Which plane leaves a white trail? Chemtrails - mysterious streaks in the sky

A large number of various magazines that are engaged in the selection and analysis of information relating to the achievements and problems of aviation, often focus the attention of readers on the material aspects of the operation and structure of modernized devices, such as airplanes, rockets, helicopters and other aircraft. Often all phenomena that occur with the internal and external structure of the vehicle during the flight are also analyzed. Usually a contrail reflects this. Many people watch beautiful airplanes that leave a smooth runway in their flight.

The concept of this phenomenon

The contrail forms at the tropopause. Its appearance is influenced by water vapor, which undergoes increased condensation. They are present in combustion products, since hydrocarbon fuel is evenly consumed during combustion. After exiting and cooling sufficiently, a bright contrail from an airplane or other aircraft in the air becomes noticeable.

There are special air shows that are advisable to be held only in sunny weather. These events are organized at airfields that have the status of the largest in the world. At this time, a large number of spectators enthusiastically watch the movement of many aircraft performing interesting maneuvers in the air. The main distinguishing feature of such events is the leaving of a bright trail from each vehicle. They often make sure that each aircraft has its own plume color, which helps to achieve the most vivid and memorable effect.

Unlike airplanes, missiles constantly leave behind massive, even often menacing trails that look not only large-scale, but also have a rich color. They are produced from aircraft with combat purposes. This procedure can be observed not only when going to special events, but also while being on the street or turning on the TV on the channel of interest. This is how you can see the contrail.

Wing tip vortex

It should be remembered that an airplane in flight leaves behind a limited and fairly wide area of ​​the atmosphere, which becomes disturbed and its composition changes for a long time. This phenomenon is often called a tangled trail. Usually it appears under the influence because during work they constantly interact with the environment. The tip vortices of the aircraft wings also take part in this process.

If we compare the significantly negative impact on the environment, then it is the tip vortices of the wings that take precedence. There are many symbols for tangled tracks, but most often they are drawn on special diagrams in the likeness of a sheet with unusual edges, the ends of which are completely twisted, that is, they can be compared to vortices.

The twisting process: scientific reasoning

The process of twisting can be easily explained scientifically. A clear difference in pressure appears between both sides of the aircraft's wings, that is, on their upper and lower surfaces. The air is gradually redistributed from the lower surface, since it has the highest pressure, to the upper surface in order to remain in the area with the lowest pressure.

This redistribution occurs through the end of each wing, causing the formation of powerful and very noticeable vortices. The strength of the pressure drop is important, since it depends on it. It is this value that has a strong influence on the wing. The stronger this effect, the more powerful and prominent the vortices are formed.

Various aircraft brands that provide a wing tip vortex

The speed of air flows sometimes changes, but it can be roughly determined that if the diameter of the wake vortex is about 8-15 m, we should talk about a value of 150 km/h. The tip vortex can be formed in various ways. This process depends on the make and configuration of the aircraft. The powerful Mirage 2000 and F-16C fighters are worth considering if they move into a high-angle-of-attack flight position.

The process of emergence of a tip vortex

The tip vortex is visualized thanks to a special tracer-generator, which is responsible for the proper representation of the smoke trail. The action of this element is due to a change in the state of the atmosphere, which continues for quite a long time. Then the peripheral speed of movement gradually subsides, that is, the visual object is lost and disappears.

Under the influence of time, the peripheral speed of the vortex fades, causing the visual image to change shape until it completely dissolves. The perceived intensity of the vortex can last up to about two minutes after the aircraft has passed a particular location. Such a vortex has the ability to significantly influence the flight mode of an aircraft that has entered an area of ​​the atmosphere disturbed by the action of the engine of the previous vehicle.

Long-term observation of the tip vortex

When the vortices interact with each other, they slowly descend and disperse, that is, the perceptible change in the atmosphere disappears. An airplane's contrail is an excellent object to observe its transformations. After about 30 - 40 seconds, it begins to change its shape, as it is strongly influenced by the vortex, which gradually develops. When both the inversion and vortex layers intersect, bizarre shapes are created that can be calculated in advance, since various patterns influence the process of their formation.

The number of stripes and the height of the contrail are controlled by the number and location of engines in the system. At the same time, the contrail not only floats in the air, but also constantly changes, creating interesting contours. Most often, twisting of this layer is observed under the influence of the tip vortex. All layer transformations reflect various aerodynamic processes that always occur during flight.

Separated vortex flows

Sometimes pilots are forced to perform various attacks that are carried out at a high angle of inclination of more than 20 degrees. In this case, the nature of the flow around the contours of the aircraft changes significantly for a while. Tear-off areas begin to appear, which are predominantly fixed near the upper surface of the wing and fuselage. The pressure in them decreases greatly, so the concentration and increase of atmospheric moisture immediately begins. Thanks to this aspect, it is possible to observe the flight of an aircraft without the use of tracers.

Conditions for the appearance of the separation-vortex effect

If the angle of attack is too high, a significant halo of cloud will form around the aircraft. When an airplane flies by, this cloud automatically turns into a vortex contrail from the airplane. Usually, separation areas form near the wings of bombers, which is why the appearance of a vortex rope is clearly observed. This is what a contrail looks like, photos of which are always fascinating.

Hot trails of missiles

Sometimes you have to deal with cases where there is a stalled flow in the area of ​​the gas-air path located in the rocket power plant. The gas stream emanating from the aircraft is high in temperature, so it sometimes enters the air intake of the carrier aircraft, which happens when the device is set to certain modes.

Becomes too uneven in temperature as it is exposed to elevated temperature gases causing the air entering the engine to become altered. An engine surging occurs, that is, stall flow occurs in the system. To identify this process, the main combustion chambers are observed, since the air flow undergoes longitudinal vibrations as it passes through the engine path, and is then marked by the emission of flame from these elements. This is how a contrail from a rocket appears.

Features of contrails during testing

Missile launches are often carried out in the concept of testing. An exception is on-board equipment that serves the purpose of recording and storing information. Often a photographic aircraft is released along with the carrier, and the filming process is carried out, which allows the entire phenomenon to be recorded on camera. You can often find such a contrail from a Buk missile.

Often carried out at relatively low speeds to better capture the entire process. In this case, engine surging often occurs, since hot gases stream into the rocket engine, which disables its air intake. A burst of flame is immediately noted, which is typical when a surge occurs. This is how the FSX contrail is expressed.

Due to this incident, the engine stops. These features, after research, helped to create a number of different systems, the tasks of which include timely diagnosis of surge, taking measures to eliminate it, as well as transferring the engine to an optimal operating mode and constantly maintaining its optimal condition. In this case, missile weapons expand the scope of application, and at each engine operating mode, these aircraft are able to show the most stable state.

in the air

The MiG-29 aircraft was tested, which involved refueling. During one of the flights, a release of fuel liquid into the atmosphere was recorded, which was preceded by depressurization of the fuel pipeline. With the help of an airplane photographer, this unusual situation was recorded. In this case, a certain part of the fuel entered the engine, which almost instantly led to its shutdown due to surging.

In addition to the emission of flame, which always happens when the engine surges, the fuel that flowed through the air channel ignited. After this, the flame engulfed all the fuel and spread beyond the internal structure, but was almost instantly carried away by the oncoming air flow. Because of this situation, an unusual phenomenon appeared, which was called a fireball. This contrail "Buk" is also capable of transmitting.

Bright trace of afterburner

Modern fighter aircraft have an engine that is equipped with adjustable nozzles, classified as supersonic. When the afterburner mode is activated, the pressure at the nozzle exit is significantly higher than that of the surrounding air masses. If you analyze the space at a considerable distance from the nozzle, the pressure gradually equalizes. This aspect, when the aircraft is moving, leads to increased gas production, which leads to the formation of a bright contrail from the aircraft, which appears when the aircraft moves.

As children, we often loved to watch airplanes fly; it was especially interesting to see the white road from the airliner in the blue sky. Then we didn’t think about what the trail of an airplane in the sky is called, or why it leaves a road behind it. At school we studied physical phenomena that simply explained this “phenomenon,” but now it’s worth remembering them so that you can clearly explain at least to your child why the plane leaves a mark in the sky.

Airplane trail in the sky

Young children are unlikely to know the term condensation, although at a very early age we explain to them why it rains. Condensation can be explained using examples, showing a bathroom mirror or pipes; you can also see how car windows fog up in winter.

This happens because the hot steam turns into a liquid state and settles in the form of condensate. In general, in order for it to form, three things are needed:

• wet air;
• temperature difference;
• Islands of condensation, for example, dust particles in the air, they are everywhere.

In the bathroom, after a hot shower, moist hot air comes into contact with a cold mirror, the steam turns into liquid (water) and settles on it, condensation is obtained.

Morning dew on tulips

Let's conduct an experiment

You can make condensation yourself and quickly see how this phenomenon occurs. Pour water into any container, such as a plastic bottle, and place it in the freezer for 10-20 minutes. After that, take it out and see how the container becomes covered with drops of water - this is condensation. Warm air vapor present in the room comes into contact with the container and turns into liquid, which flows down in drops.

In nature, we often see drops of dew on the grass. Now we can explain to the child where it came from. The air cools at night, along with water vapor, which, in contact with warm objects located on the Earth (for example, grass), turns into water.

How a plane's wake is formed

Now let's see what happens when the plane flies at high altitude. Previously, when they said that an airplane leaves a white trail, they called it condensation by analogy with a physical phenomenon. The air temperature in the atmosphere decreases with altitude; for every kilometer of altitude, it is 6 degrees lower.

Where planes fly, temperatures can be as low as -40 degrees Celsius. Hot jets of gases and steam fly out of the engine of a working airliner, which condenses around particles of smoke from incompletely burned fuel. Something forms in the form of a long cloud, which will subsequently “dissolve.” Sometimes it is called not a condensation trail, but an airplane contrail. But Wikipedia notes that this is an outdated name. And it is better to use a term that is associated with a physical phenomenon and therefore becomes “speaking”.

How airplane tracks affect the planet's climate

The air in the atmosphere can be too humid, but the moisture cannot condense due to the absence of condensation nuclei, such as dust particles. An airplane, flying high, leaves behind such condensation nuclei, particles of incomplete combustion of fuel. The brighter the plane's trail is visible, the higher the air humidity and you should expect rain. If the trail is weak and disappears quickly, then the weather will most likely be clear.

Aircraft contrails in the sky as seen from satellite

Scientists believe that airplane tracks can influence the planet's climate. Over those areas where planes often fly, the entire sky is covered with white marks. So, scientists have different opinions about their impact on the climate. Some believe that the resulting clouds prevent the cooling of the atmosphere and thereby cause climate warming. Others see this phenomenon as a positive because aircraft wakes increase the reflectivity of the atmosphere, protecting all life on earth from too much exposure to ultraviolet rays.

10 years ago in 1999 I came up with a new term " chemtrails", which was a literal translation of a similar foreign concept "chemtrail". At the same time, the first article in Russia devoted to this strange phenomenon was written. Since then, the topic of chemtrails has become incredibly popular in our country, but has still not received a clear explanation. Today I I present to you an article that opened up the topic of chemtrails to Russian researchers of the unknown 10 years ago...

Chemtrails- a new phenomenon that is observed all over the world. It appears that the government is deliberately using airplanes to spray an aerosol substance that can make people tired and depressed. But why?

Conventional exhaust trails left by airplanes dissipate quickly, are not long enough, and are dependent on engine operating conditions. Chemtrails usually expand continuously, gradually turning into stratus clouds consisting of many rings.

It should be added that after observing strange traces, chronic diseases worsened in people. Many witnesses noted a cobweb-like substance falling from the sky. Laboratory analysis of the samples that were obtained showed the presence of biological agents such as: Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Streptomyces and a rare enzyme used to create viruses. A virus specialist with 20 years of research experience has discovered a rare influenza V2 virus that is usually only found in the laboratory.

Over the past months, researchers in the United States and Canada have been able to collect an impressive collection of photographs and eyewitness reports describing strange phenomena occurring in the skies above their heads. We gave independent researchers a close look at various photographs of the phenomenon known as chemtrails. Most people who have seen the photographs and read the reports have had great difficulty relating these phenomena to the normal emissions from airplanes that fly commercially every day.

Many of those interviewed described feeling uneasy when they saw these photographs and reports. Those of us who gave in to our sense of natural human curiosity, found the strength to turn off the television, go outside and look at the sky, were rewarded with direct observation of these phenomena. This unique experience of observing the phenomenon allowed many researchers to make the stunning conclusion that some kind of grandiose national project (of the US government) was unfolding above our heads, without clear boundaries. At present, neither the goals nor the implementers of this project are fully known. Only two facts are crystal clear - this is not an ordinary man-made activity; this phenomenon occurs every day, covering the entire US territory.

Airplane exhaust is not a chemtrail.

Chemtrails are not the typical airplane engine exhaust that we see every day. There are very definite differences in the nature of the formation, development and behavior of these phenomena, which make it possible to draw a clear boundary between them.

Normal airplane exhaust consists of tiny ice crystals that form at altitudes above 31,000 feet (10.5 km). At lower altitudes they simply cannot form, regardless of the type and speed of the aircraft. At altitudes above 31,000 feet, the exhaust appears as thin, pointed lines (if the observer is looking vertically upward, perpendicular to the aircraft's attitude). They usually evaporate within a minute and very rarely extend far enough behind the aircraft.

In contrast, chemtrails created by aircraft have been observed at altitudes ranging from 8,000 to 33,000 feet. They typically form at altitudes below 30,000 feet. Normal exhaust cannot form at this altitude. Therefore, the observation of exhaust below 30,000 feet is highly likely to be a chemtrail.

They usually appear as large smoke trails that tend to become wider and denser over time. They do not evaporate and do not lose density. Parallel chemtrails can merge into large cirrus clouds within a few hours. Very often, chemtrails resemble the shape of a fish ridge, consisting of many rounded joints. After the appearance of the chemtrail, the blue sky seems to be dotted with a spider's web. Then it may become cloudy and even gray.

Chemtrails lead to diseases

There have been repeated cases of illness in people whose areas of residence have seen the appearance of chemtrails. George Filer, editor of a popular weekly online newspaper, provides the following statistics on the increase in cases of a strange disease similar in symptoms to the flu. An outbreak was observed in north Texas during the third and fourth weeks of December 1999. Plano - 98%, Lewisville - 81%, Lakewood - 76%, Dallas - 30%.

The Contrail Research and Reporting Center reported that there were unusually high numbers of chemtrail sightings in north Texas during ten days in December 1999. George believes that there is a direct connection between these two events, despite the fact that doctors comment on the outbreak differently (George Filer, Filer's Files # 1, 2000).

Canadian researcher William Thomas and journalist Erminia Cassini reported that during April 1999, a military transport aircraft dropped chemtrails over Canada and the United States several times. Cassini was able to collect samples of a brown, jelly-like substance that settled on the ground after the plane took off.

Following this, a series of strange events occurred. Cassini soon fell ill with the flu. The biologist who analyzed the substance was hospitalized with symptoms of upper respiratory tract damage. The woman whose home was exposed to the jelly-like substance also suffered from the flu, and a month later she had a heart attack. As a result of the analyses, various biological substances that were extremely dangerous to human health were discovered. (William Thomas, Erminia Cassani, Sky Samples Analyzed).

Anomalous zones and chemtrails

Researcher Tom Dongo from Sedona (Arizona, USA) adheres to an alternative hypothesis for the use of chemtrails. Tom is researching portals and an anomalous zone located 20 miles from Sedona. According to the hypothesis of Tom and other studies of the Sedona anomaly, portals may be passages to other dimensions. Tom's book "Intersecting Dimensions" is devoted to this fascinating problem.

Dongo believes that the nature of the chemtrails should be sought in a different direction:

"...We know very little about this third portal. We don't know how strong it is or how weak it is. Such anomalies very often disappeared if enough people focused their attention on them. This has happened more than once in the past. Sometimes it may appear that such anomalies are being deliberately turned off. We want to gather as much information as possible and study as much as possible while the third portal is still active. I was able to talk to several researchers from other places who told me that the US government The locations of all major portals in our country are precisely known. The government buys up the land on which the portals are located, isolates these areas, and if this is not possible, simply destroys the portals. There are several weighty arguments supporting such statements.

Several months before this book was published, on May 22, 1995, the area near the portal we were studying was pollinated with some kind of chemical that gave off a strong odor. This operation was carried out in the dead of night and was carried out from a helicopter or glider. Since 1993, such “pollinations” have been carried out throughout the country and have not been commented on in any way. According to a private statement from one of the police officials in the state of Montana, similar actions were repeatedly carried out in other US states.

One case, which took place in a western state, was analyzed by a doctor at a heart center in Idaho (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho). The substance was collected from foliage that fell into the pollination zone. When the unusual substance was analyzed in the laboratory, it was found that it contains an unknown biological component (agent). The original composition of the substance seemed to have been genetically altered. In the case of Sedona, the collected samples have not yet been analyzed. (June 10, 1995: to a doctor in Prescott, Arizona, city , located 30 miles from Sedona) 16 patients came to complain that their homes and ranches had been aerially pollinated by some kind of chemical reagent with a strong unpleasant odor).The destruction of the portals does not affect the activity of the anomalous zones. It even intensifies... " (Tom Dongo, Merging Dimensions. The Opening Portals of Sedona).

War games in the sky

American researcher Mike Blair is more categorical in his conclusions regarding the nature and purpose of chemtrails. In an official report dated June 11, 2001, posted on the Internet, he clearly identifies the main culprits of this phenomenon and the reasons for its occurrence. The basis of chemtrails is barium salts. The spraying of this chemical is part of the military's Advanced Radar MP (RFMP) testing program. Based on the effect of reflection of radio waves, it allows you to observe objects in three dimensions. To obtain a three-dimensional image, satellites in earth orbit and a network of powerful computers that process and combine incoming signals are also used. For these purposes, a special computer program (VTPRE) was developed.

Initially, the 3D radar tracking system could only monitor objects on the water. Experiments with objects on the surface of the earth were not successful, since special atmospheric conditions were required to allow the signal to be conducted in a special way (in military slang - “ducting”).

The problem was solved after an aerosol mixture of barium salts began to be sprayed over US territory. Thus, the atmosphere became suitable for carrying high-frequency signals - “pipes”. A physics researcher from Brookhaven explained this effect this way: the chemical and electrical properties of the mixture prevent moisture from dissipating in the atmosphere, concentrating it around an aerosol cloud. This atmospheric condition is favorable for the transmission of military RFMP/VTPRE signals.

"By spraying the barium mixture in a linear pattern from point A to point B, this will best maintain communication between strategic points, despite the curvature of the earth." - He added. “It also provides better control over enemy high-frequency signals.”

However, this is not the only use of chemtrails.

Another project is also based on the use of barium salts and is intended to control the weather. This project is supervised by the US Air Force. It is based on patterns first discovered by scientist Nikola Tesla. This project is also known as HAARP, which is based on the manipulation of natural processes. Little is known about this project, despite the fact that work on it began already in the mid-50s. According to some independent researchers, successful tests of climate control units under the HAARP project were carried out in 1998.

It is clear that the ability to control the weather - heavy rains, hurricanes, gusty winds, dust storms, droughts - can bring any enemy to their knees without firing a shot.

Another project associated with the emergence of chemtrails, funded by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), is aimed at detecting and suppressing a possible enemy biological attack.

This program also uses a mixture of barium salts as an aerosol base along with special polymer fibers. This special combination allows the detection of biological agents. In order to test the effectiveness of the program, some biological agents are sprayed into the atmosphere.

Researchers believe that a mixture of barium salts, polymer fibers and other chemicals in the atmosphere may be the cause of sudden and unexplained nosebleeds, asthma, various allergies, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract diseases and arthritis. Chemicals sprayed into the atmosphere cause air and soil conditions that can be hazardous to human health, while simultaneously stimulating the growth of disease-causing bacteria.

Barium salts are very well absorbed into the intestinal tract and muscle tissue. However, there are no clinical data that would describe long-term effects on the human body of small doses of barium salts. “The program is kept secret because the Environmental Protection Committee does not need to know about its side effects on the human body,” said one researcher. “Negative factors are the main reason for secrecy.”

For information: BARIUM

Used in vacuum technology, in alloys (printing, bearing). Barium salts - in the production of paints, glasses, enamels, medicine. All soluble barium salts are toxic. Insoluble barium sulfate used in radiology is practically non-toxic. The lethal dose of barium chloride when taken orally is 0.8-0.9 g, barium carbonate is 2-4 g.

Symptoms: when poisonous barium salts are ingested, a burning sensation in the mouth, pain in the stomach, salivation, nausea, vomiting, loose stools, and dizziness occur. The skin is pale, covered with cold sweat, after 2-3 hours severe muscle weakness occurs (flaccid paralysis of the muscles of the upper limbs and neck). The pulse is slow, weak, there are heart rhythm disturbances, and a drop in blood pressure. Shortness of breath, cyanosis of the mucous membranes.

Treatment: gastric lavage, laxatives, siphon enemas. Symptomatic therapy. (Collection-reference book "Home Doctor", JSC "Paritet", 1997).

Did the aircraft mechanic discover the truth?

I searched through many articles, mailing lists, forums and news groups on the Internet in search of answers to questions that I could not get. In most cases, people simply discussed what chemtrails could be, putting forward well-known hypotheses. I met some researchers who claimed to have comprehensive information. As a result of communicating with them, a copy of a letter was sent to my e-mail, which can answer the question “HOW this is done.” Below I present the full text of the letter, without literary corrections or abbreviations. I tried to make the translation as accurate as possible, although some technical terms confused me:

"For reasons that you will understand as you read, I cannot give my name. I work as a civil airline mechanic at a maintenance station at a large airport.

First of all, I want to talk about a certain “hierarchy” among aircraft mechanics. This is very important to my story, and you will soon understand why. Aircraft mechanics work in three main areas. Aviation electronics, engines and flight control systems. Aircraft mechanics working on these systems are at the top of the hierarchy. They are followed by mechanics who service air conditioning and hydraulic systems. And finally, the mechanics who service other minor systems. At the very bottom of the hierarchical list are the personnel responsible for the waste disposal system. No one wants to work on the pipes, pumps and tanks of an airliner's lavatory service system.

However, at every airport where I have worked, there are 2-3 volunteer mechanics responsible for the toilet and auxiliary machinery system. The rest of the mechanics are happy to let them do it. Usually there are no more than 2 or 3 mechanics willing to do such work. Usually these guys don't get much attention and the rest of the technical staff don't try to establish friendly relations with them. To be honest, I didn’t really think about this problem until last month either.

Typically, most airlines have contracts with other airlines visiting the airport. If they have problems with the plane, one of our mechanics will service it. On the other hand, if our aircraft needs assistance at an airport with which we have an agreement, local mechanics will assist us.

Last month, I was unexpectedly called from our technical center to service an aircraft for another airline. The dispatcher who transmitted the request to me did not know what kind of malfunction arose on board the aircraft. When I arrived on site, it turned out that the breakdown had occurred in the waste disposal system. I had no choice but to take on this work. When I entered the technical compartment, I immediately realized that something was wrong here. There were more pumps, tanks and pipes than there should have been. At first I thought the system had been modified. By that time, I had already worked as a mechanic for ten years. While trying to troubleshoot, I quickly discovered additional piping and tanks that were not included in the waste disposal system. At that moment, when I tried to understand their purpose, another mechanic from our center appeared. He was one of those guys who are responsible for such systems. I was relieved to let him deal with the problem. As I was leaving, I asked him about additional equipment. He joked: “Don’t worry about my end of the plane, let it worry about itself!”

The next day I had to tinker with the computer in our technical center, looking for the necessary electrical circuit. I tried to find the equipment that I had seen the previous day. To my surprise, the drawings did not indicate the devices that I saw with my own eyes. Having rummaged through the archive files, I also could not find anything. Now I was just curious to find out what this equipment was intended for.

The following week, three aircraft were brought into our hangar for a routine check. During the entire inspection, maintenance personnel are present around the aircraft. After finishing my shift I decided to take a look at the waste disposal system. I was sure that no one would notice that there was an extra mechanic on board. My search was successful - additional equipment was installed on the plane!

I began to study the system of pipes, sediments and containers. I found what could be the control unit for this entire system. It was a standard aircraft cabinet, which usually houses instruments and control systems, but there were no markings or inscriptions on it. I was able to easily locate the control wires running from the cabinet to the pumps, but I was unable to locate the control circuits that would go into the mysterious device. The only wires going into the box were the contacts for the aircraft's onboard power system.

The entire system consisted of one large and two small tanks. By eye one could determine that their large tank capacity was 50 gallons. The tanks were connected to fill and release valves that went under the fuselage behind the waste disposal system drain valve. During an external inspection, it was not without difficulty that I discovered hidden hatches for access to these valves next to the waste drainage panels.

I tried to trace the pipeline leading from the pumps. This hose was connected to a network of smaller tubes ending at the rear surface of the wing and horizontal stabilizers. If you look at the wings of a large airplane up close, you will notice a lot of finger-sized wires. These are static charge drains. They are designed to dissipate static electricity that forms on the surface of the fuselage and wings during flight. Every third wire was a tube of a mysterious system. The static discharge drains were deliberately removed and strange tubes were installed in their place.

At that moment, one of the engineers on the wing noticed me. He ordered me out of the hangar, noting that my shift was over and I was not authorized to work overtime. For the next two days I was too busy to continue my research. A couple of days after my freelance research, I was called to one of the aircraft to replace the temperature sensor. I completed this job in two hours and returned to work with documents.

About half an hour later I was called into the office of the head of the technical service. When I showed up at the office, in addition to the boss, two of our employees from the control department and two more people whom I did not know were waiting for me. He told me that serious problems had been discovered. He offered to fill out a fault form for me. He handed me an official form stating that I had installed a defective sensor and asked me to sign it. I tried to object. I explained to them that some mistake had occurred and I had done my job to the fullest. Then two employees from the control department suggested that I go to the plane and together inspect the faulty unit. At this point I wondered who these two strangers were? The head of the technical service replied that they were representatives of the airline security service, but he did not intend to tell me their names.

We approached the plane, which should have already been in the air, but was still parked. Having opened the technical compartment, one of the employees removed the sensor. He checked the registration number and showed each of us that it was an old sensor. Then we headed to the warehouse. My progress report was checked again. A sealed instrument storage box was removed from the shelf, from which a temperature sensor with a serial number was removed, which I installed. I can't figure out who could have made the change. I was informed that I was fired without any monetary compensation or benefits and had to submit my work within a week.

I spent the next day at home wondering what had happened and what hell I had gotten myself into. In the evening the phone rang. An unfamiliar voice said: “Now you know what happens to mechanics who stick their noses into things that don’t belong to them. Next time you start working on systems outside of your expertise, you will lose your job. I guess for the first time of this That's enough. I think you'll be able to get back to work very soon..." BANG! Short beeps were heard on the phone.

There was a strange connection between my dismissal and the mysterious pipeline on board the plane. The next morning the director called me. He stated that thanks to my excellent report on the technical condition of the aircraft, it was possible to complete the repairs a day earlier, and that I could begin work immediately. I was completely confused and thought only about one thing, who or what is the director trying to cover up and who are these people?

The next day passed as if nothing had happened. No one mentioned the previous incident or the “damaged” sensor. At night I tried to find answers to the questions that were tormenting me on the Internet. By chance I came across materials about chemtrails. All the ambiguities came together to form a clear picture of reality. The next morning at work, I found a note in my locked closet. It read: “Curiosity killed the cat. You should not visit sites on the Internet that are not within the scope of your professional duties.”

THEY are watching me.

Now you also know how they work. I don't know what exactly THEY spray, but I can tell you how they do it. I believe THEY use "honey trucks". This is what we call special tank trucks designed for waste removal. Usually airports enter into contracts with them; no one has the desire to come close to the “honey carriers”. Who wants to stand next to a truck full of crap? While the waste tanks are emptied, they fill the spray system. THEY know the aircraft's routes and apparently can program the sprayer control unit to automatically turn on the system after reaching a certain altitude. The spray tubes in fake static drains are so small that they are simply undetectable. It is not surprising that they have not yet been discovered."

conclusions

1. Chemtrails exist. They are observed in the USA and Canada. After I showed the draft of the article to my friends, they reported that they had also observed similar phenomena, therefore, chemtrails exist in Russia.
2. Chemical trails are harmful to human health.
3. Research shows that chemtrails contain barium salts and active biological components.
4. Chemtrails could be used by the military to create an advanced 3D radar surveillance system.
5. Chemtrails could be used by the military to control the weather.
6. Chemtrails can be used by the military to prevent the consequences of possible biological warfare.
7. Chemtrails can be used by the military to suppress portals and anomalous zones.
8. The Committee for Environmental Protection is not aware of such tests and does not have the results of analyzes of chemtrails.

There is a problem. Despite numerous opinions from researchers that seem convincing and well-founded, we cannot be completely sure of what chemtrails actually are and why they are needed.

One thing is clear, we are again faced with the problem of hiding information. We know from experience that information that “works for war” or poses a “potential danger to human health” is usually hidden.

And as long as the military and the government remain silent, as long as planes leave ominous chemtrails behind them, as long as people get sick as a result of “heavenly pollinations,” we should keep a gas mask ready, and when we see a plane in blue sky, run towards the shelter. Who knows what he carries on board?...

TV channel UTV (Perm), program "Rush Hour", April 2008. RUFORS coordinator Nikolai Subbotin and head of the RUFORS rapid response team Alexey Korotovskikh shared their hypotheses about the nature of the unusual phenomenon - the chemtrail. The term, by the way, was proposed by Nikolai Subbotin in the late 90s and has now entered into ufological use. Also demonstrated for the first time is an unusual fibrous substance that researchers call "angel hair."

CHEMISTRAILS - II
RUSSIAN CERTIFICATES

After the publication of the article “Chemtrails - the mystery of the sky” in the media, several letters arrived in my email inbox in which you shared your observations of chemtrails over the territory of Russia and the CIS. The problem also exists in our country, and, as Major Thomas writes, it was born much earlier than they started talking about it in America:

There is nothing anomalous here. Rather, it is carefully hidden.

Such phenomena, unknown to Spanish farmers (judging by the article I posted), such as the treatment of clouds with dry carbon dioxide and silver iodide, are a long-standing, well-known reality among us. I personally observed a stunning signal transmission in the VHF range during the Moscow Olympics in 1980, which was associated with the treatment of clouds (to prevent rain) with silver salts, which was an excellent reflector of VHF radio waves. In Moscow, Ukraine, Poland, the Baltic States were hosted, partially with a stereo effect... The effect disappeared immediately after the closing of the Olympics...

As for the “grid in the sky,” this remains to be sorted out. While the material is accumulating. Nothing abnormal here either...

In our PRELIMINARY opinion, this could be:

1. Installation of the same reflective screen to increase the propagation of radio waves for missile defense and air defense purposes - to replace those destroyed during the “reforms” in the Baltic states (in Skrunda) and Ukraine (in Nikolaev and Mukachevo) and the unfinished Krasnoyarsk radar station.
2. Weather management.
3. Managing people's health and behavior.

Major Thomas, Project X-Libri

Hello Nikolay!

I observed such phenomena on September 12, 2001. From the morning until 14-15 hours, an airplane flew on the eastern side of the sky and after a short period of time a white trail appeared behind it, which gradually expanded and did not disappear for a long time. The plane turned around and flew in the opposite direction, leaving behind itself exactly the same non-disappearing trail. These traces accumulated and turned into stratus clouds. I wondered why the contrail from the plane remained in the sky for so long (I saw white, stratus clouds on the eastern side of the sky almost all day before dark), although the flights stopped after lunch.

It never occurred to me that the plane was spraying something. This happened the day after the terrorist attack on the United States and all services, as announced on radio and TV, were on high alert. I live in the north of the Volgograd region in the city of Zhirnovsk, and Chechnya is not too far from us. That's why I thought that these flights were associated with increased vigilance. After about 2-3 days, a web of an unusual appearance appeared. The fibers are very thick and long. This web was noticed by many people, since there is a lot of it, it is found literally everywhere, in fields, forests, and populated areas. I also joked with my friends about a web of this size: “Judging by the web, the spider was about my height and build!”

I wish all the best!
Goodbye!
Best regards, Vasily.

Basil! I think everyone will be extremely interested if you monitor the health of your friends who observed the “web” and were nearby. I will be grateful if you send a letter in 2-3 weeks and report on the state of your health and (if this happens) about possible diseases among those who saw the “web”. There may be an article in your local press about a "sudden fall flu epidemic." If possible, collect samples of soil and vegetation, as well as water (if the web fell into bodies of water) at the site where the web fell. Send samples to the address 614010, Perm, post office box 5172, N.V. Subbotin. We will analyze the samples. I have in my hands the results of tests performed by American researchers. It will be very interesting to compare the results.

It seems that it is too early to close the topic of chemtrails. To be honest, while working on the material, I did not think that similar experiments were carried out in Russia, but, judging by what Major Thomas writes, the Russian military is well aware of such techniques. In the coming issues I will continue the topic of chemtrails, and will also try to find out about “Russian chemtrails”.

I invite all mailing list subscribers to conduct an experiment. During October and November, in the morning and evening, when you go to work or return home, sometimes look at the sky. If you see something similar to chemtrails, write me a letter indicating the location (city) of observation, as well as a brief description of the chemtrail (appearance, approximate height, start time of observation, time when the chemtrail disappeared). We will be able to create a unique map of observation of chemtrails over the territory of Russia and determine the scale of the experiments being carried out.

The observation results and the map will be constantly updated on the Russian UFO portal. If you manage to photograph the chemtrails, I will also post your photo on the server.

Based on the results of the joint experiment, an analytical article will be prepared in December.

I am hope for your help!

Below I have collected articles that fit very well into the topic of chemtrails and experiments conducted by the military to control the weather and natural processes. Something to think about!

Special thanks to Major Thomas for the article on "Climate Weapons".

Thank you very much for the letters you sent in which you talk about observations of chemtrails in Russia. Here are some of them:

Hello!

I observed chemtrails in the sky over Nemchinovka (this is 100 m from the western border of Moscow) in 1985. Then I saw a lot of them. And they really annoyed me with their appearance.

On that day that I want to tell you about, there was a haze in the sky, a fog that was not spreading near the ground, but seemed to be floating high in the sky. I have never seen anything like this before or since. When looking at the sun, a circular rainbow around the sun became visible. Not an arc resting on the horizon, but an even circle around the center - the Sun. And traces from airplanes (chemtrails), from large passenger planes that often flew over Nemchinovka at that time, began to draw diameters and chords to this circle. It was terribly beautiful. Then they spread out into wide stripes and it was not so beautiful. And a few hours before that, I saw in the sky a bird made up of three segments of one air trail. How this was achieved is still a mystery to me.

But I didn’t like the tracks from military aircraft so much - they were thinner and shorter - not all over the sky. I even drew them.

Now there are no military planes flying over us (or I don’t see them). and there are no chemtrails at all. Maybe this is due to the fact that too many powerful people have begun to live in our area - they cannot be harmed by such flights. Or maybe now they don’t spray anything on us at all.

Olga

Nikolay, hello!

Today (September 28, 2001) at 6.35 am I observed contrails of an airplane in the sky, which did not dissipate and were quite wide. The routes stretched from east to west from horizon to horizon, occupying almost the entire sky. I counted 10 parallel stripes that occupied the entire width of the sky. In the south, not high above the horizon, I saw a plane “cutting” the 11th runway. The routes were poorly dispersed and only increased in width, resembling huge ribbons. The wind slowly carried them to the north, northeast. Half an hour later, leaving the house again, in the southern part of the sky I saw 3 more planes that were flying parallel courses in the same direction (from east to west), at a distance of several kilometers from each other, leaving behind exactly the same contrails. The time is 8 o'clock in the morning, the tracks have not yet cleared. Place of observation - the city of Ryazan, 09/28/2001

Best regards, Sergei

Hello Nikolay.

usually “they” are most clearly visible and occur more often in clear weather with little cloudiness - it happens with a frequency of 2-3 times a week, it is clear that in heavy cloudiness they are simply invisible, if there are no clouds at all, then on such days I never see them did not met. They form after the plane and come in two types - some are narrow and short (about 1/10 -1/5 of the celestial sphere), others (which raise suspicion according to your theory) sometimes cross the sky almost completely and expand literally immediately after the tail of the aircraft gradually forming torn white puffs, and quite often there are several paths that either intersect each other at different angles, or (more rarely) form figures in the sky - triangles. The “stay time” of these tracks in the sky is up to 1.5 hours, after which they completely dissolve.

Well, that's all... if this interests you, study further.

Dima

Unfortunately, Vasily never sent a response, so it is now unlikely that it will be possible to obtain for analysis the substance of the chemtrail that was observed in Zhirnovsk on September 12.

I look forward to your messages about observations of chemtrails, as well as versions of their possible origin.

Nikolay Subbotin

Chemtrails or chemtrails are traces from aircraft that do not dissipate for a long time, but can form a grid in the sky.

Initially, chemtrails were classified as condensation trails, which expand over a long period of time until they turn into cirrus clouds, in contrast to “normal” ones, which disappear within a few minutes. Nowadays, almost all “unusual” condensation trails, differing, for example, in shape, unevenness, or other features, are considered chemtrails. According to supporters of the chemtrail idea, these phenomena are accompanied by feelings of fatigue and depression among people in surrounding communities.

This article aims to understand whether chemtrails exist at all or whether there are other reasons for the features associated with them.

Story

In 1996, the US Air Force published the paper "Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025", which proposed the idea of ​​a weather weapon and became the basis for the development of chemtrail theory.

The word “chemtrails” - the Russian version of the English “chemtrails” - was introduced into use by the director of the Russian UFO Research Station RUFORS, Nikolai Subbotin, who wrote the first article in Russia on the problem of chemtrails in 2001.

In 2007, local television in Louisiana reported checkered skies and elevated barium concentrations of 6.8 parts per million (three times the MCL). Subsequently, I had to take the words back (the concentration turned out to be a thousand times less, 6.8 parts per billion) - nevertheless, “the genie was released from the bottle.”

From 1996 to the present, many hypotheses have been proposed about the sources of chemtrails.

1. Main version: the government uses airplanes (most often passenger ones) to spray an aerosol substance that can cause fatigue and depression in people, as well as a number of different types of diseases.
2. Researcher Tom Dongo from the city of Sedona (Arizona, USA) is studying portals and an anomalous zone located 20 miles from Sedona, and adheres to an alternative hypothesis of the use of chemtrails. According to the hypothesis of Tom and other studies of the Sedona anomaly, portals may be passages to other dimensions. And chemtrails are the spraying of some chemical substance to destroy portals. Tom's book "Intersecting Dimensions" is devoted to this problem.
3. American researcher Mike Blair is more categorical in his conclusions regarding the nature and purpose of chemtrails. In an official report dated June 11, 2001, he clearly identifies the main culprits of this phenomenon and the reasons for its occurrence. The basis of chemtrails is barium salts. The spraying of this chemical is part of the military's Advanced Radar MP (RFMP) testing program.
4. Another hypothesis for the emergence of chemtrails involves the use of barium salts, which are intended to control the weather. This project is also known as HAARP.
5. The chemtrails and the substance falling out of them are the result of the operation of UFO engines of some special type.

Signs of a chemtrail

• The chemtrails expand until they become cirrus clouds. Sometimes it happens that planes create a whole “lattice” in the sky - usually on a clear day.

Chemtrails in the sky

• Chemtrails created by aircraft are observed at altitudes from 8,000 to 33,000 feet (2,438.4 to 10,058.4 m). They typically form at altitudes below 30,000 feet (9,144 m). Normal exhaust cannot form at this altitude. Therefore, the observation of exhaust below 30,000 feet is highly likely to be a chemtrail.
• After the planes fly over, barium and aluminum salts, polymer fibers, thorium, silicon carbide or various substances of organic origin are found on the ground, and those caught on the chemical route allegedly feel worse.

Chemtrails are often referred to as an unusual aircraft contrail. Let's try to figure out which trace from an airplane is common.

The nature of the appearance of a contrail (condensation) trail

Condensation trail (old contrail - incorrect, slang jet trail - incorrect name) is a visible trail formed in the sky behind moving aircraft under certain conditions (parameter ratios) of the atmosphere. They are observed most often in the upper layers of the tropopause, and much less often in the stratosphere.

The condensation trail is a separate group of clouds - man-made (artificial) clouds - Cirrus traktus (Cс trac., cirrus - cirrus, tractus - traces).

There are two main reasons for the phenomenon:

The first is an increase in air humidity, when water vapor formed as a result of fuel combustion is added to atmospheric water vapor. This increases the dew point in a limited volume of air (behind the engines), and if it becomes higher than the ambient temperature, then as the exhaust gases cool, excess water vapor condenses (sublimates).

Condensation trail

The second is a decrease in air pressure and temperature above the wing and inside the vortices that arise when flowing around various parts of the aircraft. The most intense vortices are formed at the tips of the wing and flaps, as well as at the tips of the propeller blades. If the temperature drops below the dew point, excess atmospheric water vapor condenses (sublimates) in the area above the wing and inside the vortices.

Condensation trails from B-17 piston aircraft, World War II Condensation is clearly visible inside the vortices running from the tips of the blades

A condensation trail formed by vortices from the ends of the wing.

Traces formed as a result of a combination of these two causes are often observed. Also of particular importance is the fact that at high altitudes there is a shortage of condensation centers, so even when temperatures below the dew point are reached, atmospheric moisture often remains in a gaseous state. The passage of an aircraft causes the appearance of a large number of such condensation centers, which contributes to the rapid development of a condensation trail. Condensation centers can be particles of unburned or incompletely burned (soot) fuel. Because the humidity of the surrounding air is less than the trace, the condensed or sublimated water particles evaporate and the trace disappears over time.

Thus, the possibility of the appearance and duration of existence of a condensation trail, as well as its type, depend on the humidity and temperature of the environment.

If the surrounding air is dry, then the droplet-liquid water subsequently evaporates again, and the condensation trail quickly dissipates. If the atmosphere is saturated with moisture (relative humidity is close to 100%), then the phenomenon can exist for a long time. In a humid atmosphere, the condensation trail is stable, gradually increases in volume, and ultimately contributes to the formation of a layer of cirrus clouds.

• At low humidity and relatively high temperatures there may be no trace at all.
• The higher the humidity and lower the temperature, the more moisture condenses (sublimates), the richer and longer the trail. And it can exist for a long time.
• And at a humidity close to 100% and a low temperature, the largest amount of water vapor condenses; high humidity prevents the evaporation of trace particles, which leads to the formation of condensation traces that can exist for quite a long time. Those. In conditions of an atmosphere supersaturated with moisture, the condensation trail is stable, gradually increases in volume and ultimately contributes to the formation of a layer of cirrus clouds.

Condensation trails are formed not only at “high” flight altitudes. At the snowy (ice) airfield of the Scot Amundsen Polar Station (altitude 2830 m above sea level) - under certain conditions (air temperature minus 50 degrees and below) - this trail is formed already on takeoff or landing, and behind turboprop aircraft (C-130 "Hercules" from the "Snow Wing" of the US Air Force).

Causes of uneven condensation trails

The uneven distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere is the cause of the same “uneven” footprint. There are several examples of reasons for the unevenness of tracks:

Wing tip vortex

A flying aircraft leaves behind a disturbed region of the atmosphere called a wake. This wake is formed mainly by engine jets and wing tip vortices. Twisting is explained by the difference in pressure on the lower and upper surfaces of the wing. As a result of the flow of air from an area of ​​​​high pressure on the lower surface of the wing to an area of ​​​​low pressure on the upper surface through its end, powerful vortices are formed. The greater the pressure drop and, therefore, the lift with which the flow acts on the wing, the greater the intensity of the tip vortices. Circumferential speeds in a wake vortex with a diameter of 8-15 m can reach 150 km/h.

Mirage 2000 and F-16C flying at a high angle of attack.

The tip vortex was visualized using a smoke trail tracer-generator. Atmospheric disturbances caused by the influence of a wake vortex exist for a long time, gradually fading, reducing the peripheral speed of movement.

As a result of interaction with each other, the vortices gradually descend and diverge.

Observing the contrail of a passing aircraft, we discover that approximately 30-40 seconds after the plane passes, the contrail begins to change its appearance under the influence of the developing wake vortex. When the contrail and vortex trails intersect, very intricate shapes arise that have well-defined patterns.

Number of aircraft engines

Depending on the number of engines and their location on the aircraft, the condensation trail can be one or two stripes.

The most frequently repeated modifications of the condensation trail.
Rice. 5 – two-lane track; In Fig. Figure 6 shows the twisting of the condensation trail under the action of the tip vortex. Rice. 7 and 8 illustrate more bizarre cases of the interaction of a contrail with a tip vortex.

Thus, the condensation trail and its transformation record the aerodynamic processes accompanying the flight of the aircraft.

Separated vortex flows

When performing maneuvers at high angles of attack (20° or more), the nature of the flow around the aircraft surfaces changes dramatically. Separation areas are formed on the upper surface of the wing and fuselage, in which, due to a decrease in pressure, conditions arise for condensation of atmospheric moisture. Thanks to this, it is possible to observe the flight of an aircraft without tracers.

Su-21 fighter in a cloud halo formed on the upper surface of the airframe when flying at a high angle of attack (left). The appearance of a vortex rope and separation area on the wing surface of the B-1A bomber. (right)

Bright trace of afterburner

The engines of modern fighter aircraft are equipped with supersonic adjustable nozzles. As a rule, in the afterburning mode of engine operation, the pressure at the nozzle exit exceeds the ambient air pressure. At a considerable distance from the nozzle exit, the pressure in the jet and in the atmosphere must equalize. As you move away from the nozzle exit, the pressure in the jet decreases and the gas velocity increases. The cross section of the jet increases, which is shown schematically in the figure below.

The gas continues to expand by inertia, and in the widest section of the jet the pressure becomes below atmospheric. After this, the jet begins to narrow, the pressure in it approaches atmospheric pressure, and the speed decreases accordingly. The deceleration of a supersonic flow leads to the occurrence of a direct shock wave. As a result, in some part of the jet the speeds become subsonic, and the pressure is correspondingly higher than atmospheric. As you can see, the shape of the jet becomes barrel-shaped. Then the process is repeated.

The gas jet has a temperature of more than 2000 °K, so its glow makes visible the processes occurring during its expiration. Areas of bright glow are visible in those places of the jet where direct shock waves are formed.

Conclusion

Thus, we can conclude that the long existence of a contrail depends on a number of natural reasons and this does not make it “special”. It does not depend directly on the flight altitude, but is determined only by environmental parameters (temperature, humidity and wind speed).

A “grid” of contrails can form when a contrail exists for a long time due to the specific location of air routes (you can clearly see this in the list and diagrams of air routes for your region or country).

Based on the above, barium salts, various substances of organic origin, etc., found on the ground, contact with which supposedly worsens health, are not associated with the phenomenon of condensation trail and have other reasons, the search for which is beyond the scope of this article.

Gratitude for the consultation to the candidate of technical sciences, teacher of the Military Academy Viktor V.

Whychek Club. Why does a plane leave a trail?

Often, raising our heads to the sky, we see a white stripe on it from a flying plane. The trail it leaves behind is called a condensation trail. By the way, we often call it a contrail, but on Wikipedia, opposite “contrail” there is a note “outdated name”. Therefore, I will use the term "condensation". In addition, this name is “speaking” - this name itself contains the answer to the question of what it is. (Invite your child to name other examples of “speaking” names, for example, airplane, samovar, triangle. If the child is familiar with Latin roots, then you can think of a telescope, a microphone, etc.).

An airplane trail is called a "condensation trail" because it is caused by condensation. Ask your child if he knows what “condensation” is? It is unlikely that many preschool children will be able to answer this question. Then let's ask differently: has your child ever seen how the car windows fog up in winter? Does he like to draw funny faces on the foggy window with his finger? Has your child ever seen how the bathroom mirror becomes covered in droplets after someone has taken a hot shower? This phenomenon is condensation.

This is the name given to the transition of vapor into a liquid state. For it to happen, you need three components: moist air, condensation nuclei (some specks of dust in the air) and a temperature difference. For example, what happens in our bathroom: there is humid air, there are dust particles in the air, there is a temperature difference when warm air comes into contact with the cold glass of the mirror! This means there will be condensation.

Let's do the condensation now. To do this, you just need to pour water into a bottle and put it in the freezer for 15-20 minutes. When the water has cooled, you need to take it out and keep it at room temperature. Small droplets - condensation - immediately form on the surface of the bottle. If you keep the bottle warm longer, the drops will begin to increase and flow down the walls. This is water vapor in the room air, when it comes into contact with a cold bottle, it settles on it in drops.

Where else can we see condensation? That's right - it's just ordinary dew! Does the baby remember seeing small droplets on the grass early in the morning? Now he can explain where they came from. Was there humid air? Were there condensation nuclei? Was there a temperature difference between the cold night air and the warm surface of the earth? So the water vapor from the air turned into water droplets - and the result was dew. There is even such a term as “dew point”. It precisely indicates the temperature below which water vapor turns into droplets.

Dew. Photo from Wikipedia

Now let's get back to the plane. When a plane flies, its engines emit jets of hot steam and gases from spent fuel. Once in the cold air (and at the altitude at which airplanes usually fly, the temperature is about -40 degrees, more about this in the issue about how clouds form), the steam condenses around particles of burned fuel and produces tiny droplets, like fog, which and form a stripe in the sky. We can say that it turns out to be a kind of man-made long cloud. Over time it will dissipate or become part of cirrus clouds.

You can predict the weather from the aircraft's trail. If the trail is long and lasts a long time, then the air is humid and it may rain, if it is short and dissipates quickly, then it will be dry and clear. My daughter Katya and I decided to keep a diary of observations and check how accurate such a forecast could be. Join our experiment!

By the way, aircraft contrails can affect the Earth's climate. If you look at the Earth from a satellite, you can see that in those areas where airplanes often fly, the entire sky is covered with their traces. Some scientists believe that this is good - the tracks increase the reflective properties of the atmosphere, thereby preventing the sun's rays from reaching the Earth's surface. This way you can reduce the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere and prevent global warming. Others believe that it is bad - cirrus clouds arising from the condensation trail prevent the atmosphere from cooling, thereby causing its warming. Time will tell who is right and who is wrong.

My Katya loves to watch airplanes fly while walking. And she always wants to know where and where they are flying from. It’s good that the network has a service that shows in real time all the planes in flight around the world. His address is http://www.flightradar24.com. It’s so interesting to look out the window, see a white stripe of condensation trail, and immediately determine what it was left by, for example, an Airbus A330-322, owned by the I-Fly company, and flying from Hurghada to Moscow.

Screenshot of the aircraft tracking program

There is even such a fashionable hobby - aviation spotting (from the English "spot" - "see", "identify"). It consists of people observing aircraft flights (usually near airports), identifying their types, maintaining registers, and photographing takeoffs and landings.
If your city has an airport, I suggest, if not doing spotting, then just go on an excursion there. Walk around the airport terminal building, find out where they buy plane tickets, how they check in and receive luggage, and how they go through customs control. See off and meet several planes, take a closer look at the faces of people who have just returned from the sky. And even if you yourself are not going to fly anywhere yet, you will feel a little like travelers.
We sometimes go to Simferopol airport if the weather is bad outside and it’s unpleasant to walk in the fresh air. And children are always delighted with such a pastime. We also periodically organize air shows in our city. This is where you can not only watch, but also touch the plane and even sit in its cockpit.

And at the end of the issue, I want to suggest trying your hand at creating paper airplanes using the origami technique. Even if your child already knows how to make the well-known model of the Strela airplane, there are many other models. (I once posted 21 airplane designs on my blog). Take the resulting airplanes with you for a walk and organize a competition. Which plane is the most beautiful? Which one flies the furthest? Which one spends the longest time in the air? I am sure that not only boys and girls, but even their mothers and fathers will enjoy flying airplanes. I hope this activity will also be interesting for Dana :)