Khakassia. The Republic of Khakassia

Distinctive features. Khakassia is a region with a unique, very beautiful nature. The picturesque steppe valleys of Khakassia are surrounded by high hills, which are replaced by even higher mountains. In some steppe areas, gravestones grow out of the ground like giant fingers - the remains of an ancient culture that once existed here.

There are two nature reserves on the territory of the republic - the Khakass State Nature Reserve and the Kazanovka National Museum-Reserve. More than 2 thousand archaeological monuments, including mysterious petroglyphs, were found on the territory of Kazanovka.

Khakass Nature Reserve. Photo http://ol-lis.livejournal.com/

The first state on the territory of Khakassia was founded in the 4th century BC. Then the Kyrgyz came here. They had a hard time - every now and then they had to fight off the Mongols, Uighurs and other peoples of Central Asia. After the campaigns of Genghis Khan, the lands of the Khakass were part of various Mongolian states, until in 1727 these territories were transferred to Russia.

The economy of Khakassia is associated with the production of electricity and aluminum. On the border with the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the Yenisei River, not far from the village of Shushenskoye, where Lenin once served his exile, the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station was built. This is the largest power plant in Russia, and the energy generated here is very cheap.

Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. Photo by ingalipt66 (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/ingalipt66/)

Not far from the hydroelectric power station, in the city of Sayanogorsk, large aluminum production plants were built, owned by various industrial groups. Their appearance here is associated with the availability of cheap electricity - one of the main factors when choosing the location of aluminum production. So the residents of Sayanogorsk are provided with work for a long time.

The vast steppes of Khakassia seem to be created for agriculture. Grains, sunflowers, and other crops are grown here. Livestock farming is also very well developed, including horse breeding.

Geographical location. The Republic of Khakassia is located in the southwestern part of Eastern Siberia, on the territories of the Sayan-Altai Highlands and the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin. Khakassia borders the Republic of Tuva in the south, the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the east, the Kemerovo region in the west and the Altai Republic in the southwest. Khakassia is part of the Siberian Federal District.

Highway M53 "Baikal" in Khakassia. Photo by Ilya Naimushin

Here you can find a variety of natural and climatic zones. In the high mountain regions there are tundra and glaciers, in the basin there are steppes and forest-steppes. The predominant terrain is mountains, steppes and taiga. There are about 500 lakes, rivers and small streams in Khakassia. The largest rivers are the Yenisei, Abakan, Chulym, Tom.

Population. The Republic of Khakassia has a population of 534,243 people. The share of the urban population is 65.79%. In Khakassia, positive natural population growth is +2.7 people. per 1000 inhabitants. Despite migration, the population of the republic remains at a stable level.

In terms of ethnic composition, the Russian population predominates in the Republic of Khakassia (80.32%). In second place are the Khakass (11.95%). Khakassia is a multinational region, more than 100 nationalities live here.

Festival of puppet theaters in Khakassia. Photo by sinovna (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/sinovna/)

Crime. 23rd place in the ranking of Russian regions in terms of the number of crimes committed is far from the worst result. But in essence, is there a fundamental difference between Khakassia, where about 10 crimes per 1000 people are recorded in six months, and the leaders of the rating, where this number is 13-14? Crimes are committed both there and there, and their number in any case is very significant. The only thing that gives hope is a trend towards a decrease in the crime situation (by 10-20% compared to the previous year). The most common crimes committed are theft, theft, and car theft.

Unemployment rate in the Republic of Khakassia - 7.95%. This region cannot be called economically developed. The average salary in Khakassia is 23 thousand rubles, and the highest average salaries in the field of financial activities are 44,352 rubles. However, in many other industries incomes are generally miserable. For example, in textile production - 12 thousand rubles, in the field of hotel and restaurant services - 13.3 thousand rubles.

Property value. A one-room apartment in Abakan costs 1.3 - 1.5 million rubles. Two-room apartment - 2-2.5 million rubles. Three rubles with an area of ​​70 square meters. meters and above cost from 3 million rubles. There are few apartment offers. Apparently those who wanted to leave Khakassia left a long time ago, and there are not many people who want to move here.

Climate Khakassia is sharply continental. Summers here are hot and winters are cold. It is also worth noting that there are more sunny days in Khakassia (on average 311 per year) than on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The weather is usually clear and partly cloudy. In spring, strong southwesterly winds bring dust storms. In January the average temperature is −17°C, in July +20°C. The amount of precipitation is 300-700 mm per year. Most of them fall in August (more than half of the annual norm).

"Wild" resort "Goryachiy Klyuch" near Abaza. Photo by Andrey Viktorovich (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/andrey5d/)

Cities of the Republic of Khakassia

(170 thousand people) - capital of the Republic of Khakassia. Located at the mouth of the Abakan River, which flows into the Yenisei. The settlement existed here back in the 17th century, but the official founding date of Abakan is considered to be 1931. Industry here is not very developed: there is a factory for the production of carriages, as well as a number of food industry enterprises.

But Abakan is the cultural and scientific center of Khakassia: there are several museums, theaters, palaces of culture, a number of institutes and Khakass State University. Among the advantages of the city are the ecology and well-developed infrastructure. Among the minuses are crime, the poor state of the public utilities sector, problems with more or less well-paid jobs.

Chernogorsk(72.6 thousand people) - the second largest city in Khakassia. This is a city of miners, as you can guess from its name. A black piece of coal is also depicted on the city's coat of arms. It was founded in the 1930s to develop the Minusinsk coal basin. At first, forced labor camp prisoners were recruited to work in the mines. Coal mining still forms the basis of the city's economy.

Sayanogorsk(48.9 thousand people) - a city on the banks of the Yenisei River, 80 km south of Abakan. Founded in 1975 in connection with the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. At the same time, they began to build two aluminum plants that used electricity from this very hydroelectric power station. These factories are the main city-forming enterprises. By the way, one of them, the Sayan Aluminum Smelter, is one of the three largest aluminum smelters in Russia. The city's infrastructure is poorly developed, but everything necessary for life is available. On the plus side, there is a place to work, but everything is spoiled by the environmental situation associated with the work of hazardous industries.

The city of Abakan is the capital of Khakassia. It is located in the very center of Siberia, on the river of the same name. Officially, he is quite young, only 80 years old, but his history goes back a long way. More than 100 nationalities live in Abakan, of which about 70 percent are Russians, the rest are Khakass and other nationalities. The veneration of the sky, fire, earth, water, motherhood, and ancestral culture is based on traditional shamanic cultures. Now the main religion is Orthodoxy.

The climate here is sharply continental, with warm summers around - +19 o C and very harsh and long winters. Spring begins closer to mid-April, but the cold can last until mid-June.

Facts from the history of the city

In 1675, the Abakan fort was built on the site of the modern city. It can be called the first settlement. Then a village called Ust-Abakanskoe appeared in the same place. In 1918, the power of the soviets was established in it. In 1931, the future capital of Khakassia officially received city status. And it was at this time that it was renamed Abakan. In 1990, the city became the capital of the Khakass Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. And in 1992, it was already the official capital of the Republic of Khakassia, which is part of the Russian Federation.

War years

During the Great Patriotic War, approximately 30 thousand soldiers were sent to the front from here. The famous 309th division was formed in Abakan, and it was this division that was able to defend the Ukrainian city of Pyryatyn. This date became memorable for two settlements. Abakan and Piryatin are sister cities.

After the end of the war, light industry enterprises begin to be built, new resources are found, many free jobs appear, and more and more people come to Abakan to work and stay forever. At the same time, construction of one of the largest hydroelectric power stations begins.

Coat of arms and flag of the city

The capital of Khakassia has its own coat of arms and flag. The coat of arms of Abakan was approved back in the 80s: the shield is divided horizontally into a green and blue field. The name of the city is written at the top; on a blue background there are 3 golden figures that are reminiscent of the only stone sculptures in Abakan. A red flower is depicted on a green field. In 2003, the flag of Abakan was officially approved: red, blue and white stripes on the field with the image of the coat of arms.

Economic development

The capital of Khakassia has a very developed transport network and industry. Containers and wagons are produced here. There is also a sausage factory, a confectionery, a shoe and knitting factory, and a cheese factory.

The capital of Khakassia can accommodate aircraft of almost any class. The city has the only federal airport. There are railway connections with a large number of cities and towns in Russia and the CIS countries.

Education

In Abakan there are 7 higher educational institutions, 2 sports schools, 18 technical schools, 27 schools. Children of preschool age attend kindergartens, of which many have also been built in the city. Young people can receive a prestigious education without leaving the republic.

Attractions

The capital of Khakassia will surprise guests with various attractions. There are church buildings of different denominations: Christian churches, Catholic cathedrals, Protestant churches, as well as Jewish ones. Abakan has a great variety of different monuments. Guests of the city will be interested in visiting some of them. The most popular is the monument to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

This city attracts tourists from all cities of Russia not only with the opportunity to visit the caves for which the Republic of Khakassia is famous. The capital has many entertainment venues. One of these is the largest zoo in all of Eastern Siberia. There are always a lot of visitors here, both local residents and city guests.

Subject of the Russian Federation (AE level 1)
The Republic of Khakassia
Khakas Republics
A country
Included in	- Siberian Federal District - East Siberian economic region
Administrative center
Head and Chairman Governments	Razvozhaev, Mikhail Vladimirovich
Chairman Supreme Council	Vladimir Shtygashev
GDP GDP per capita	RUB 182.4 billion (2016) (69th) 339.6 thousand rub.
official languages	Russian, Khakassian
Population	↘ 537,513 people (2018) (72nd place)
Density	8.73 people people/km²
Square	61,569 km² (46th place)
Timezone	MSK+4
ISO 3166-2 code	RU-KK
OKATO code	95
Code of the subject of the Russian Federation	19
Official site
Audio, photo and video on Wikimedia Commons

Physical map of Khakassia

The Republic of Khakassia(hack. Khakas Republics; briefly: Khakassia) - a subject of the Russian Federation, a republic within it. It is part of the Siberian Federal District, part of the East Siberian Economic Region.

Area: 61,569 km² (0.36% of the territory of Russia).

Population: 537,513 people. (2018).
Population density: 8.73 people/km² (2018).

Official languages: Russian and Khakass. German and Ukrainian languages ​​are also common.

Khakassia is located in the seventh time zone called Krasnoyarsk time. The UTC offset is relative to 7 hours. The difference with, the capital of Russia, is 4 hours.

Story

The settlement of the territory of Khakassia began in the Paleolithic era. The Mousterian layers of the multilayer site Dvuglazka (Glyadeny) date back to the beginning of the Kargin interglacial 40-50 thousand years ago. The earliest settlement of Homo sapiens on the territory of Khakassia is the Paleolithic site of Malaya Syya (30-35 thousand years ago), where drilled decorations processed with chisels were found, located in the Shirinsky district in the vicinity of the village of Malaya Syya on the banks of the Bely Iyus River.

The first state on the territory of Southern Siberia

The first state on the territory of Southern Siberia arose in the 4th-3rd centuries BC. e. Ancient Chinese chronicles called its creators the Dinling people (Chinese: 丁零), and the state - Dinling-guo (丁零国).

Around 201 BC e. The state of Dingling-guo was defeated by Xiongnu troops.

After this event, the Turkic-speaking Kyrgyz tribe moved to the Khakass-Minusinsk basin.

In the 6th-7th centuries, the Kyrgyz and their subordinate taiga peoples formed a peripheral inheritance of the Central Asian states, headed by a governor, Elteber.

In the 8th century it was a separatist region led by its own beks and inals, claiming the dignity of khan (see Bars Kagan).

In the 9th century it became a rapidly expanding aggressive steppe empire with the deified Kagan family.

In 840, this state destroyed the Uyghur Kaganate and extended its power to. Pursuing the remnants of the Uyghurs, the Kyrgyz fought their way to the Irtysh and Amur, and invaded the oases of Eastern Turkestan.

The Kyrgyz provided the state with senior military and administrative leaders. They were considered connected both dynastically and through marriage with the ruling houses of China and other neighboring countries.

In a harsh struggle with aggressive neighbors (Turkic and Uyghur Khaganates), the Kyrgyz state defended its independence until the 13th century, which became a turning point in the independent development of Sayan-Altai.

The Kyrgyz retain two main areas of their settlement: 1) Upper and Middle Yenisei; 2) Altai and Irtysh. Subsequently, the ethnic paths of the Yenisei Kyrgyz and the future Kyrgyz of the Tien Shan diverged.

The territory of Khakassia, during the conquests of the Great Mongol Ulus led by Genghis Khan and his descendants, until the beginning of the 18th century, was part of various Mongol-speaking states, in certain periods it was nominally part of the Manchu state of Qing.

Khakassia within the Russian Empire

In the 17th century, the Russians found the Kyrgyz land fragmented into 4 principalities - uluses, inhabited by the ancestors of the Khakassians and Shors (the remaining descendants of the early medieval Kyrgyz). The other part of the Kyrgyz returned to their ancestral lands in Tengri-Too starting from the middle of the 9th century, from the era of the Kyrgyz great power, until the middle of the 13th century, in several waves.

Khakass with musical instruments

The first contacts between the Kyrgyz and Russians began with the construction in 1604 of a fort on the land of the Eushta Tatars, tributaries of the Kyrgyz beks.

For more than a hundred years, a very complex and painful process of Khakassia coming under the jurisdiction of the Russian Empire and then the Russian Empire took place.

The date of official assignment of Khakassia to the Russian Empire can be considered August 20, 1727, when a border treaty was concluded between Russia and China. All the lands located on the northern side of the Sayan Mountains went to Russia, and on the southern side - to.

The actual entry of the territory of the current republic occurred later. In 1758, Chinese troops invaded Altai and defeated Dzungaria. There was a threat of violation of the officially recognized borders of the Russian Empire.

The tsarist government hastily placed Cossack garrisons in this area. From the moment when the Cossacks began to carry out border service, Khakassia actually entered the Russian Empire.

The administration of the territory was initially carried out by officials of the Siberian and Tomsk provinces. Since 1822, the Kyrgyz land became part of the Yenisei province.

Khakass Autonomous Region of the RSFSR and the Republic of Khakassia of the Russian Federation

Khakasssky district was formed on November 14, 1923. It became a national district, and then on October 20, 1930, the Khakass Autonomous Region appeared on the map. It was part of the West Siberian Territory, and after its disintegration in 1934 into.

On July 3, 1991, the autonomous region was transformed into a republic and received the name Khakass SSR; on January 29, 1992, it became known as the Republic of Khakassia. On June 6, 1992, the republic received its own flag, and on December 20, 2006, a coat of arms.

In 2007, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative coin dedicated to the Republic of Khakassia.

In 2015, the Anthem of the Republic of Khakassia was approved.

Geography

Relief map of Khakassia

Geographical position

The Republic of Khakassia is located in Southern Siberia on the left bank of the Yenisei basin, in the territories of the Sayan-Altai Highlands and the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin.

The length of the territory from north to south is 460 km, from west to east (in the widest part) – 200 km. In the north, east and southeast, Khakassia borders, in the south - with, in the southwest - with, in the west - with. The Republic of Khakassia is part of the Siberian Federal District.

Relief

The predominant terrain is steppes, mountains and taiga. The Sayan Mountains, whose height sometimes exceeds 2000 m, occupy two-thirds of the territory of the republic.

The largest rivers of Khakassia are the Yenisei, Abakan, Tom, Bely Iyus, Black Iyus, Chulym (the last four belong to the Ob basin). There are more than 500 lakes, rivers and small streams in the republic. The total length of the rivers is 8 thousand km.

Climate

The climate is sharply continental, with dry, hot summers and cold winters with little snow. The average air temperature in July is +17.9°C, in January –18.9°C. The number of sunny days in the republic is significantly higher than in neighboring regions.

Geology

Minerals

On the territory of Khakassia, iron is mined (reserves of 2 billion tons, large deposits: Teyskoye, Abakanskoye), molybdenum (Sorsk production complex), gold, coal (Askizskoye, Beiskoye, Izykhskoye, Chernogorskoye, Kuten-Bulukskoye), non-metallic minerals: barite, bentonite, facing marbles and granites, building materials. Deposits of copper, polymetals, phosphorites, asbestos, gypsum, jade, and jade have been explored. The explored deposits of Khakassia contain (as a percentage of reserves): coal - 3%, iron ore - 1%, molybdenum - 11%, barite - 27%, bentonite - 6.5%, facing stones - 13%.

Population

The population of the republic according to Rosstat is 537 513 people (2018). Population density - 8,73 people/km² (2018). Urban population - 69,37 % (2018).

Population change

All and urban population (its share) according to the All-Union and All-Russian censuses:

National composition

People	1926 thousand people	1939 thousand people	1959 thousand people	1970 thousand people	1979 thousand people	2002 thousand people	2010 thousand people
Russians	36,0 (43,4 %)	↗ 205,6 (75,3 %)	↗ 314,4 (76,5 %)	↗ 349,4 (78,3 %)	↗ 396,0 (79,5 %)	438,4 (80,3 %)	↘ 427,6 (81,7 %)
Khakassians	44,0 (53,0 %)	↗ 45,8 (16,8 %)	↗ 48,5 (11,8 %)	↗ 54,8 (12,3 %)	↗ 57,3 (11,5 %)	65,4 (12,0 %)	↘ 63,6 (12,1 %)
Germans	…	…	↗ 10,5 (2,6 %)	▬ 10,5 (2,4 %)	↗ 11,1 (2,2 %)	9,1 (1,7 %)	↘ 6,0 (1,1 %)
Ukrainians	…	↗ 7,7 (2,8 %)	↗ 14,6 (3,6 %)	↘ 9,5 (2,1 %)	↗ 10,4 (2,0 %)	8,3 (1,5 %)	↘ 5,0 (1,0 %)
Tatars	…	↗ 3,0 (1,1 %)	↗ 3,8 (0,9 %)	↗ 3,6 (0,8 %)	↗ 4,2 (0,8 %)	4,0 (0,7 %)	↘ 3,1 (0,6 %)
Belarusians	…	↗ 1,6 (0,6 %)	↗ 3,6 (0,9 %)	↘ 3,2 (0,7 %)	↘ 3,5 (0,7 %)	2,6 (0,5 %)	…
Chuvash	…	…	↗ 1,0 (0,5 %)	↗ 3,3 (0,7 %)	▬ 3,3 (0,7 %)	2,5 (0,46 %)	…
Mordva	…	↗ 3,7 (1,4 %)	↗ 3,9 (0,9 %)	↘ 3,6 (0,8 %)	↘ 3,4 (0,7 %)	1,8 (0,3 %)	…
Azerbaijanis	…	…	…	…	…	1,8 (0,3 %)	…
Shors	…	…	…	…	↗ 1,0 (0,2 %)	1,0 (0,18 %)	↗ 1,2 (0,2 %)
Nations with a population of more than 1000 people are shown

Settlements

Settlements with a population of more than 3 thousand people

Authorities and politics

The highest regulatory legal act of the region is the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia. It was adopted on May 25, 1995 by the Supreme Council of the Republic.

The highest official of the republic, heading the executive power in the region: Head of the Republic of Khakassia - Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Khakassia. The term of office is 5 years. Since 2009, the post has been held by Viktor Mikhailovich Zimin (United Russia), who was last elected to his post in September 2013. Until 2010, the position was called Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Khakassia.

Legislative power in Khakassia is exercised by a unicameral Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia consisting of 50 deputies elected under a mixed electoral system: 25 from party lists and 25 from single-mandate constituencies. The United Russia faction constitutes an absolute majority in the regional parliament (35 seats, 70%). The Chairman of the Supreme Council of the current VI convocation, elected in 2013, is Vladimir Nikolaevich Shtygashev.

In the Federation Council of Russia, the region is represented by Valentina Aleksandrovna Petrenko from the executive branch (since 2001) and Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Serebrennikov from the legislative branch (since 2006)

In the State Duma, the interests of voters of the Republic of Khakassia are represented by Nadezhda Maksimova from the United Russia party. Other parties from the Republic of Khakassia are not represented in parliament, since they did not receive the required number of votes in the elections of deputies in single-mandate constituencies.

Administrative division

Administrative division of Khakassia

Within the administrative-territorial structure, the Republic of Khakassia includes the following administrative-territorial units:

• 5 cities (of republican significance): Abakan, Abaza, Sayanogorsk, Sorsk, Chernogorsk,
• 8 districts including:
  • 83 village councils and 1 village council (with centers in rural settlements of the same name: villages, hamlets, towns, aals)
  • 4 urban-type settlements (councils):

Within the framework of the municipal structure of the republic, 100 municipalities were formed within the boundaries of the administrative-territorial units of Khakassia, of which:

• 5 urban districts,
• 8 municipal districts,
  • 83 rural settlements (82 village councils and 1 village council),
  • 4 urban settlements.

Districts and cities

№			District, city	Administrator trative center	Square, km	Population, people
Districts (municipal areas)
1			Altai region hack. Altai aimags	Bely Yar village	1 736	↘ 25 966
2			Askizsky district hack. Askhys aimagy	Askiz village	7 536	↘ 37 931
3			Beysky district hack. Pii aimags	Beya village	4 536	↘ 17 688
4			Bogradsky district hack. Bograd aimagy	village of Bograd	6 660	↘ 14 779
5			Ordzhonikidze district hack. Ordzhonikidze aimags	village of Kopyovo	6 610	↘ 11 298
6			Tashtypsky district hack. Tashtyp aimagy	Tashtyp village	20 290	↘ 15 172
7			Ust-Abakansky district hack. Agban piltiri aimagy	town	8 880	↗ 41 803
8			Shirinsky district hack. Shira aimagy	Shira village	6 880	↘ 26 113
Cities (urban districts)
I			Abaza city	Abaza city		↘ 15 592
II			Abakan city hack. Agban city	city	112,38	↗ 181 709
III			Sayanogorsk city	city	115,3	↘ 61 013
IV			city ​​of Sorsk hack. Soryg city	city	1 200	↗ 11 514
V			Chernogorsk city hack. Haratas city	city	117,8	↗ 77 090

Economy

Main industries

Operational spillway of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP in action (2010)

The basis of the entire economy of the region: hydroelectric power and aluminum production.

The energy system of Khakassia includes the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station (part of the Yenisei cascade of hydroelectric power stations, the most powerful in Russia, 6400 MW), the Mainskaya hydroelectric power station (power 321 MW) and three thermal power plants with a total capacity of 300 MW.

On the territory of the republic there are the Sayanogorsk and Khakass aluminum smelters, as well as Sayan Foil OJSC (all owned by Russian Aluminum).

Coal mining is also carried out in the region (LLC Coal Company “Razrez Stepnoy” and the Montenegrin branch of OJSC Siberian Coal Energy Company).

Coal development is carried out in two mines (Yeniseiskaya, Khakasskaya) and five open-pit mines with a total annual production volume of more than 6 million tons.

Other non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises include Sorsk Mining and Processing Plant LLC (ferromolybdenum and copper concentrate), Tuim Non-Ferrous Metals Processing Plant LLC (rolled copper).

The coefficient of per capita electricity production is 7.3, the highest in Russia; for coal - 5.3.

Agriculture

Khakassia is a developed agricultural region of Southern Siberia. Vast areas occupied by pastures and hayfields, the basis for the development of livestock farming (fine-fleece sheep breeding, dairy farming). Horse breeding plays an important role. The main crops in crop production are wheat, barley, oats, and millet. Industrial crops include sunflower and sugar beets. The coefficient of per capita livestock production is 1.2. Agricultural land makes up less than 20% of the region's area.

Internal differences, specialization of individual cities

Abakan specialization center for processing agricultural raw materials (meat processing plant, brewery).

The Chernogorsk node is the center of the Minusinsk coal basin (the Khakasskaya, Yeniseiskaya mines, the Chernogorsk coal mine), the Stepnoy open-pit mine. The basis of the city's economy is the Montenegrin branch of the Siberian Coal Energy Company (hard coal mining).

Sayanogorsk hub, one of the three largest aluminum smelters in Russia - Sayan Aluminum Smelter. A group of enterprises in the construction industry has been created (the Sayanmramor plants. The Sayano-Shushenskaya and Mainskaya hydroelectric power stations are located higher along the Yenisei.

Transport

The transport network of the republic is represented by road, rail and air transport.

Automobile transport

The republic's road network is most developed in its center, west and southwest, which is directly related to the location of large cities in the region.

The federal highway P-257 runs through Khakassia, to which the Abakan - Ak-Dovurak highway adjoins near the capital. The most developed sections of highways in Khakassia: Abakan -, Abakan - Beya, Abakan - Abaza, Abakan -, Bograd - Shira - Kopyevo, Kopyevo - Priiskovy.

Roads to other, smaller settlements are represented mainly by dirt roads, although they are currently being replaced with hard surfaces.

Intercity bus service is provided to all neighboring regions: (, Artyomovsk), (,), (,), and (,). There are routes for longer distances, in,.

Intercity communication is provided by buses, minibuses, and private taxis. With the opening of the summer season, the load increases on sections of the roads Abakan - Shira, Abakan - Sorsk (to the sanatorium "Tumanny").

Railway transport

The railway network of Khakassia belongs to the Abakan region of the Krasnoyarsk Railway. The total length of railways is 663 km.

There are both electrified sections (Abakan - Kaltas) and non-electrified sections that make up the main part of the republic's railway network: Tigei - Kopyovo, Askiz - Abaza, Biskamzha - Teya.

Local trains No. 659/660 - (via), No. 675/676 - (via Biskamzha), long-distance trains No. 67/68 run throughout the republic Abakan Abakan Khakass Technical Institute

The Khakass Research Institute of History, Language and Literature (KhakNIYALI), Khakass State University named after. N. F. Katanova (KhSU) with agricultural, medical, pedagogical and musical, Khakass Technical Institute (KhTI) - a branch of the Siberian Federal University (SFU), Abakan branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy, Khakass Institute for the Development of Education and Advanced Training, Khakass Polytechnic College, Khakass College of Professional Technologies, Economics and Service and others.

Culture in Khakassia

Abakan is the cultural center of Khakassia. The Khakass National Museum of Local Lore operates in Abakan. L. R. Kyzlasov, National Library named after N. G. Domozhakov, Khakass Republican Philharmonic named after V. G. Chaptykov, Center for Culture and Folk Art named after. S. P. Kadysheva, Abakan Art Gallery, Abakan Youth Palace, city cultural center “Victory”, house of culture for railway workers.

Puppet Theater "Skazka"

Among the theaters operating in Abakan: two drama theaters: the Russian Republican Drama Theater named after M. Yu. Lermontov and the Khakassian National Drama Theater named after A.M. Topanov, the Khakassian National Puppet Theater "Fairy Tale", the Khakassian State Theater of Small Forms "Chitigen".

Archeology

Afanasyevskaya culture | Okunevskaya culture | Andronovo culture | Karasuk culture | Tagar culture | Tashtyk culture | Salbyk mound | Boyarskaya pisanitsa | Sulek writing | Chebaki fortress (Sve-Takh).

Sports in Khakassia

Freestyle wrestling is the most developed in the republic (Karamchakov Sergey - bronze medalist of the Seoul Olympics, Chuchunov Leonid - silver medalist of the European Championship, Serbigeshev Alexey - bronze medalist of the World Championship, Karamchakova Inga - silver medalist of the World Championship, Karamchakova Natalya - silver medalist of the World Championship, Kaskarakova Lilia - European champion, silver medalist of the world championship),

Athletics, volleyball, basketball, and table tennis are also widely practiced in Abakan; the Sayany-Khakassia professional bandy club and the Crystal amateur hockey club are based. The men's volleyball club Sibirtelecom-Khakassia and the women's volleyball team of KhSU compete in various Russian leagues. There is an aikido-aikikai club “Samurai”, there are kick-boxing and freestyle wrestling teams.

There is a sports complex "Abakan" with a swimming pool and an athletic arena. It rightfully bears the title of the best sports complex in Khakassia.

Khakassia media

• Republican newspaper "Khabar" (in Khakassian language);
• Republican newspaper "Khakassia";
• State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Khakassia";
• Media holding "Abakan" (newspaper, radio, TV "Abakan");
• Weekly newspaper “Truth of Khakassia” (organ of the Khakass Regional Communist Party of the Russian Federation);
• Weekly newspaper "Chance";
• Weekly newspaper “Friday”;
• Information Agency "Khakassia";
• Internet magazine “New Focus”;
• Business Information Agency;
• Republican Television Network (RTS);
• Media group "South of Siberia";
• Magazine “Construction in Khakassia”;
• News agency "Khakassia Inform"
• Media holding "Abakan" (television, newspaper and radio "Abakan")

Famous personalities of Khakassia

• Igor Akhpashev - Hero of the Russian Federation.
• Gennady Vyatkin is a statesman and public figure, builder.
• Alexander Dankovtsev is a party, state and public figure.
• Mikhail Domozhakov - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Yuri Zabelin is a journalist, public and cultural figure.
• Grigory Zorin - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Semyon Kadyshev is a folk storyteller.
• Sergei Karamchakov is an Olympic bronze medalist.
• Nikolay Katanov - philologist, ethnographer.
• Vlas Kolpakov - state, party and public figure
• Yuri Kuznetsov - actor.
• Leonid Kyzlasov - archaeologist, historian.
• Lykovs (family of Old Believers-hermits).
• Stepan Mainagashev - ethnographer, educator.
• Vasily Tikhonov - Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant General.
• Vladimir Todykov is an artist.
• Vladislav Torosov is a party, state and public figure.
• Mikhail Torosov is a party, state and public figure.
• Galina Troshkina is a statesman and public figure.
• Vasily Uguzhakov is a statesman and public figure.
• Vladimir Chaptykov - singer, teacher, statesman.
• Mikhail Chebodaev - Hero of the Soviet Union.

see also

• Khakass Autonomous Region
• Tourism in Khakassia
• List of cultural heritage monuments of Khakassia in Wikivoyage

Notes

1. Gross regional product per capita by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. MS Excel document
2. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
3. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
4. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
5. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Art. 5, pp. 12
6. Abramova Z. A. Mousterian Grotto of Two-Eyes of Khakassia // KSIA, issue 165, 1981.
7. Drilled jewelry from Siberia turned out to be older than Eastern European ones
8. Ancient Khakassia
9. See: Khudyakov, Yu. S. Military affairs of the Kyrgyz of Central Asia (IX - XVIII centuries) / Under. ed. prof. T.K. Chorotegina. - Bishkek: “Turar”, 2017.. - 280 pages, illustrations, maps. - Muras Foundation. - Series “History and Heritage”. - ISBN 978-9967-15-702-6.
10. Essays on the history of Khakassia (from ancient times to the present) / Ch. editor V. Ya. Butanaev. - Abakan: KhSU Publishing House. N. F. Katanova, 2008. - P. 247-255.
11. Law of the Republic of Khakassia dated January 29, 1992 No. 1 “On changing the name of the Khakass Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Federation”
12. Khakassia spent eight years on a new anthem
13. Geography Archived July 10, 2006.
14. Population censuses of the Russian Empire, USSR, 15 newly independent states
15. Volumes of the official publication of the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
16. Demoscope Weekly - Application. Directory of statistical indicators
17. Demoscope Weekly - Application. Directory of statistical indicators
18. Demoscope Weekly - Application. Directory of statistical indicators
19. Demoscope Weekly - Application. Directory of statistical indicators
20. All-Russian Population Census 2002
21. Information materials on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
22. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
23. The size of the permanent population in the Altai region of the Republic of Khakassia. Retrieved August 10, 2014. Archived August 10, 2014.
24. All-Russian population census 2010. 3. Population of the Republic of Khakassia. Retrieved May 11, 2014. Archived May 11, 2014.
25. Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia. Guarantee. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
26. Law “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Khakassia”
27. Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia
28. Republic of Khakassia.. Comments: LiveInternet - Russian Online Diary Service
29. Regional press" Republic of Khakassia

Links

• Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia
• Official portal of the executive authorities of the Republic of Khakassia
• Legislation of the Republic of Khakassia
• Republic of Khakassia in the directory-catalog “All Russia”
• General geographical map of Khakassia

This is a region with an original and very attractive nature. The expressive steppe plains of the republic are surrounded by the highest hillocks, which are replaced by even more elevated mountains. In some steppe places, like thumbs, indestructible stones sprout from the ground - the remaining pieces of the former ancient culture that once existed here.

In contact with

Classmates

General information about the Republic of Khakassia

Nowadays, there are 2 nature reserves in the republic:

1. Khakass government natural reserve;
2. State museum-reserve, which is called “Cazanovka”.

More than 2 thousand archaeological monuments, including mysterious petroglyphs, have been discovered in the Kazanovka area.

The first power to emerge on the territory of Khakassia existed in the 4th century BC. e. After which the Kyrgyz arrived in this area. It was hard for them - after all, they constantly had to fight off invaders such as:

• Uyghurs;
• Mongols;
• Other Central Asians.

Subsequently, after the travels of Genghis Khan, the territories of the Khakass were part of various Tatar countries until these lands became the property of Russia.

Economy of Khakassia associated with the creation of aluminum and electricity. At the border with the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the well-known Yenisei River, near the village of Shushenskoye, where Ulyanov once had to serve his exile, the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station was built. It is the largest power plant in Russia. In addition, the energy produced here is quite cheap.

In the town of Sayanogorsk, which is located near the hydroelectric power station, large factories have been created that specialize in the production of aluminum, belonging to various industrial groups. Their occurrence is associated with the presence of inexpensive electricity - one of the most significant factors when selecting a territory for establishing aluminum smelters. Thus, the population of Sayanogorsk is guaranteed presence of jobs.

Wide steppes belonging to the Khakassians seem to be specially formed for the agricultural sector. It is customary to grow sunflowers, grains, and other crops here. In addition, livestock farming is well developed, including horse breeding.

This the state is located in Eastern Siberia, namely in the southwestern part, in the zones of the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin and the Sayan-Altai Highlands.

On the map you can see that Khakassia is adjacent to:

• the Republic of Tuva in the south;
• Krasnoyarsk Territory in the east;
• With the Kemerovo region in the west;
• With the Altai Republic in the southwest.

Here you have the opportunity to experience different climatic and natural zones. For example, in high mountain areas there are glaciers and tundra, in the basin there are forest-steppes and steppes. The main landscape of the territory is steppes, forests, and mountains. There are approximately 500 lakes in Khakassia, rivers and small streams. Using the map you can see the largest rivers of Khakassia:

• Abakan;
• Yenisei;
• Tom;
• Chulym.

Below will be provided the Republic of Khakassia on the map of Russia. You can also find additional maps and detailed information about the state on the Internet, for example, on Wikipedia.

Population of Khakassia

Lives in the state 534,243 people. Some municipal residents - 65.79%. The republic has a favorable natural increase in population of +2.7 people. per 1 thousand citizens. Despite migration, the number of residents of the republic remains stable.

As for the national composition, the Russian people dominate here (80.32%). The second place is occupied by the Khakassians (11.95%). Khakassia is a multinational region in which more than 100 nationalities live.

Republic of Khakassia: climate

Khakassia has a sharply continental climate. Winters here are cold and summers are hot. In addition, it should be noted that the state has a predominance of sunny and fine days over the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The weather is usually partly cloudy and light. In spring, powerful southwesterly winds cause dust storms. The average temperature in January is -17 degrees, and in July - +20 degrees. Approximately 300-600 mm of precipitation falls annually. The highest rainfall occurs in August.

Fauna, flora and minerals

Khakassia is located in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. In the lower regions of the basins, dry steppes predominate; as for the outskirts, there is forest-steppe, as well as steppes with various plants. The slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau are characterized by the presence of a taiga of pine and larch trees, and the slopes of the Western Sayan Mountains and the Abakan Range are characterized by cedar and fir forests. Forest areas cover about 4 million hectares. total area.

Birds, animals and fish are found here, such as:

• Capercaillie;
• Hare;
• Columns;
• Squirrel;
• Burbot;
• Mole;
• Taimen;
• Wolf;
• Fox;
• Bear et al.

There are also nature reserves on the territory of the state: “Maly Abakan” and “Chazy”.

Abakan - Republic of Khakassia

The main city of Khakassia is located in the very center of Siberia, near the river of the same name. Abakan is quite young, it is only 80 years old, however, its history has distant roots. Thanks to traditional shamanic cultures, the veneration of fire, earth, sky, water, ancestral culture, and motherhood was formed. At the moment, the main faith is Orthodoxy.

Regarding the climate, we can say that it is sharply continental. Summers here are warm - + 19 degrees, but winters are very cold and long. Spring begins around mid-April, however, the cold can continue until mid-June.

War years of Abakan

During the Great Patriotic War, approximately 30 thousand soldiers left Abakan for front-line positions. The popular 309th Division was created in the city, and it was this division that was able to repel attacks from the Ukrainian city of Piryatyn. Now Abakan and Piryatin are sister cities.

After the end of hostilities, light industrial production began to be built, a large number of jobs appeared, new resources were discovered, and more people began to come to Abakan to get a job, but many remained forever. During the same period, the construction of the largest hydroelectric power station began.

Economic development of the Republic

The capital of Khakassia has a highly developed transport network, as well as industry. Cars and containers are manufactured here. There are also various sausage production, confectionery, knitting and shoe factories, as well as cheese factories.

Nowadays, Khakassia is famous for its capital, which is capable of receiving aircraft of almost any category. The city has one federal airport. There are railway connections with a large number of cities and towns in Russia, as well as other CIS territories.

Education in Abakan

There are 7 higher educational institutions, several sports schools, 18 technical schools, as well as 27 regular schools. Children of preschool age go to kindergartens, of which there are many throughout the state. The younger generation can acquire a prestigious education without even leaving their homeland.

Sights of Abakan

Abakan is able to surprise its guests with various attractions. There are many spiritual buildings of various faiths here: Catholic cathedrals, Protestant and also Jewish temples, Christian churches. There are many different monuments in the city. Guests of the city will find it fascinating to visit many of them. The most famous is the monument to a soldier of the Great Patriotic War.

Abakan attracts travelers from all cities of Russia not only with the opportunity to visit the caves for which the state is famous. The city contains many entertainment venues. Some of these are the largest zoo in all of Eastern Siberia. The capital is always full of guests, both tourists and local residents.

The Republic of Khakassia within the Russian Federation. The name of the republic is based on the name of the indigenous Khakass people. Official the name Republic of Khakassia was adopted in 1992. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 ... Geographical encyclopedia

Khakassia- Khakassia. 1. Nature Reserve Chazy Khakassia, Republic of Khakassia, is located in the south of Eastern Siberia. Included in the East Siberian economic region. Area 61.9 thousand km2. Population 585.8 thousand people (1996). Capital Abakan. Another big one... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

KHAKASIA, Republic of Khakassia, subject of the Russian Federation; located in the south of Eastern Siberia. Included in the East Siberian economic region. Pl. 61.9 thousand km2. Population 584.2 thousand people. (1998). The capital is Abakan. Dr. large city of Chernogorsk ... Russian history

- (Republic of Khakassia) in the Russian Federation. 61.9 thousand km². Population 583.5 thousand people (1993), urban 73%; Khakassians, Russians, Ukrainians, etc. 5 cities. The capital is Abakan. Located in the southeast of Siberia, in the western part of Minusinsk... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 1 republic (21) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

- (Republic of Khakassia), in the Russian Federation. 61.9 thousand km2. Population 584.2 thousand people (1998), urban 70.8%; Khakassians, Russians, Ukrainians, etc. 5 cities, 13 urban-type settlements. The capital is Abakan. Located in the south of Eastern Siberia, in... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

KHAKASIA- (Republic of Khakassia) until 1991 an autonomous region, then a republic within the Russian Federation. According to the Constitution of X., adopted by the Supreme Council of X. on May 25, 1995, X. is a subject of the Russian Federation, a state within the Russian Federation. Names Republic of Khakassia and Khakassia... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law