Description of the butler Gavrila from Mumu. The main characters of "Mumu": a brief description

(Drawing by I.I. Pchelko)

The simplicity and irony of the images of Turgenev's heroes almost immediately reveals to the reader the character of each - be it the main character or an indirect one. One of the minor, but quite prominent characters in I. S. Turgenev’s story “Mumu” ​​is a certain Gavrila - the chief butler, proudly commanding all the servants, a faithful subject of his mistress. The old lady, before whom almost all the servants were in awe, trusts her butler in solving everyday issues. But the butler, in turn, treats her, like everyone else, not without timidity. Her first dialogue with Gavrila indicates this clearly. She orders and commands not without the quirks inherent in old age. He, of course, restrainedly subdued.

Gavrila Andreevich as the image of a crafty butler

(Butler Gavrila on the right in the illustration)

In all the appearance of the serf one can read his destiny for managerial affairs. The author created him as a classic image of a servant with high responsibilities - a thin duck nose, yellow eyes with cunning. An arrogant attitude, which, however, hides the cowardly and indecisive character of a simple peasant. And yet, Gavrila "Andreevich" is quite strict with his subordinates. He has to weigh where and how to act profitably, where to prove himself to the lady, where to use his powers. But, unfortunately, they let him down - the death of the innocent little dog was, to a greater extent, his fault.

In one of the episodes, he cunningly gets out of a situation when, on the orders of his mistress, he solves the dilemma of marrying a servant - the meek washerwoman Tatyana and the drunkard shoemaker Kapiton. Gavrila understands that the mute Gerasim is not indifferent to the poor woman, and this task turns out to be difficult for him.

Negative and positive traits of the hero

(Soviet filmstrip "Mumu", 1949)

Solving issues of the economy, Gavrila is very practical. He has a wife - Ustinya Fedorovna. They live in a separate outbuilding. Taking advantage of his rights, which also relate to food, he simply provides for his family beyond measure, stealing “... tea, sugar, and other groceries” from the kitchen. In his room in the outbuilding there are forged chests, which probably contain his mistress’s things; he carefully looks after them. This character is diligent in everything, reports daily to the bored lady about the affairs in the house, and goes to her on time to report.

Compared to others, of course this hero creates a negative impression. However, even in this negative image, human soulfulness easily, barely noticeably, shines through. His experiences are deeply hidden from the reader; one can guess about them only by looking between the lines. Initially, Gavrila was entrusted with all the household affairs. He has to solve many matters alone, without asking unnecessary questions to the old lady, indulging her in everything. And not every case he manages everything smoothly and well. He is mainly responsible for the result, for order in the entire yard, and, perhaps, this is primarily for his own peace. By sacrificing the feelings of others, the butler decides the fate of the servants, often resorting to deception, but this is his role, which fate has predetermined for him.

Characteristics of Gavrila from Mumu

Answers:

Gavrila carried out all the orders of his mistress and handed the muma to Stepan. I was drawing up advice on how to make Gerasim fall in love with Tatyana. All her slightest whims were fulfilled. He is quick-witted, organized, responsible, obedient to his lady. Stepan is merciless, cruel and unable to understand all of Gerasim’s deep feelings. He is like a traitor towards the dog: he sells it, helps and tells him how to get Gerasim out of the closet. Cunning, arrogant, that's all. I don't like him.

Similar questions

• The product of numbers 22 and 4 is increased by their difference
• Please help me characterize the characters: Minilov and Korobochka (portrait, interior, characterization, reaction to Chichikov’s proposal) Please Dead Souls
• The farmer had 3 horses and 9 cows. A horse needs 135 kg of hay per month, and three cows need as much hay as seven horses need. How many kg of hay should the farmer spend monthly on all horses and cows?
• PLEASE HELP URGENTLY! 1. From one field with an area of ​​27 hectares, 810 centners of wheat were collected, and from another field with an area of ​​30 hectares, 750 centners of wheat were collected. Which field has more yield and by how much more? 2. 320 apple trees, 136 pears were planted in the garden, and plums - 1/3 of the total number of apple and pear trees. How many trees were planted in the garden? 3.
• Parse the sentence: are you sure Mozart is something raster???
• The boat, moving at a speed of 5 km/h, was on its way 6. how long does it take to swim this distance on a catamaran at a speed of 15 km/h?
• Find the extra noun foliage gate pasta sleigh
• Hno3+h2s=no+s+h2o indicate oxidizing agent and reducing agent
• From the pier, a raft sailed down the river. Downstream of the river, at a distance of 17 km from the first pier, there is a second pier. From there, a motor ship departs to meet the raft 2/3 hours after the raft’s departure. The motor ship’s own speed is 25 km/h, and the speed of the river equal to 3 km/h. How long after its departure will the raft meet the ship?

Answers to school textbooks

3. How does the author describe Gerasim and is it possible to judge from this description the author’s attitude towards the hero? How did Gerasim work and why did his new activities seem like a “joke” to him?
The writer claims that “a person gets used to everything, and Gerasim finally got used to city life.”
How did Gerasim get used to his new life? Talk about it close to the text.
What was his closet like and why does Turgenev describe it in such detail?

Turgenev calls Gerasim “the most delightful person” among all the servants. Gerasim was a tall man of heroic build and deaf and dumb from birth. The creator writes: “Gifted with extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the work was going on in his hands, and it was funny to look at him when he was plowing and, leaning his large palms on the plow, it seemed that alone, without the help of a horse, he was tearing into the elastic chest of the earth , or about Peter's day he acted so crushingly with his scythe that he could even sweep away a young birch forest from its roots, or he deftly and non-stop threshed with a three-yard flail, and like a lever the elongated and hard muscles of his shoulders lowered and raised. The constant silence gave a solemn significance to his tireless work. He was a nice man and, if it weren’t for his misfortune, every girl would willingly marry him...”

From this description one can judge the creator’s attitude towards his own hero: Turgenev seems to admire Gerasim, his strength and stinginess towards work. Turgenev speaks of the solemnity of Gerasim’s tireless work, in other words, of his tirelessness and hard work.

Peasant work is very arduous, and the duties of a janitor in the town seemed comical to Gerasim, easy after the village labors. He's used to doing more.

Gerasim took a long time to get used to his new life. He could not fully talk with people because of his own muteness, and communication with nature replaced human warmth for him. Gerasim was bored and perplexed, just as perplexed is a young, healthy bull who was just grazing in a field where lush grass grew, but he was put in a railroad car. All around, everything rumbles, squeals, and the train rushes to no one knows where.

Gerasim dealt with the new obligations of a janitor jokingly, in half an hour, later he stood for a long time and looked at everyone passing, waiting for an answer to his unspoken questions, or he threw a broom and a shovel and went somewhere in a corner, threw himself face down on the ground and lay on it for hours at a time. chest like a captured animal. Gerasim gradually got used to city life.

Gerasim's kennel was small and located above the kitchen. “...he arranged it for himself, according to his own taste: he built a bed in it from oak boards on 4 logs, a truly heroic bed; 100 poods could have been put on it - it would not have bent; under the bed there was a hefty chest; in the corner there was a table of the same strong characteristics, and near the table there was a chair on 3 legs, so strong and stocky that Gerasim himself used to pick it up, drop it and grin. The kennel was closed with a lock that resembled a kalach, only dark; Gerasim always carried the key to this lock with him on his belt. He didn’t like people to visit him.”

Turgenev describes Gerasim's kennel so carefully that, with the help of this description, he can show in more detail the character of the hero: unsociable, taciturn, strong.

4. Why are other heroes interesting - Kapiton (as he himself says about himself?), Gavrila, Tatyana (why did her beauty soon “jump off” her?)? How did Gerasim treat Tatyana? Tell the story of her marriage. How do the heroes appear in it?

Kapiton Klimov, a “bitter drunkard,” was a shoemaker for an old lady. Turgenev writes: “Klimov considered himself an offended and unappreciated creature, an educated and metropolitan man, who would not live in Moscow, idle, in some outback, and if he drank, as he himself expressed himself with emphasis and knocking on his chest , then I drank specifically out of grief.” When Gavrila told him that he was only eating bread for nothing, Kapiton answered offendedly: “In this case, Gavrila Andreich, there is only one arbiter for me: the Lord God himself - and no one else. He alone knows what kind of person I am in this world and whether I truly eat bread for nothing.” He states that he "is, however, a man, and not, in truth, some pathetic pot." He calls himself a wretched man. In marriage, Kapiton sees only pleasure for himself and does not feel his own responsibility for Tatyana. A year after the wedding, Kapiton completely drank himself to death and, together with his wife, was sent to the village by the lady.

Gavrila is the lady’s chief butler, a man “who, judging by his yellowish eyes and duck nose alone, fate itself seemed to have determined to be the person in charge.” When communicating with his lady, he constantly says with the “s”: marry, sir, it’s possible, sir, okay, sir, of course, sir, you want, sir. When Gavrila speaks to Capito and other servants, he does not use “s”. He is ready to do all the wishes of the lady, humiliates himself in front of her and, to please her, humiliates other people, and he, together with his senior companion Lyubov Lyubimovna, steals tea, sugar and other groceries from the lady.

Tatyana, a young lady of twenty-eight years old, was a laundress for a lady. She was assigned to wash only thin linen. She had no relatives, except for her uncles who lived in the village, and everyone humiliated her and overloaded her with work. Turgenev writes: “She was of a very meek disposition, or, better said, downtrodden; she felt complete indifference to herself, and was mortally afraid of others; I thought only about how to finish my work on time, never talked to anyone and trembled at the mere name of the lady.”

We read an excerpt from Nekrasov’s poem “Frost, Reddish Nose,” dedicated to a Russian lady. According to Nekrasov, a lady is truly beautiful when her beauty is combined with a sense of pride and self-respect. From her youth, Tatyana was forced to work for two people, she had no pride, no self-confidence, and therefore her beauty soon “jumped off” her.

Gerasim was mute from birth, but he was not unresponsive, he had a sense of his own strengths. Tatyana was unrequited, she never spoke to anyone, in other words, she was mute as a person. Gerasim wanted to help someone, to protect someone, and saw that Tatyana needed protection. He gave her gifts and protected her from the ridicule of the servants.

She got married on the orders of the lady, who was not interested in whether Tatyana loved Kapiton. The butler forced Tatiana to pretend to be intoxicated. Gerasim did not like drunken people and pushed Tatyana straight to Kapiton. A year after his marriage, Kapiton drank himself to death, and he and his wife were sent to the village. Tatyana kissed goodbye in a Christian way with Gerasim. This was the only person in her life who felt sorry for her and fussed about her.

5. It is known that this story is based on a real incident that happened to a janitor in Spassky, but after the death of the dog he remained faithful to his mistress and served her until his death. Do you think the writer did the right thing by coming up with a completely different ending to the story? What goal did he pursue, what did he achieve?

After the marriage of Tatiana and Kapiton, the only creature that Gerasim adored was a dog of the Spanish breed. Gerasim rescued the little puppy, went out and called him Mumu. When, at the behest of the lady Gavrila, he gave the order to Gerasim to strangle Mumu, the janitor carried out the will of the lady, but then went on foot to his native village. Gerasim wanted to prove that there is a limit to human patience, and he is not the kind of person who will allow himself to be humiliated and take away his right to free choice.

Turgenev wanted to arouse in his readers compassion for Gerasim, a protest against the arbitrariness of the ladies and all landowners in general, who arrogated to themselves the right to control the destinies of people. The writer says that even a mute person, deprived of the ability to speak, has a sense of self-worth that must be respected.

6.Prepare a brief retelling of the entire text and an artistic retelling (that is, with the maximum introduction of the artistic features of the work) of any episode (to choose from).

When Turgenev wrote this story, he recalled a real life incident that happened to a janitor in Spassky-Lutovinovo. That janitor remained faithful to his own mistress. But in Turgenev’s story, Gerasim leaves his lady. The Creator wanted to show that every person has the right to respect. Gerasim personifies the entire Russian people, who have endured suppression for a long time, but the moment will come when this patience will come to an end. Turgenev achieved that many noble readers, who also had their own serf farmers, began to relate to the people differently.

7. A short retelling of the entire text of “Mumu”.

One ancient lady who lived in Moscow took a mute peasant named Gerasim from the village and assigned him to work as a janitor. At first Gerasim felt bad in the town, but later he got used to it and did his job carefully. In the middle of the servants was the laundress Tatyana, a downtrodden and unresponsive lady. Gerasim fell in love with Tatiana, courted her and wanted to woo her.

But the lady took it into her head to marry Tatyana to the drunkard Capiton. Gerasim could not stand drunken people, and Tatyana was persuaded to walk around the yard, pretending to be drunk. Gerasim pushed Tatiana to Kapiton, after which the lady’s wish came true. A year later, Kapiton drank himself to death and was sent to the village along with his wife.

Gerasim was sad, but he rescued a little puppy from the river, fed him and became attached to him with all his soul. The dog was named Mumu. She adored Gerasim and was always with him; she woke him up during the day and guarded the house at night. One day the lady saw the dog and ordered him to be brought into the room. When the mistress held out her hand to her, Mumu growled. The mistress gave the order that the dog should not be in the yard at once. Stepan, a servant, kidnapped the dog and sold it. Gerasim found her for a number of days; later Mumu escaped and returned to Gerasim. The lady found out about this and again gave the order to remove her from the house. The butler ordered Gerasim to strangle Mumu. Gerasim drowned his dog, returned to the house, collected his things and left Moscow on foot for his village. The lady at first ordered him to be returned, but later changed her wish. She soon died. Gerasim remained to live in the village as a boby.

8. Did you like the characters and their actions? Tell us about one of the characters in the story.

There are many different characters in this story. Basically, these are the old lady's servants: servants and hangers-on. All of them, not counting Gerasim, think about only one thing: to please the lady, and not to anger her. One of these characters is the bartender Uncle Tail, “to whom everyone respectfully turned for advice, although all they heard from him was: that’s how it is, yes: yes, yes, yes.” He is called to the council when they decide how to marry Tatiana and Kapiton. When it was necessary to take Mumu away from Gerasim, the barman looked out of the window “and gave orders, in other words, he just threw up his hands.” When Gerasim opened the door, Uncle Khvost locked the window, when Gerasim slammed the door, Uncle Khvost unlocked the window. At the end of the story, Uncle Khvost reasons with Gavrila, telling him: “Well!” In Russian there is a word for henchman. It is not in vain that Turgenev gives this hero the nickname “Uncle Tail.” By this he emphasizes that the barman has no idea of ​​his own; his actions depend entirely on the command of those who are above him.

9.Why is the story called “Mumu”?

Turgenev called the story “Mumu” ​​because that was the name of the dog that the main character adored. The love for this dog made his life satisfying, and the order to strangle it led to a protest and Gerasim’s departure from Moscow to the village.

10. The main character of the story is the mute Gerasim. What are his character traits? Tell us about this, supporting your words with quotes from the text of the work.

The main traits of Gerasim's character are a sense of self, compassion for the unfortunate, sensitivity, principledness, accuracy, seriousness, and hard work.

Gerasim forces the servants to treat him with respect: “they communicated with him by signs, and he understood them, carried out all the orders exactly, but he also knew his rights, and no one dared to sit in his place at the table.”

Gerasim condoled with the unfortunate and offended. At first he felt sorry, and later he fell in love with the unrequited Tatyana, rescued and rescued the unfortunate drowning puppy.

Gerasim's sensitivity helped him realize what he could not hear due to his own muteness. When the butler gathered a council in his own room, “Gerasim looked angrily and swiftly at everyone, did not walk away from the maiden porch and seemed to realize that something bad was afoot for him.” Gerasim himself figured out that Mumu disappeared not on her own, but on the orders of the lady. Turgenev writes how he tried to save Mumu, "having sensed something unkind in his heart."

Turgenev especially emphasizes the thoroughness and neatness of Gerasim when he talks about how the janitor set up a kennel for himself and how painstakingly he always cleaned the yard.

Gerasim was a stern man, he did not like drinking and took his obligations responsibly. He was a hardworking and strong man. Turgenev repeatedly mentions "the heroic strength of the mute."

Describing the strength of Gerasim, Turgenev uses hyperbole, in other words, strong exaggeration. The writer says about the bed: “You could have put a hundred pounds on it and it wouldn’t have bent.” When Gerasim mowed, he could “sweep the young birch forest away from its roots.” He hit two thieves with their foreheads together in such a way that “at least don’t take them to the police later.”

In order to highlight Gerasim’s character, the writer compares him to a young, healthy bull, “who had just been taken from the field, where lush grass grew up to his belly,” and settled in the city, where the peasant feels like a “captured animal.” These comparisons help highlight his love of free living.

Literature and visual arts

To page 224

Look at the illustrations for the story in the textbook. Why are they interesting? Prepare illustrations or a description (oral) of the drawing for the story.

Many painters illustrated the story of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". The sketch by the artist P. Boklevsky depicts Gerasim with a broom in his hands in the narrow courtyard of a capital house. Mumu sits at the janitor's feet. This sketch conveys Gerasim's strength and decisive character.

S. Boym’s illustrations depict two episodes of the story: Mumu’s behavior in the lady’s room and the episode of Mumu’s treat in the tavern. The first sketch is fascinating because it shows the movement of the lady when she says: “Mumu, Mumu, come to me, come to the lady...” At this moment the hangers-on fold their hands and say: “Come, come, Mumu, to lady..." The second illustration shows a metropolitan tavern. Gerasim sits at the table and looks sadly at his beloved dog. Mumu eats cabbage soup with meat, and the sexton looks at this scene in surprise.

The illustration by artist V. Taburin depicts the episode when Gerasim drowns Mumu. He crushes the dog to himself for the last time, looks at her with bitterness and says goodbye to her. And in the left hand there is already a stone prepared.

K. Trutovsky’s painting “The Benefactor” is not an illustration of this story, but it depicts a scene from the life of a house similar to the house of an old lady. The same ancient lady lies and sleeps in armchairs, the hanger-on takes care of her around her. On the right sits a young woman, a pupil or a poor relative of a rich lady, reading aloud from a thick book. It’s obvious that this book doesn’t interest her. Only a girl who sits on the floor and pets a dog finds the book fascinating. She listens intently. This picture is perfect for the character of the old lady from Turgenev's story.

Creative task

To page 244

Why did Gerasim go to the village? What did Turgenev want to tell the readers (to evoke sympathy, protest against the willfulness of the landowners, to show the strength of character and sense of dignity of the hero)? Prepare a discussion on this topic.

Gerasim was a serf peasant, later a janitor in a Moscow lady's house. But he retained the best spiritual and moral qualities of man, inner fortitude and fortitude. Turgenev writes about this especially expressively in the episode of Gerasim’s persecution. When Stepan began to dangle the stick in the hole in the door, the janitor opened the door himself: “Gerasim stood motionless on the threshold. The mass gathered at the foot of the stairs. Gerasim looked at all these little people in German caftans from above, resting his hands slightly on his hips; in his own reddish farmer’s shirt, he seemed like some kind of giant in front of them.” They had no desires of their own. They only did what the mistress wanted. Gerasim no longer wanted to live with these people in the lady’s house. He went to the village and began to live lonely, but honestly.

Phonochrestomathy

Page 224-225

1. How the actor reads the first lines of the story, telling about an old house with rickety balconies and the fate of its owner. What does he want to say about the fate of the old lady? Does the music that accompanies the reading match the nature of the story?

The actor reads the first lines of the story with a certain sadness and compassion, because he knows about the greedy and melancholy old age, loneliness. Yes, the music that accompanies the reading matches the nature of the story.

2. How does the actor’s intonation change when he talks about Gerasim? How does an actor convey the author’s attitude towards the hero of the work?

When the story reaches Gerasim, the voice perks up: it’s immediately clear that Gerasim is a good man, a fascinating person, unlike the lady. The actor reads about him with enthusiasm and a certain concern.

3. What new colors and tones does the reader find in order to convey to us the state of mind of Gerasim caring for a puppy?

When the actor reads episodes in which Gerasim takes care of a dog, a special softness appears in his voice, he is touched by the tiny creature together with Gerasim, laughs along with him.

The creator and actor have a negative attitude towards hangers-on, in some way they even mock him. This is expressed in the way the actor portrays their voices, in all their desire to please the lady with her changeable mood.

Among writers, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was distinguished by great courage, and his works were often subjected to severe censorship. Turgenev's story "Mumu", which is taught to 5th grade students, was banned for a long time. And only thanks to the diplomatic character of the writer, the world learned about this tragic and incredibly touching story. Among the main characters of “Mumu” ​​there are not only people, but also a small dog, after which this work is named.

Characteristics of the heroes of “Mumu”

Main characters

Lady	The main negative character: a capricious, stubborn, wayward old woman with frequent mood swings, on whose whim the tragic events of the story played out. At the same time, she is very economical and demanding, and manages a large house well. Its main feature is a passionate desire to decide the fate of people who are in its full power. Because of the despotic manners of the old lady, many human destinies were ruined.
Gerasim	A closed, unsociable middle-aged man, whose difficult character is explained by a congenital illness, Gerasim has been deaf and mute since birth. This is a real Russian hero, possessing remarkable strength, diligence and hard work. He is connected by invisible threads to the earth, Mother Nature, but at the whim of his mistress he is forced to live in a city he does not understand and hate. Calm and flexible by nature, he dares to show rebellion after all the misfortunes that happened to him through the fault of his lady.
Mu Mu	An affectionate and devoted dog, saved by Gerasim from certain death. The only consolation of the main character in his joyless life. Enjoying the great love of all the servants, Mumu fears and openly dislikes only the old angry lady. Having accidentally caught her eye, Mumu refuses to obey her and thereby incurs terrible anger. By order of the lady, Gerasim is forced to drown his pet, and this event leaves a big imprint on his future fate.

Minor characters

Tatiana	A young laundress, a poor and unrequited girl who is forced to endure endless humiliation and bullying. Unexpectedly for herself and all the courtyard servants, she becomes an object of care and tender affection on the part of the janitor Gerasim. However, by the will of the lady, the girl is forced to marry the drunkard Kapiton, which completely ruins her already joyless life.
Kapiton	A shoemaker at the lady's court, a bitter drunkard. Being an intelligent and even educated man in his youth, over time he quickly became an alcoholic. Wanting to set him on the right path, the old lady forcibly marries her shoemaker to the washerwoman Tatyana. However, this does not change the situation, and Kapiton drinks even more. The lady gets rid of the drunkard, sending him and his young wife to the village.
Gavrila	The lady's butler, a simple peasant, ready to resort to extreme cunning for his own benefit. Being by nature a good-natured person, he is nevertheless capable of committing outright meanness, just to please his extravagant mistress. At his instigation, the lady separates Gerasim from Tatyana, and it is he who orders the janitor to deal with Mumu. This is how the negative essence of this character manifests itself.

In Turgenev's story "Mumu" the characters are presented very vividly and vividly, with complete characteristics that will be most useful when writing an essay on a given topic. For the reading diary of inquisitive students, it will be useful to know that in the creative piggy bank of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev there are not only novels and short stories, but also wonderful fairy tales for children.

The lady's most faithful servant was the butler Gavrila. He tried to fulfill her every whim in order to please the wayward mistress. His job is to keep order in the house, and the other servants are obliged to obey him unquestioningly. Every day at the appointed time he came to the lady with a report.

All that is known about the butler’s appearance is that he has “yellow eyes and a duck nose.” He is characterized by such qualities as cowardice, obedience, cunning, resourcefulness and at the same time stupidity. At the same time, he does not tolerate frivolity, for which he scolded Tatyana’s husband.

This minor character is portrayed as a rogue and slippery type. Currying favor with the lady, he thinks only about his own benefit and secretly steals everything. He doesn't care about the feelings of others. When the lady decides to marry her washerwoman Tatyana to the drunken shoemaker Kapiton Klimov, knowing full well that the janitor Gerasim is in love with her, Gavrila came up with a cunning way to make him disgusted with his beloved. The butler knew that Gerasim did not like drunk people, and forced Tatyana to pretend to be “drunk” in front of him. This vile act broke the janitor's heart.

After some time, Gavrila, fulfilling another order of the lady, again hurt Gerasim. He secretly sold his beloved puppy named Mumu, who annoyed his owner. But the dog is back. Then the butler began to put pressure on the janitor. Unable to bear it, Gerasim decided to drown his pet himself, and then left this house for his native village. This act of the butler angered the mistress, because she ordered to simply get rid of the animal, and not kill it. Gavrila, because of his stupidity and fear of not pleasing his mistress, took this order literally, which led to the tragic end of the story.

Despite this, Gavrila cannot be called evil, because he did not deliberately want to harm anyone. He simply tried to do his job well and listened to the mistress who intimidated him and the other servants. He can only be called a coward, because, unlike Gerasim, he could not resist her arbitrariness and did not dare to contradict her, even realizing that by his actions he was depriving other people of happiness and ruining the life of an innocent dog.

The story “Mumu”, which belongs to such a direction as critical realism, presents a variety of heroes, with the help of which Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev demonstrates and exposes the main vices inherent in serfdom. The author boldly condemns this way of life, so the work was forbidden to be published for a long time.

It is believed that this tragic story is based on real events that he saw in the Moscow house of his mother, Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva. She became the prototype of a lady who unceremoniously interferes in the lives of her servants, bringing the situation to arbitrariness, and at the same time firmly believes that she is doing good.

Essay on the theme of Gavril (Mumu)

Turgenev paints in his story the image of a typical butler - Gavrila. He is somewhat subservient to his mistress and rather strict with the rest of his subordinates. Such people love the hierarchy and obey this order, so Gavrilo Andreevich accepts his own role, which he corresponds both externally and with all his heart.

Gavrilo seems to me a rather unhappy person, although he himself does not understand his own misfortune. He is genuinely cruel to others and seeks his own gain, often by creating misfortune for others. Of course, he is a simple man, of which there are many, but he is clearly not a moral ideal, but on the contrary, he is the opposite of this ideal.

Perhaps even this hero is the opposite of Gerasim, who can feel, has a cordial responsibility to others, is sensitive to this world. Gavrila destroys Gerasim's happiness for his own benefit, he separates Gerasim and Tatyana, orders Mumu to be drowned. Such actions can even be called sadistic, but in fact, such behavior is typical of many “ordinary” people, and Turgenev talks about this in his story.

Characteristic is the fact of the difference between the position of Gavrila and Gerasim. On the one hand, Gavrila is quite accomplished (by the standards of a common man), and on the other hand, poor Gerasim, who is at the same time quite rich spiritually and Gavrila will never gain such wealth.

The butler is afraid of his mistress, he has small and yellow eyes - a mirror of the soul, probably also petty and sick. After all, yellowness is the color of longing and illness. This hero is clearly not spiritually healthy, although, in general, he seems to be a normal part of his society. Thus, the character is clearly negative and through him the author reveals the vices of many people, negative character traits that often manifest themselves in ordinary people: anger, deceit, servility.

Gavrila accumulates only material wealth and does not think about her own soul. He stores various supplies and items in chests in the room. He gets all this from the young lady, whom he fawns over, but at the same time he carries out various frauds with his companion Lyubov Lyubimovna - by the way, a characteristic name that indicates the opposite, because there is no love in this person.

Option 3

Gavrilo Andreevich is a minor character in Turgenev’s story “Mumu”. He is the old lady's most faithful servant, serving as the butler in the house. Judging by his yellow eyes and duck nose, he is the mirror of a soul, most likely insignificant and weak, fate itself determined to become a person in charge. He, like other servants, is afraid of the old lady, does not argue with her, listens to everything and tries to please, and also goes to her every day to report. His job is to keep order in the house, and the rest of the servants, whom he does not treat in the most affectionate manner, are obliged to obey him unquestioningly. Together with the hanger-on Lyubov Lyubimovna, they keep track of the products and steal them behind the lady’s back. Gavrila Andreevich’s room, located in the outbuilding, is all cluttered with forged chests, in which, perhaps, there are things that he acquired from the young lady, together with Lyubov Lyubimovna. The character's wife's name is Ustinya Fedorovna.

Gavrilo has such character qualities as humility, timidity, cunning, savvy and simplicity. At the same time, he does not like carelessness, for which he scolded Tatyana’s husband. Turgenev portrayed him as a swindler and a deceiver. While currying favor with the lady, he does not worry about anyone but himself. When the lady gives the washerwoman Tatyana in marriage to the drunkard shoemaker Kapiton Klimov, Gavrila knew that the janitor Gerasim loved her, and forced the washerwoman to pretend that she was drunk, playing on the fact that Gerasim does not like drunks. Some time later, fulfilling the next order of the lady, the butler sold Mumu, the favorite puppy of the janitor Gerasim. However, when the dog returns, the butler began to put pressure on Gerasim, and he himself drowned the pet and returned to his village. This angered the owner, because she wanted to get rid of the dog, and not poison it, but Gavrila, out of stupidity and fear of not pleasing the owner, took the order literally, and brought the story to a tragic end.

However, the butler cannot be called evil, since he did not want to harm anyone consciously, but simply wanted to carry out the order well and obeyed the mistress, who intimidated not only Gavrila, but also all the serfs. However, Gavrila can be called a coward, since, unlike Gerasim, he is not able to resist the mistress’s arbitrariness and did not dare to contradict her, even realizing that he was destroying the happiness of other people and taking the life of an innocent dog. Material wealth is more important to him than his own soul. Gavrila is a negative character through whom the author shows the vices of people and the negative traits of their character

This work belongs to the section of ancient Russian literature. Many philologists admit that “The Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh” stands apart in relation to other ancient Russian works.

Every person living in Russia should know their history so as not to repeat past mistakes and know the structure of society. War, so much is included in the meaning of this word. Grief, sadness, loss, togetherness

One cannot argue with the fact that water is vital for humanity and all living things. Without water, all plants will die. This will lead to a lack of oxygen, the main condition for life will disappear