§ 93. Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of enumeration
§ 94
§ 95. Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of comparison
§ 96
§ 97 Non-union complex sentences with conditional-investigative and temporary meaning
§ 98. Non-union complex sentences with the meaning of cause and effect
§ 99. Unionless complex sentences with explanatory-objective meaning
§ 100. Polynomial non-union compound sentences
Complex polynomial sentences with different types of connection
COMPLEX FORMS OF ORGANIZING MONOLOGICAL SPEECH
Complex syntactic integer
§ 102 Paragraph
§ 103. Period
METHODS OF TRANSMISSION OF ANOTHER SPEECH
§ 104. General information
§ 105. Direct speech
§ 106. Indirect speech
§ 107. Improperly direct speech
§ 108. Transfer of the subject, theme of someone else's speech
§ 109. Citation
§ 110. Dialogical unity
PUNCTUATION
§ 111. Fundamentals of Russian punctuation
§ 112. Punctuation marks and their functions
Literature

Nikolay Maksimovich Shansky(November 22, 1922, Moscow - May 11, 2005) - Russian linguist, specialist in vocabulary, phraseology, word formation, grammar, etymology of the Russian language, the language of writers and Russian linguodidactics, methods of teaching the Russian language. Doctor of Philology (1966), professor at Moscow State University (since 1968), full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1974) and the Russian Academy of Education (1992). Scientific editor of a series of Russian language textbooks for secondary schools.

Biography

Born in Moscow on November 22, 1922. In 1940 he entered the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History (IFLI), after the merger of the institute with Moscow State University, he was a student of the philological faculty of the latter. Since 1948 - candidate of philological sciences (dissertation topic - "From the history of nouns with -ost in the Russian literary language"). At the same time, N. M. Shansky began teaching at the Ryazan Pedagogical Institute. In 1951 he went to work in the Moscow "Uchpedgiz". From 1953 to 1987 he taught at the Department of the Russian Language of Moscow State University, where he was invited by V. V. Vinogradov (since 1961 he also headed the Etymological Cabinet of Moscow State University, where work was carried out on the Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language).

Since 1963 - editor-in-chief of the magazine "Russian Language at School". Since 1966 - Doctor of Philology (with the dissertation "Essays on Russian Word Formation"). In 1970, he headed the Research Institute for Teaching the Russian Language at the National School under the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (now the Center for Philological Education in the system of the Russian Academy of Education).

In 1996, the first All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in the Russian language was held in Kursk, one of the initiators of which was N. M. Shansky. He was also a member of the jury of a number of Olympiads.

Since 1999 - Member of the Presidium of the Federal Expert Council of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. In 2001 he was awarded the title of Honorary Professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities.

Bibliography

Shansky N.M. Fundamentals of word-formation analysis. - M.: Uchpedgiz, 1953. - 56 p.
Galkina-Fedoruk E. M., Gorshkova K. V., Shansky N. M. Modern Russian language: Syntax: textbook. allowance for ped. in-comrade. - M.: Uchpedgiz, 1958. - 200 p. - 75,000 copies.
Shansky N. M. Essays on Russian word formation and lexicology. - M.: Uchpedgiz, 1959. - 248 p. - 20,000 copies. (in trans.)
Galkina-Fedoruk E. M., Gorshkova K. V., Shansky N. M. Modern Russian language: textbook. allowance for philol. fak. Univ. Part 1: (Lexicology. Phonetics. Morphology) / Ed. E. M. Galkina-Fedoruk. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1962. - 344 p.
Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for students. philol. fak-tov un-comrade. - M.: Higher School, 1963. - 156 p. (in trans.)
- Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for students. philol. facts. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - M.: Higher School, 1969. - 232 p.
- Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language. - M.: Special literature, 1996. - 192 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7571-0038-9. (reg.)
- Shansky N. M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language. - Ed. 6th. - M.: Librokom, 2012. - 272 p. - (Linguistic heritage of the twentieth century). - ISBN 978-5-397-02318-4. (reg.)
Shansky N. M. Essays on Russian word formation / Hardcover by the artist S. B. Genkina. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow. un-ta, 1968. - 312 p. - 10,000 copies. (in trans.)
Shansky N. M. In the world of words: A guide for the teacher. - M.: Enlightenment, 1971. - 256 p. - 150,000 copies. (in trans.)
- Shansky N. M. In the world of words: A guide for the teacher. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - M.: Enlightenment, 1978. - 320 p. - 100,000 copies. (in trans.)
- Shansky N. M. In the world of words: A book for the teacher. - Ed. 3rd, rev. and additional - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 256 p. - 252,000 copies. (in trans.)
Shansky N. M. Lexicology of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for ped. in-t on spec. "Rus. lang. or T.". - Ed. 2nd, rev. - M.: Enlightenment, 1972. - 328 p.
Fomina M. I., Shansky N. M. Vocabulary of the modern Russian language: Proc. allowance for students. universities / Ed. N. M. Shansky. - M .: Higher. school, 1973. - 152 p.
Shansky N.M. Russian language: Vocabulary. Word formation: A guide for the teacher. - M.: Enlightenment, 1975. - 240 p.
Shansky N. M. Words born in October: A book for extracurricular reading: 8-10th grades. - M.: Enlightenment, 1980. - 112 p.
- Shansky N. M. Words born in October: A book for students. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - M.: Enlightenment, 1987. - 128 p.
Shansky N. M. Artistic text under a linguistic microscope: Book. for incl. reading students 8-10th grade. avg. school - M.: Enlightenment, 1986. - 160 p. - (World of knowledge). - 75,000 copies. (in trans.)
Modern Russian language: Proc. for students ped. in-t on spec. No. 2101 “Rus. lang. or T." At 3 o'clock / N. M. Shansky, V. V. Ivanov and others - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - M.: Enlightenment, 1987.
What does it mean to know the language and own it / N. M. Shansky [and others]. – L.: Enlightenment. Leningrad department, 1989. - 192 p.
Shansky N.M. Linguistic analysis of a literary text: Proc. allowance for students. ped. in-comrade. - Ed. 2nd, dorab. - L .: Education, 1990. - 416 p.
Shansky N. M. Collection of exercises on the linguistic analysis of a literary text: Proc. allowance for students. nat. groups of ped. in-tov / N. M. Shansky, Sh. A. Makhmudov. - St. Petersburg: Enlightenment. St. Petersburg. department, 1992. - 192 p.
Shansky N. M., Bobrova T. A. Again in the world of words: A guide for a language teacher. - M.: Moscow branch of the Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2001. - 224 p. - (Portfolio of a philologist). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-94537-002-9.
Shansky N. M. Linguistic analysis of the poetic text: A book for the teacher. - M.: Enlightenment, 2002. - 224 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-09-011440-4. (in trans.)
Shansky N. M. Through the pages of "Eugene Onegin": Commentary. Optional. Olympics. - M.: Bustard, 2005. - 176 p. - (Teacher's library). - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-7107-8913-5. (reg.)
Shansky N. M. Linguistic detectives. - M.: Bustard, 2010. - 528 p. - (Informative! Entertaining!). - 7000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-358-07644-0. (in trans.)

Nikolai Maksimovich Shansky (1922 - 2005) Scientist, linguist, Doctor of Philology, professor, full member of the Russian Academy of Education, scientific editor of a series of Russian language textbooks for secondary schools, one of the initiators of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in the Russian language, was awarded the title of honorary professor MSGU

N.M. Shansky is the author of more than 500 printed works, including "Entertaining Russian Language", "Linguistic Detectives", "This mysterious "Eugene Onegin" and many others - both for schoolchildren and students. The field of scientific activity of Nikolai Mikhailovich included the problems of modern and historical word formation, lexicology, phraseology, spelling, culture of speech, onomastics and etymology, methods of teaching the Russian language. On the most difficult and complex issues, he always tried to write simply and clearly.

N.M. Shansky was born in Moscow on November 22, 1922, into a family of poor tram drivers. He was educated at secondary school 184, after graduating from school he entered the Chernyshevsky Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature with honors. During the Great Patriotic War, Nikolai Mikhailovich worked at military factories, dug anti-tank ditches near Moscow, extinguished lighters from Nazi bombs on the roofs. All this time, classes continued at the institute. In December 1948, N.M. Shansky defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "From the history of nouns on - awn in the Russian literary language." From September 1953, he worked at the Russian Language Department of Moscow State University, first as an assistant professor, and then as a professor until 1987 (34 years old!)

In 1963 N.M. Shansky was appointed editor-in-chief of the oldest journal in Russia, Russian Language at School, and in 1970 he headed the Scientific Research Institute for Teaching the Russian Language at the National School, established under the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR. For many years, Nikolai Mikhailovich was a member of the Higher Attestation Commission, chairman of the Russian Language Council of the USSR Ministry of Education, a member of the bureau of the Department of Didactics and Private Methods of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, chairman of specialized academic councils for the defense of doctoral and master's theses, etc.

For his fruitful scientific, pedagogical and administrative activities, N.M. Shansky was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, the bronze medal of VDNKh, the medals of N.K. Krupskaya, K.D. Ushinsky, "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow", badges "Excellence in Public Education", "Excellence in Education of the USSR" and others. Until the last days of his life, Nikolai Maksimovich did not lose interest and love for people and for his work, he retained creative energy, efficiency and activity.

21.06.2023

Story

The most interesting: