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The period after the parenthesis. §201

§ 64.1

When “meeting” inside a sentence, a comma and a dash are placed first comma, and then dash: The history of discoveries, inventions, the history of technology that makes life and work easier for people - this, in fact, is the history of culture(M.G.); It’s not the splashing water, you can’t fool me, it’s his long oars(L.).

In most cases, each of these two punctuation marks is placed on its own basis: Alas! My box, a saber with a silver frame, a Dagestan dagger, a gift from a friend - everything disappeared(L.) - a comma closes a separate application, a dash is placed before the generalizing word after listing homogeneous members of the sentence; His gait was careless and lazy, but I noticed that he did not wave his arms - the first sign of some secretiveness of character(L.) - a comma closes the subordinate part of a complex sentence, a dash is placed before a kind of application to the preceding words, has a connecting connotation; I answered that the flies were bothering me, and we both fell silent.(L.) - a comma closes the subordinate clause, a dash is placed before the part of the sentence expressing the consequence.

Staging dash as an additional sign may depend on the context. Wed: All kinds of objects were laid out on the table: books, writing instruments, geographical maps, a box whose purpose no one knew - the subordinate part of a complex sentence refers to the last homogeneous member and is thereby included in the enumeration; no additional sign is required; All kinds of objects were laid out on the table: books, writing instruments, geographical maps - which the owner, apparently, had not used for a long time - The dash is needed to show that the subordinate clause refers to all homogeneous members, more precisely, to the generalizing word.

§ 64.2

About the production comma and dash as a single sign in a complex sentence, see § 40, in a non-union complex sentence - § 46, in a period - section 13. See also: § 25, paragraph 10; § 26; § 32, note 1; § 43, paragraph 3; § 45, paragraph 9; § 48 - 50.

§ 65. Question and exclamation marks

When a question mark and an exclamation mark “meet”, put first question mark, as the main one, characterizing the sentence according to the purpose of the statement, and then - in exclamatory, as an intonation sign: Is it really possible to talk about a loved one like that?!

§ 66. Quotation marks and other signs

§ 66.1

Period, comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before closing quotation marks (all these characters can only appear after quotation marks): Some voted for, others against, but the former constituted the majority; I’ve had enough of your “buts”, I’m fed up with them; Erase all the “white spots” on the map - this is what geographers have always dreamed of.(See also § 47, 48 and 54.)

§ 66.2

§ 66.3

If there is a question or exclamation mark before the closing quotation marks, then a comma after the quotation marks is placed only as required by the context: He often asked himself the familiar question “who should I be?”, but never found an answer for himself; Conscription slogans appeared on the sides of combat vehicles: “For the Motherland”(gas.).

§ 66.4

If there is a question or exclamation mark before the closing quotation marks, then it is not repeated after the quotation marks: Have you read the novel “What is to be done?”

Dissimilar characters, if they are required by the context, are placed before and after the closing quotes:

I am reading A.I. Herzen’s novel “Who is to Blame?”

Which poem by M. Yu. Lermontov contains the words: “I love the Fatherland, but with a strange love!”?

A period is placed after the closing quotation marks if it is used before them as a sign denoting an abbreviation of a word: The ad said:

“Country furniture has appeared on sale: tables, chairs, sofas, etc.”

§ 66.5

If at the beginning or at the end of the text (direct speech, quotation) there are internal and external quotation marks, then they should differ in pattern (“Christmas trees” and “paws”): The author of the article points out that “the golden fund of world literature includes such works of Russian classics as War and Peace.”

If there is a question or exclamation mark between the inner and outer quotation marks, then quotation marks of the same pattern can be used: An outstanding journalistic work by A. M. Gorky is the article “Who are you with, “masters of culture”?”

§ 66.6

If a sentence or phrase enclosed in quotation marks should end with a comma, but the text continues, then the comma is not placed either before or after the closing quotation marks: The poems “You know the land where everything breathes abundantly” are familiar to us from childhood; But the time came when the “old man obsessed with drawing” could no longer hold a brush in his hand.

However, the comma is not omitted before the opening quotation marks: Remember “how beautiful, how fresh the roses were.”

§ 67. Parentheses and other signs

§ 67.1

Do not precede an opening or closing parenthesis with a comma, semicolon, colon or dash; all these signs are placed only after the closing bracket (except for the case specified in § 26): Ovsyanikov adhered to ancient customs not out of superstition (his soul was quite free), but out of habit(T.); Rudin... is so decisive that he himself tells Natalya about his love (although he speaks not of his own free will, but because he is forced to have this conversation); he asks her for a date(Black); He had three daughters (he even called them that on purpose): Faith Hope Love; This whole area (scientists recently established this) - the bottom of the sea in the past.

§ 67.2

A period, question mark and exclamation mark are placed before the closing bracket if they refer to words enclosed in brackets (see author's remarks in plays, inserted structures): Goodbye sister! (Kisses Varvara.) Goodbye, Glasha! (Kisses Glasha.) Goodbye, mummy! (Bows.)(Acute); And how cozy and unique I remembered the quiet evenings in our winter quarters, when we, six men, smoking pipes, would sit in the warm wardroom (and it’s frosty outside, blizzard, brr!) and we scratch our tongues and laugh(Hump.).

§ 67.3

After the closing parenthesis, the punctuation mark required by the context is placed, regardless of what character appears before the closing parenthesis: Not only are there no songs, where did the sleep go? (he recognized insomnia too!); everything is suspicious and everything worries him(Kr.).

(For placing a period after the closing bracket, if the parentheses contain a reference to the author and the source of the quotation, see § 56, paragraph 1.)

§ 67.4

When “meeting” at the end of a sentence, internal and external brackets are allowed to use brackets of different designs - round and square (cf. the use of quotation marks of different designs, § 66, paragraph 5).

§ 67.5

Directions in transcripts of speeches and reports are enclosed in parentheses; a dot is placed before the closing bracket at the end of the remark (cf. paragraph 2); The period, question mark and exclamation mark before the opening bracket are preserved: This concludes my message. (Applause.); Will we not overcome these difficulties? (Excitement in the hall.); I believe in the future of Russia! (Everyone stands up. Applause.)

Notes from the editors are also issued: Printed in order of discussion. (Ed.)

§ 68. Ellipsis and other signs

§ 68.1

After a question or exclamation mark, there are not three dots (the usual type of ellipsis), but two (the third dot is under one of the named signs): How long to live in the world?..(TV); How did you play yesterday!..(Sharp)

§ 68.2

When an ellipsis “meets” a semicolon, the latter is absorbed by an ellipsis, which indicates not only the omission of words, but also the omission of a punctuation mark: His wife... however, they were completely happy with each other(G.).

§ 69. Placement of punctuation marks in footnotes

§ 69.1

Comma, semicolon, colon And dot are placed after the footnote sign to indicate that the footnote refers to a word or group of words:

…cm. below1, ...the following":

§ 69.2

Question and exclamation marks, ellipsis and quotation marks are placed before the footnote mark to indicate that the footnote applies to the entire sentence:

...isn't it?1…to eternity...*

…it will be so! … "Taman".

What could be simpler marks at the end of a sentence!

Even in 1st grade, children learn to use a period, a question mark, or an exclamation mark. All!
However…
Difficulties arise when signs have to combine. Let's get a look.

Dot, ? And!

Let's remember the main rule:

There are NOT more than three characters in a row: … !.. ?.. ?!.

However, the rule only applies when combined different signs.

If we are talking about one thing, only the point has the privilege, and even then there should be exactly THREE(not two and no more than three), and this sign is called an ellipsis...

Ellipsis not separated by a space:

at the beginning of a sentence - from the first word
at the end of a sentence - from the last word
inside a sentence - from a word, after which is worth

? And! There are only single ones.

That is, according to the rules, even two!! or three??? in a row - ERROR!

When combined ? And! are placed only in the following sequence: ?! And never vice versa.

Important! You can often see something like this inside a sentence: …, or ..,

Remember: ellipsis and comma DO NOT MATCH.

In such cases we simply set … and continue the sentence with a lowercase (as after a comma).

When a point collides abbreviations (and etc.) with a period at the end of the sentence there is an absorption: put only one dot: etc.

At the same time: if such an abbreviation at the end of the sentence is in brackets, a period is also placed after the bracket (like this: etc.).

Dot, dot, ? And! with "quotes" and (brackets)

What to do when the above-mentioned signs with quotation marks “collide” » or parenthesis ) ?

The rules are perfect different.

QUOTES

If a single word or several words are enclosed in quotation marks, everything is simple. Let us consider only the case when an offer is made entirely.

In this case … ! ? are placed INSIDE, but . always AFTER quotes. ALWAYS! ».

Note: the quote configuration does NOT matter.

BRACKETS

At first glance, everything is simpler with brackets. But there is a very important nuance here too.

Let's look only at the end of the sentence.

If enclosed in parentheses full offer- all signs (and a period too!) are placed inside:

The girl concentratedly placed punctuation marks. (The boy watched her expression.)

However, if only part of a sentence- everything changes radically:

signs are placed after the bracket.

The boy watched the expression on his friend’s face (she was putting punctuation marks).

Of course, we must not forget about cases when, for example, ? or ! refers to what is enclosed in parentheses - it is clear that in this case they will be inside the parentheses. However, there must still be a final sign that applies to the entire sentence. BEHIND the bracket.

You are following my train of thought (I’m talking about signs!)?

About headlines

Almost everyone knows that headlines don’t have a full stop. But when the title consists of two (or more) sentences - for some reason questions arise :)
So: in headings consisting of several sentences, a full stop is NOT placed after the last one! Don't believe me? Ask Milchin and Cheltsova...

_________________

Literature:

School textbook.
A. E. Milchin, L. K. Cheltsova.

_______________________________

EXERCISE

Make 9 sentences:

Three - with a different combination of characters at the end of the sentence.
Four - with different combinations of characters . … ? ! with quotes.
One with parentheses inside a sentence (the one in parentheses must be at the end of the sentence).
One sentence enclosed in parentheses.

Vladimir, you asked far from an idle question. The point is not a new fashion, but a certain vagueness of the old rules. If you follow the reference book by D.E. Rosenthal on spelling and style, there is no direct and unambiguous indication of whether it is necessary to put a period after the quotation marks closing direct speech, preceded by a question or exclamation mark. IN §119 the following is said:

It would seem that the paragraph indicates that a period is placed after the closing quotation mark. However, as we see, in the practical example from Lermontov there is no dot after the closing quotation mark. The same punctuation is used in other examples given in this paragraph.

Apparently, this sometimes confuses publishers.

However, in §135 Here is a rule that allows you to interpret the situation differently:

To be honest, I don’t see a fundamental difference between the example from Lermontov and the example about slogans on the sides of cars in terms of punctuation. Statements that there is direct speech, and here - something else, would be extremely far-fetched. After all, both there and here are direct reproductions of someone’s words (or text).

In conditions where the rules are not completely clear, I prefer to use common sense. A period is a punctuation mark that completes a declarative sentence. Let's compare two phrases:

(1) She asked me if I was hungry.
(2) She asked me: “Are you hungry?”

In both cases we are dealing with a declarative sentence of the form She asked me (something), and it is logical for this sentence to end with a period. The question mark refers to another phrase inserted into this sentence as a quotation, and it should not affect the punctuational completion of the main construction.

To summarize: in conditions of confusion, you need to give priority to logic. The absence of a period at the end of a declarative sentence that includes direct speech or a quotation deprives the sentence of completeness. Therefore, in such cases, I would still recommend putting an end to it, and if necessary, to justify this, refer to §135 of Rosenthal’s reference book, especially since the text of the instructions in §119 (except for the actual punctuation of the examples in this paragraph) does not formally contradict this.

About combinations of punctuation marks

§ 198. When a comma and a dash meet, the comma is placed first, and then the dash, for example:

Sholokhov

Note. If after the dash there are words that are separated by commas according to existing rules (for example, introductory words), then the first comma is omitted, for example:

Pine, spruce, fir, cedar - in a word, all species of coniferous trees are found in the Siberian taiga.

§ 199. Closing quotation marks are not preceded by a period, comma, semicolon, colon, or dash. All these signs are placed only after quotation marks, for example:

M. Gorky

§ 200. Question and exclamation marks and ellipsis are placed before the closing quotation marks if they refer only to the words enclosed in quotation marks, but after the closing quotation marks if they refer to the entire sentence together with the words highlighted by quotation marks, for example:

M. Gorky

Lermontov

Are “reviews” necessary now?

Belinsky

Note 1. If there is a question mark, exclamation mark, or ellipsis before the closing quotation marks, then the same marks are not repeated after the quotation marks; unequal characters, if they are required due to the nature of the corresponding parts of the text, can be placed before and after the closing quotation marks, for example:

Have you read Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?”

The drama club is preparing to stage the play “Into Battle!” Why do you say: “No matter how it is!”?

Note 2. If at the beginning or at the end of a quotation (the same applies to direct speech) there are internal and external quotation marks, then they should differ from each other in design (the so-called “herringbones” and “petals”), and the external quotation marks should not be omitted, For example:

On board the ship they radioed: “Leningrad has entered the tropics and is continuing on its course.”

About Zhukovsky, Belinsky writes: “Contemporaries of Zhukovsky’s youth looked at him primarily as an author of ballads, and in one of his letters Batyushkov called him a “balladeer.”

§ 201. Do not precede an opening or closing parenthesis with a comma, semicolon, colon or dash; all these signs are placed only after the closing bracket, for example:

Turgenev

Belinsky

Turgenev

§ 202. A period, question marks, exclamation marks and ellipses are placed before the closing bracket if they refer only to the words enclosed in brackets, but after the closing bracket if they refer to the entire sentence along with the words enclosed in parentheses, for example:

Turgenev

L. Tolstoy

Note. After a quotation, followed in parentheses by a reference to the author and source, the period is omitted and placed after the reference outside the brackets, for example:

I remembered the words of Bazarov: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it” (Turgenev).

§ 203. The closing parenthesis that ends a sentence is followed by the punctuation mark required by the sentence as a whole, regardless of what character may appear before the closing parenthesis, for example:

Pushkin

Note. When there are internal and external brackets at the end of a sentence, it is allowed, if necessary, to use brackets of different designs (round and square).

In the section on the question How do you put a period at the end of a sentence if there is an abbreviation in a parenthesis? given by the author Olesya Aksenova the best answer is COMBINATIONS OF PUNCTION MARKS
§136. Parentheses and other symbols
After the closing parenthesis, the punctuation mark required by the context is placed, regardless of what character appears before the closing parenthesis, for example:
Not only are there no songs,
where did the sleep go (he recognized insomnia too!);
everything is suspicious
and everything worries him... (Krylov).
Perhaps (a flattering hope!)
The future ignorant will point out
To my illustrious portrait
And he says: “That was the Poet! "(Pushkin).
And here is from the Current Rules:
§ 203. After the closing bracket that ends a sentence, the punctuation mark required by the sentence as a whole is placed, regardless of what character may appear before the closing bracket, for example:
His only son, my grandfather Lev Alexandrovich, during the rebellion of 1762 remained faithful to Peter III, did not want to swear allegiance to Catherine - and was imprisoned in the fortress along with Izmailov (the fate and union of these names is strange!).
Pushkin
Note. When there are internal and external brackets at the end of a sentence, it is allowed, if necessary, to use brackets of different designs (round and square).

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