Where is Nenets Autonomous Okrug? Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a unique and inimitable subject of the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the region is almost entirely located above the Arctic Circle. The last snow here melts at the end of July, and winter lasts on average 220–240 days.

The Nenets Okrug is a mysterious northern expanse with a unique landscape and a set of natural, historical and cultural values, unusual and indescribable for a person who has never been to the north. For example, the northern lights or winter rainbows, snowstorms when visibility ends at arm's length, the vast expanses of snow-covered tundra, when it seems that you can walk to the edge of the world and look there.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed on July 15, 1929 by a Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee based on the will of the Nenets people.

The territory of the district is 176.7 thousand square meters. km. Within its current borders, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (yes, these are two different subjects of the Russian Federation), the Komi Republic and the Mezensky district of the Arkhangelsk region, from the north the border runs along the coast of the White, Barents and Kara seas, including the adjacent islands.

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug there are more than 30 cultural heritage sites - architectural and historical monuments that are under state protection.

Naryan-Mar is the administrative center and the only city in the district. There are also 1 urban-type settlement and 42 rural settlements in the district.

An interesting feature of the city is that the houses are given names. Locals will easily show you where the Titanic, Little Red Riding Hood, Sandwich, Gingerbread House, Bruise, Sandwich or the Royal Mews are located. By calling a taxi, you can ask the dispatcher to drive up to the sandwich, and they will understand you.

Over the course of 12 years, the city has completely changed its appearance, from 2-story barracks-type houses to modern high-rise buildings.

Naryan-Mar and other settlements of the district are not connected to the “mainland” by roads or railways. The only way to get to the district is by plane or winter road. The expression “Island on the mainland” comprehensively characterizes the transport situation in the district.

Nenets (photo by Matvey Chuprov)

The indigenous population of the district are the Nenets. 7 thousand people out of 43 thousand total population of the district.

The Nenets people lead a nomadic life, moving throughout the entire district. The rhythm and duration of the settlement of the camp is determined by the condition of the reindeer pastures and their ability to feed the animals. As soon as this ability is lost, the need arises to change pastures.

The number of deer in the district is 168 thousand, which is more than the number of people. For the Nenets, the deer is the center of life. Food, clothing, housing, transportation are all provided by this amazing animal.

Encampment (photo by Matvey Chuprov)

All Nenets have lived in tents since ancient times. For them, this is the center of the entire life of the family, which is perceived as a whole world with its own laws and rules.

Pustozersk (photo by Maria Samylova)

The archaeological heritage of the district is of great interest. A special place is occupied by the monument of federal significance Pustozerskoye fortified settlement. Pustozersk is the first city beyond the Arctic Circle. From the moment the “city and fortress” appeared, Pustozersk turned into the center of the entire lower and middle Pechora: from the Timan tundra to the northern Urals, from the coast of the Barents Sea and Vaygach to the Vym and Usa rivers. It was the largest settlement in the Far North, an administrative, trade and fishing, cultural and religious center of the Pechora Territory, and a military stronghold. The first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle.

It was here that Protopope Avakum wrote the unique “Life of Archpriest Avvakum, written by himself.”

White Nights

One of the reasons to come to the Nenets tundra is the phenomenon known as “white nights”. In summer, the sun does not set below the horizon 24 hours a day. This period lasts from May 29 to July 15. Have you ever seen the moon and sun in the sky at the same time? Such miracles are possible in the Nenets Okrug!

Northern Lights (photo by Daniil Ispolinov)

The long northern "polar nights" allow you to see another natural phenomenon - the Northern Lights. Around Naryan-Mar there are quite a few convenient places to observe the impressive play of sunlight.

Our region is fraught with many other wonders and mysteries. You can travel through it both in winter and in summer, and you always get the feeling or illusion that you have managed to embrace the immensity.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

This region of European Russia is the northeastern end of the Northwestern Federal District. Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a subject of this district, but is also part of. On the western border it borders with the rest of it, on the southern - with, on the eastern - with. In the north, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is surrounded by islands, also belonging to the Arkhangelsk region.

This patch is called “the most sparsely populated place in Russia.”

One of the northernmost corners of our Motherland began to be settled by people back in the 8th millennium BC. An unknown people inhabited this territory until the 10th century BC. In the Iron Age, the first reindeer herders came here. Their ethnicity has also not been established. Only in the 5th century AD did the Sirtya people appear on the scene. This was the name of the clan by the Nenets who migrated here in the 8th century. The Russians called Sirtya the word “pechera” - in honor of the river of the same name.

Pechera already paid tribute to Rus' in the 9th century. This was during the time she lived together with the Nenets. About the mysterious disappeared nation, we only know what the Nenets themselves told us in their legends. It’s as if the Sirte dissolved into the Samoyed occupiers, who densely populated the regions of polar Europe adjacent to Asia... The Nenets themselves also came from Siberia - they are a related people for the same Samoyeds (they speak the same language with them, have a common folklore). The Nenets and Samoyeds occupy the largest territory (after the Finno-Ugric peoples) in the world - from the Gulf of Ob (and north of it to the Yenisei) in the east to the Onega River in the west. In a south-north relationship, this language group occupies the zone of the subpolar taiga and the tundra located to the north.

The Nenets and Samoyeds entered Russian history under the name Samoyeds. The Nenets and Samoyeds themselves called themselves “neneynits” - “real man”. Therefore, already in Soviet times, the population of the current Nenets Autonomous Okrug received the name “Nenets”. The Novgorod Republic managed to finally conquer the Neneinians only in the 13th-15th centuries. After Novgorod ceded to Moscow (in 1478), the Nenets became part of the Moscow state.

At the very beginning of the 16th century, Prince Semyon Kurbsky (a governor who began serving under Ivan III) organized a paramilitary expedition to Pechora and founded the administrative center here - Pustozersk (now it does not exist). After 200 years, Pomors appeared here (specifically, on the Kanin Peninsula) - the descendants of the “Arctic” colonists from the Novgorod Land. The further history of the region is a joint biography of these disappearing peoples.

Since the 19th century, their land has been part of the Mezen and Pechersk districts of the Arkhangelsk province. In Soviet times, permanent settlements appeared here. One of them is the former settlement of Beloshchelsky - the center of the northern shipping company. Later it became the village of Telvisochnaya, and in 1932 it turned into the working village of Naryan-Mar. The heads of the so-called tundra councils, constituencies of the land undeveloped with villages, now called the Zapolyarny Municipal District, gathered here. On the contrary, Naryan-Mar developed as a city (now it is an urban district, subjugating hundreds of kilometers of the south). Not a single war has reached here. In this city and its environs, timber has been sawed for more than a century - a sawmill at the mouth of the Pechora was built in 1892 (and the idea itself arose after the Kruzenshtern expedition - in the 1860s).

Today, this part of European Russia is a land governed by various government bodies of the Arkhangelsk region. It consists of the 1st urban district and the 1st municipal district.

Relief and climate Nenets Autonomous Okrug

This section of the Arkhangelsk region is its eastern half. It is located on the coast of the White Sea, occupying the territory from the Czech Bay to the Baydaratskaya Bay.

The relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is characteristic of the entire polar north of our homeland. The weather here is subarctic, turning into temperate maritime on the coast. The relief is predominantly flat - only the Pai Haoi ridge and the Timan ridge protrude. Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundras are swampy.

The relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug explain the specifics of the local natural conditions. In January, the average temperature ranges from minus 3 degrees cold on the shores of the White Sea to minus 22 degrees in the southeast. The maximum temperature can be minus 31 degrees. In July, the standard temperature is 8 degrees on the coast and 16 degrees in the southeast. Precipitation is only 350 mm. in year. For these places, polar day and night, as well as permafrost, are considered normal.

The special relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug explain the birth of three plant zones. Only 8% of the southwest lies in the territory of continuous forest (taiga). 15.5% of this corner of Russia is forest-tundra (where rare pines and dwarf birches turn into shrubs in the north). 76.5% of the region is continuous tundra (frozen soil on which only grass, moss and lichen grow). In its southern subzone you can still find dwarf birch, wild rosemary and northern juniper. But in the Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya parts, only grass grows. Only at the ends of small (facing the sea) mountains are there thickets of bushes, and to the south - dwarf birch.

As a result, the urban district of Naryan-Mar, surrounded by taiga forest, is better populated.

Roads - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The region communicates with the islands of Vaygach and Bolshaya Zemlya to the rest of the Northwestern Federal District (by water).

The roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are two road directions. The first connects Ukhta and Usinsk (cities of the Komi Republic) with the Nenets River Kharayakha. The second highway is of local importance - from the center of Naryan-Mar it leads the traveler to the Shapkina River. It is called the Laya-Vozhskaya road and passes through all the settlements southeast of Naryan-Mar - from the Seekers’ Village to the distant geologists’ camp (near the Shapkina River).

The remaining roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are so-called winter roads (strips of snow compacted and raked by graders). They are stored exclusively at sub-zero temperatures.

Tundra Nenets (Khasova) are able to move along animal trails on reindeer sleds (they breed huge herds of deer here).

Winter roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug connect all corners of the district inhabited by a settled population with Naryan-Mar. They can also be used to reach more southern lands - regions of the Komi Republic. But Naryanmar residents fly to the tundra and to the east, for the most part, in small planes or helicopters.

Naryan-Mar is a river port. From here you can follow the Pechora River to the White Sea (only during rare shipping months). Residents of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug use frozen crossings as bridges across bodies of water. These are artificially “poured” strips of additional ice.

The capital has an airport designed for small aircraft. From the Naryan-Mar terminal you can fly to Ukhta or Arkhangelsk (sometimes even to St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Moscow). And by local planes and helicopters in good weather it is possible to reach any place in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Rest - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The areas of tourism specific to this region are extreme tourism and local history. On the territory of the district, a person learns his countless abilities associated with survival in the conditions of the far north, and also gets acquainted with the culture of the original local population.

Holidays in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are, first of all, a dynamically developing extreme destination called Arctic tourism. Its development is the merit of recognized Russian survival schools. Snowmobile and dog sled tours are just one of the services offered.

Local history holidays in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are organized by a certain number of tourism operators that directly cooperate with local authorities. The destination involves visiting 10 protected areas where the ancient economic way of life of the Nenets has been preserved, as well as cultural institutions of Naryan-Mar. This list includes 16 museums (2 state), as well as dozens of traveling exhibitions that immerse guests of the Russian north into the world of Nenets crafts. Among the listed institutions, three are the most popular among group tourists - the district museum of local lore, the “Ethnocultural Center of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug” and an exhibition dedicated to the life of the Pomeranian population.

It remains to add that holidays in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug also include summer rafting along numerous rivers (16 port points at various reservoirs in the district are available to watermen), fishing for a variety of local fish, as well as hunting for northern animals that have long disappeared in the more southern regions of our country.

The future of the Arkhangelsk Region Tourism Committee is to continue organizing seasonal car races “Naryan-Mar - Ukhta” on difficult-to-pass winter roads.

Outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Leisure in various recreation areas of this administrative unit, located more than 1500 km away. from Moscow, it can be anyone. Outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug also includes organized tours to the nomadic reindeer herders (an expensive pleasure involving helicopter travel), and even independent travel to the reserves of the distant Russian province.

4 specially protected natural zones (Vaigach Island, Nizhne-Pechorsky, Shoinsky and Pustozersky reserves) can only be accessed using special transport. The reserves “More Yu”, “Big Gate Canyon”, “Stone City”, “Pym-Va-Shor” operate by prior arrangement with guides who gather groups.

As mentioned, outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be arranged on your own. The most accessible for the average tourist is the Nenets National Park. In fact, we are talking about 2 autonomous protected areas - a natural and zoological reserve. This is a characteristic section of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, located in the middle reaches of the river with the mysterious name More-Yu. The “business card” of the location is relict spruce woodland and rare inhabitants of the northern tundra. At the height of summer you can even camp here – it’s quite picturesque on the seashore. Just don’t forget about scary insects and the peculiarities of temperature fluctuations.

When thinking about outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, you should know that in summer it is more convenient to travel here by small water transport (rivers and bays are free of ice), and in winter - by car with winter tires (driving on winter roads). The Ministry of Emergency Situations does not recommend that citizens travel along the winter road in conditions of poor visibility - it is quite easy to lose its edge and drive into the wilds.

Tourism - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

As you know, tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is primarily organized tours of water (“summer”) and winter (“Arctic”) extreme sports.

Rafting expeditions begin at the end of June - when the water on the rivers has already warmed up enough to avoid catching a cold if you fall into it. Kayakers use such water “highways” as the Pechora, its 3 channels, Kuya and Gorodetskaya (the latter is convenient because it crosses the urban district itself). After all, they all pass close to Naryan-Mar and the local “road of life” - the Naryan-Mar - Shapkina River highway. The Shapkina River itself is navigable for boats and rafts, but to swim far along it means dangerously moving yourself away from civilization and putting yourself at risk of finding yourself in the middle of unexplored swamps.

“Arctic” tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is attractive for fans of snowmobiles, as well as dog and reindeer sleds. As for the last two types of transport, tour operators, together with the local population, make traveling on them a completely affordable tourism product. At different sections of the mini-winter roads, wintering huts await participants in the races (sometimes they take the form of competitions). However, between these travelers the Arctic wanderer can only rely on himself. In his backpack he should have only the most necessary things - what can save his life in an emergency situation.

Tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug may be limited for cautious people to travel only within the urban district of Naryan-Mar. However, here you can also find interesting places - see ancient architecture, climb caves, take a mushroom walk between the swampy lakes Solovyovskoye, Bezymyanoye and Molodezhnoe. In bad weather, a traveler can always take refuge here in the southern outlying villages.

Hunting and fishing - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Good fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is possible everywhere. The most attractive for fishermen are the wide mouths of large rivers and their large tributaries - Pechora (the lower reaches are 220 kilometers long, has several channels), Vizhas, Oma, Snopa, Pesha, Wolonga, Indiga, Chernaya and More-Yu. The reservoirs passing through the ridges are rapids in places. The duration of freeze-up is from 7 to 8 months. The ice has the greatest thickness of 1.2 meters. In these rivers, fans of northern travel can catch grayling, salmon, and whitefish. Of course, it won’t do without pike and perch.

Fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is associated with numerous lakes, always connected by deep eriks. The most significant of these reservoirs include Golodnaya Guba, Gorodetskoye, Varsh and Nes. Some lakes are systems. These include Vashutkinskoye, Urdyuzhskoye, Indigskoye and many others. Fishermen come here to fish for omul and salmon.

It is worth considering that fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also an access to the mouth of the Pechora - to the nearest lip of the White Sea. And here you can catch simply gigantic representatives of the ichthyofauna - whitefish, navaga, huge cod. Herring, salmon and catfish are also found.

There is no point in limiting fishing activities here - there are almost no people in the area. Tourists are also rare guests. In general, nature still dominates in this patch of the East European Plain. Only a small part of it is protected from humans. However, several fish are still listed in the local Red Book. This list includes nelma, river eel, whitefish, common sculpin, as well as all types of whales and minke whales.

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is an exciting activity that can be done all year round (it’s worth remembering who you can hunt and when, and also studying the local rules).

Commercial hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is limited to 7 hunting bases. As for hunting farms, there are also less than 10 of them in the district.

In the east of the Nenets Okrug there is a place called by scientists “an earthly paradise for birds.” Birds fly here every spring from all nearby regions. All flying wanderers are drawn to the Yabtoyakha River, familiar from adolescence (in Nenets this expression means “goose river”). Everyone who came here is still shocked by the number and diversity of waterfowl on its hospitable shores. The “king” of local birds is the wild goose, which is respected by hunters. The nearby village of Karatayka can shelter hunters for several days.

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug prohibits the hunting of several species of terrestrial mammals and birds listed in the local Red Book. These are the brown long-eared bat, Brandt's bat, flying squirrel and polar bear, as well as the great bittern, white gull, all representatives of hawks and ducks, gray shrike, peregrine falcon, falcon, hobbies, gyrfalcon and all breeds of owls and ospreys. Of the loons, only the white-billed loon is a rare animal.

Wild reindeer are allowed to be shot only from October 1 to the end of February. Other ungulates can be hunted from August 20 to the end of January. They go out on a bear only after receiving instructions from the ranger - from mid-August to the end of February. Various furs are available here from July to February (hare - from September 25 to the end of February). Production is strictly limited. Forest game is rare, but tundra game - swamp-meadow - can be shot from August to November.

The harsh northern region is beautiful and distant. These definitions fully apply to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. On this land, surrounded by pristine nature, indigenous peoples live according to the customs of their ancestors, and the rich mineral resources are developed using modern technologies. Yamal has always attracted travelers with its unique appearance. Here, the stinginess of the sun and the originality of nature, the severity of the climate and the hospitality of the local residents, the fantastic palette of autumn and the silent whiteness of winter are combined in the most amazing way. Scientists love Yamal for its cultural richness and unique nature. Therefore, be sure to come to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (capital Salekhard) to enjoy the cleanest air and see more closely the beauty of remote corners of our big country.

Geography

Russia is beautiful and rich: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the black pearl of the northern part of our country. And it occupies neither more nor less - 770 thousand square kilometers of the West Siberian Plain. The district includes: Gydansky and, of course, the Yamal Peninsula. Most of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle. From the north, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is washed by the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug from the south, its eastern neighbors are the Taimyr and Evenki Autonomous Okrug, and from the west it borders on the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic. The relief of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be divided into flat and mountainous. All three peninsulas are dotted with small rivers, hollows, ravines and swamps. The mountain range stretches for two hundred kilometers in a narrow strip along the Polar Urals. The climate of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is sharply continental, harsh, and is divided into three zones: the northern zone of the West Siberian Lowland, subarctic and arctic. The population is approximately 500 thousand people with a density of less than one person per square kilometer.

Flora

The vegetation cover in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has a pronounced latitudinal zonation. Five landscape zones can be distinguished: northern taiga, forest-tundra, shrub, moss-lichen and arctic tundra. In the northernmost, arctic zone, vegetation is very sparse. Here you can only find mosses, lichens and sedges. Small bushes and herbs are already growing in the moss-lichen tundra. In the next zone (shrub tundra) dwarf birches and willows grow, and berries and mushrooms grow along the rivers. There are many swamps and small rivers in the forest-tundra. Dwarf birches, larches, and small spruce trees grow here. In the southernmost zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - the taiga, there are many lakes, swamps, and rivers. The entire territory is covered with dense light and dark coniferous forests.

Fauna

If the flora of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is quite scarce, the animal world is rich and diverse. Thirty-eight species of mammals live in the district's five climate zones. Most of all there are predators and rodents here - fourteen species each. Five names of pinnipeds, three - insectivores, two - ungulates. Twenty species of fur-bearing animals are of great commercial importance.

Mineral natural resources

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (capital Salekhard) is famous for its hydrocarbon reserves. About 78% of the total reserves of Russian oil and gas are concentrated here. The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the world's largest hydrocarbon resource base. Developments for the extraction of valuable raw materials are being carried out at the Nakhodka and Urengoy gas fields, Ety-Purovskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye, Yamburgskoye oil fields. In the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, about 8% of the total production of “black” and about 80% of “blue gold” is produced annually. The mining of chromium, molybdenum, tin, iron, lead, phosphorites, barites and other minerals is carried out.

Indigenous peoples of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug

Today twenty peoples live in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. But the true indigenous inhabitants are the Khanty, Nenets, Selkup and Komi-Izhemtsy, who have lived in this territory since time immemorial. The rest settled only in the second half of the twentieth century. This is due to the development of the territories of the Far North during the era of the Soviet Union.

Khanty: this people have lived since ancient times in the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The culture, language and customs of this people are very heterogeneous. This is due to the fact that the Khanty settled over a fairly vast territory and therefore became somewhat scattered.

The Nenets inhabit a vast territory of Russia - from to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. These people migrated from southern Siberia in the first millennium AD. He belongs to the Samoyed group.

It is known that he has lived in this territory since the 1st millennium BC. This people is divided into northern and southern Komi. From time immemorial, the first people were engaged in reindeer herding, fishing and hunting. The second were hunters and fishermen.

The Selkups are the most numerous people of the North. The Selkups traditionally engaged in fishing and hunting. Those representatives of the people who lived at higher latitudes also bred deer.

Administrative center

The capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the city of Salekhard. It was located on the bank of the Ob (on the right side). The city is located on the Arctic Circle (the only one in the world). The population is about 40 thousand people. The city was founded in 1595. At first it was a small fort called Obdorsky. Half a century after its founding, permanent residents appear here. Since 1923, the village of Obdorsk has become the center of the Obdorsky district of the Ural region. And already in 1930, the village was given the status of the administrative center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Three years later, Obdorsk was renamed Salekhard. Nowadays, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the capital of the Autonomous Okrug in particular, is developing at a fairly rapid pace. There are many enterprises in the city: Yamalzoloto, a river port, a fish canning plant, Yamalflot and others. The Yamalo-Nenets District Museum and Exhibition Complex has been opened in the city, which houses an exhibition center, a local history museum and a scientific library. Also in Salekhard is the District House of Crafts, a state budgetary cultural institution of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. There are many branches of various universities in the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It should be noted that the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (capital Salekhard) is experiencing great problems with Internet access. The fact is that there is no fiber optic network in the region yet.

Cities and districts of the Yamalo-Nenets District

The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug consists of seven districts, eight cities, five and forty-one rural administrations. Districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Yamalsky, Shuryshkarsky, Tazovsky, Purovsky, Priuralsky, Nadymsky and Krasnoselkupsky. As mentioned above, the population density is very low. Despite the vast territory, there are very few cities in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Cities: Noyabrsk (97 thousand), Novy Urengoy (89.8 thousand), Nadym (45.2 thousand), Muravlenko (36.4 thousand), Salekhard (32.9 thousand), Labytnangi (26, 7 thousand), Gubkinsky (21.1 thousand inhabitants). Some cities of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug will be described in more detail below.

Gubkinsky

The city of Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) became a city of district significance in 1996 and was named after the Soviet geologist. It is located on the left bank of the Pyakupur River, two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle. This city was formed as a base center for the development of oil deposits. Therefore, Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) mainly specializes in the oil and gas production and processing industries. The city does a good job of working with young people: there are sports and cultural centers, a dance school, and a recording studio. Young people have the opportunity to get an education in their hometown.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The city was founded in 1984. Received district status in 1990. Named in honor of oil engineer Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko. The city budget is mainly replenished from oil industry enterprises. Muravlenko (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) has its own radio and television companies. The following newspapers are published: “Our City”, “Kopeyka”, “The Word of the Oilman”.

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

After Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk is the second most populous city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The founding date of the city can be considered 1973, when the first oil well was drilled on the site of present-day Noyabrsk. Two years later, the first settlers arrived here, who mainly consisted of workers. Back in 1976, the village of Noyabrsk could only be found on oil workers’ maps, and already in 1982 the village was given the status of a district town. Oil and gas industry is very well developed. More than thirty companies operate in this field.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the regions of the Far North. The climate is universally subarctic, turning into arctic in the far north: the average January temperature is from −3 °C in the far north to −22 °C in the southeast, the average July temperature is from +6 °C in the north to +16 °C in the south; precipitation - about 350 mm per year; permafrost. The Nenets District is subject to systematic invasion of Atlantic and Arctic air masses. Frequent changes in air masses are the cause of constant weather variability. In winter and autumn, winds with a southern component predominate, and in summer - northern and northeastern ones, caused by the invasion of cold arctic air onto the heated continent, where atmospheric pressure is low at this time. The air temperature in summer is determined by the amount of solar radiation and therefore naturally increases from north to south. The average July temperature in Naryan-Mar is +12° C. In the cold half of the year, the main factor in the temperature regime is the transfer of heat from the Atlantic, so there is a distinct decrease in temperature from west to east. The average January temperature in Naryan-Mar is −18° C, winter lasts on average 220-240 days. The entire territory of the district is located in the zone of excess moisture. Annual precipitation ranges from 400 mm (on the coasts of the seas and on the Arctic islands) to 700 mm. The minimum precipitation is observed in February, the maximum in August - September. At least 30% of precipitation falls in the form of snow, and permafrost is present.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed July 15, 1929 Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee based on the will of the Nenets people.

The territory of the district is 176.7 thousand sq. km. Within its current borders, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic and the Mezensky district of the Arkhangelsk region; from the north, the border runs along the coast of the White, Barents and Kara seas, including adjacent islands that are not included in the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk region. The administrative center of the district is the city of Naryan-Mar.

Economy of the region

Production of gross regional product

The region's economy is single-industry in nature, and the main increase in the gross regional product is provided by oil production.

In 2013–2014, compared to 2012, a slight increase in the physical volume of the gross regional product is projected to be 4.5%, which is due to the stabilization of oil prices, the growth of the dollar, as well as a slight increase in oil production in the district associated with the projected commissioning of fields named after . R. Trebs and them. A. Titov and reaching an industrial level of production at the field of the Central Khoreyver uplift (blocks No. 1, 2, 3, 4).

Industrial production

According to the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as the territorial statistics body), in 2012 the industrial production index is an aggregated production index by type of economic activity “mining”, “manufacturing”, “electricity production and distribution”, gas and water” amounted to 89.4% of the 2011 level. The decrease in the production index is due to a decrease in oil production. Since 2013, there has been a slight increase in this indicator by 10.1%, due to the start of the implementation of investment projects related to oil production.

Mining:

In 2012, oil production amounted to 13.5 thousand tons; in 2013, there was a slight decrease compared to the previous year by 1.5%, which is due to a drop in production volumes from one of the largest companies operating in the region. In 2014 - 2016, oil production in the region will increase to 15%, thanks to the commissioning of new fields, namely, as part of trial operation, it is planned to begin oil production at the South Toraveyskoye oil field (NGK Development of Regions LLC). Also, as part of trial operation in 2014, it is planned to begin production at new fields of JSC Rusvietpetro LLC - Severo-Sikhoreyskoye, Syurkharatinskoye, Urernyrdskoye.

In 2015, it is planned to begin oil production at the field named after. A. Titova.

The natural resource potential of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a reliable basis for sustainable long-term large-scale development of the district's productive forces and is distinguished by significant reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials (oil, natural gas, gas condensate).

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the State Balance of Reserves takes into account 89 hydrocarbon fields: 77 oil fields, 6 oil and gas condensate fields, 1 gas and oil field, 4 gas condensate fields.

As of October 1, 2013, 101 licenses are in force for the right to use subsoil for the purpose of geological study, exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including 21 licenses for the purpose of geological study (SP).

In total, as of October 1, 2013, 27 subsoil users are license holders in the district, of which 3 subsoil users are license holders only for the right to geological exploration of subsoil.

The main oil producing enterprises operating in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are: Rosneft OJSC, LUKOIL-Komi LLC, Polar Lights Company LLC, Total Exploration Development Russia JSC, Naryanmarneftegaz LLC.

Manufacturing:

Four enterprises are engaged in industrial processing of agricultural products in the district. The processing of venison and cattle meat is carried out by OJSC "Myasoprodukty", milk - by OJSC "Vita", OJSC "Nenets Agro-Industrial Company", fish - by LLC "Argus".

The main goal of OJSC “Myasoproducts” is to ensure primary processing of raw materials produced by agricultural producers of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the production of sausages and semi-finished meat products to provide them to the population of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The company employs over 180 people.

The financial and economic condition of the enterprise is characterized as stable.

The enterprise is actively working to expand the range and improve the quality of its products, the sales volume of which is increasing from year to year. Despite the fact that commercial organizations and entrepreneurs import meat products from other producers into the district, OJSC “Myasoproducts” does not experience significant difficulties in selling its products due to their high quality and biological value. The recognition of the products of OJSC “Myasoprodukty” is evidenced by the numerous awards received by the company at interregional and all-Russian competitions.

The existing facilities of OJSC "Myasoprodukty" can process meat and venison up to 700 tons in slaughter weight. Based on the regional reindeer population growing from year to year, and the forecast for the development of reindeer husbandry until 2020, in the future it is planned to expand, technically re-equip and modernize the enterprise.

Processing of dairy products is carried out both by agricultural producers themselves and by OJSC Nenets Agro-Industrial Company and OJSC Vita. The range of products includes more than 20 items.

Argus LLC processes and sells fish in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The assortment of Argus LLC includes 39 types.

To develop and achieve positive results in the fishing industry, the authorities have taken measures to include in the list of priority projects of the North-Western Federal District the investment project “Construction of a fish hatchery for the reproduction and replenishment of whitefish species in the Nenets Autonomous District. The implementation of this project will make it possible to build a new modern fish processing complex, provide the district with high-quality and wide range of fish products, and create about 100 new jobs. As a result of the construction of fish receiving stations and a fishmeal production plant, the amount of fish produced will increase, and up to 160 people will be employed in fishing in rural settlements.

Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water:

The main enterprises generating electricity for the needs of the region are: State Unitary Enterprise NAO Naryan-Mar Power Plant, municipal enterprise of the Polar Region Severzhilkomservice, power plants of agricultural producers; enterprises generating thermal energy are: Naryan-Mar municipal unitary enterprise of integrated boiler houses and heating networks, search municipal unitary enterprise "Poszhilkomservice", enterprise of the Zapolyarny region "Severzhilkomservice".

Oil producing enterprises generate electrical and thermal energy for their own needs.

In 2012, the population consumed 40.4 million kW of electricity. h, which is 1.0% lower than in 2011, by other consumers 68.6 million kWh, which is 0.6% higher than in 2011. In 2013-2014, there was an increase in consumption by an average of 3.0%.

Construction

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the long-term target program of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug “Housing” for 2011-2022 is being implemented,” within the framework of which the following indicators will be achieved:

The resettlement of 1.5 thousand families was ensured and 116.1 thousand square meters were demolished. meters of housing unsuitable for living, including at the first stage: 752 families (2022 people) were resettled and 69.5 thousand square meters were demolished. meters, at the second stage: 762 families (2051 people) were resettled and 46.6 thousand square meters were demolished. meters;

The total area of ​​residential premises built (acquired) within the framework of the subprogram “Resettlement of citizens of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug from housing stock recognized as unsuitable for living and/or with a high level of wear and tear” is 83.0 thousand square meters;

The number of families who have improved their housing conditions within the framework of the subprogram “Construction (purchase) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social tenancy agreements and rental agreements with specialized residential premises” is 3.57 thousand families;

The increase in the total area of ​​residential premises is 185 thousand square meters or 118.7% of the total area of ​​housing at the beginning of the implementation of the subprogram “Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social tenancy agreements and rental agreements with specialized residential premises”;

The level of provision with total housing area per person is 27 square meters or 118% of the indicator at the beginning of the subprogram “Construction (purchase) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social tenancy agreements and rental agreements with specialized residential premises.”

International trade

Exports of goods in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 2.0% and amounted to 4.8 billion US dollars, by 2016 it will increase to 5.4 billion US dollars. At the same time, almost all exports are carried out to non-CIS countries. The growth in exports is directly related to the expansion of oil production in the district. The basis of exports from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is crude oil, the rest is fish. The overwhelming majority of imports is made up of machinery and equipment purchased by oil producing companies for the development of fields.

Consumer market

Retail trade turnover in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 4.3% and amounted to 6,727.7 million rubles; in 2014-2016, this figure will increase annually in comparable prices by 4-5 percent. This is due to the growth of household incomes and the increase in the range and quality of goods offered by trading organizations. The volume of public catering turnover in 2013-2016 is expected to be at the level of 2012.

The structure of paid services to the population is dominated by utilities and passenger transport services, however, during the forecast period, the share of housing and utility services is increasing. The volume of paid services provided by cultural and physical culture and sports institutions has increased significantly, which is associated with the commissioning of new facilities, in particular, a new ice palace has been built, and a new cultural and leisure center is being used at full capacity.

ODS in the region

The regulatory impact assessment in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug officially began on January 1, 2014. At the end of 2013, an RIA was carried out on two draft regulatory legal acts in order to identify difficulties associated with the implementation of the procedure for conducting RIA. All documents are posted on the official portal of the authorized body at http://dfei.adm-nao.ru/orv.

In accordance with the Federal Law of July 2, 2013 No. 176-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation” and Articles 7 and 46 of the Federal Law “On General Principles of Organization local self-government in the Russian Federation" on the issues of assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts and the examination of regulatory legal acts" by the law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated 07.10.2013 No. 98-oz "On amendments to the law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug" On regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug » Article 23.1 was introduced, establishing, from January 1, 2014, the procedure and procedures for interaction between executive authorities of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the preparation of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug as part of the assessment of the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as RIA) and examination regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as the examination of legal acts).

By Decree of the Administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated October 30, 2013 No. 382-p “On the implementation of procedures for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the examination of regulatory legal acts of the current regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug”, the Economic Development Department of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug was determined to be the executive body of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug district authorized to implement the RIA procedure (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body) and the Regulations were approvedon the procedure for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the examination of existing regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The RIA is carried out in order to identify provisions that introduce excessive obligations, prohibitions and restrictions for business and investment entities or contribute to their introduction, as well as provisions that contribute to the emergence of unreasonable expenses of business and investment entities and the district budget of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

RIA is a set of procedures that allows the developer of regulatory decisions in the process of preparing draft regulatory legal acts to consider the widest possible range of possible regulatory measures, assess the costs and benefits of both the recipients of regulation (entrepreneurs, investors, citizens) and budgets of all levels, eliminate administrative barriers, propose the most effective solution, as well as evaluate its possible consequences.

As part of the implementation of the RIA procedure, the authorized body carries out:

control over the implementation of the procedure for conducting the RIA procedure by the bodies that developed the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

regulatory, legal, information and methodological support for the RIA procedure;

quality control of the execution of procedures and preparation of opinions on RIA by the bodies that developed the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including quality control of public consultations;

assessing the actual impact of existing government regulation;

involving the business community in discussions of draft regulatory legal acts as part of the RIA;

conclusion of Agreements on interaction during the conduct of RIA between the authorized body and regional associations of entrepreneurs;

preparation of periodic information on the development and results of the RIA procedure in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

placement on the official website of the Economic Development Department of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the “Regulatory Impact Assessment” page of information about the conduct of RIA.